第6部分：完形填空（第51～65題，每題1分，共15分）
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Science and Truth
"FINAGLE" （欺騙） is not a word that most people associate with science. .One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always（51） data in an impartial （不偏不倚的） search for truth. In any debate（52） intelligence, schooling, energy－the phrase "science says" usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a "finagle factor" a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to（53） desired results. The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard biologist, who has（54） the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time for analysing the brain（55） of the skulls as a measure of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the largest brains, that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and（56）, that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the（57） were an example of the finagle at work. He found that Morton's "discovery" was made by leaving out embarrassing data, （58） incorrect procedures, and changing his criteria again, always in favour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects（59）.
But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in（60） work. Some of the leading figures in science are（61） to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out （捏造） to support at least three central statements that he could not prove. And so（62） Laudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer, whose master work, Almagest, summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth as its centre. Recent（63） indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.
All this is important because the, finagle factor is still at work. For example, in the artificial sweetener controversy, for example, it is（64） that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,（65） all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.
51 A collects B invents C misuses D enables
52 A of B over C in D with
53 A convey B destroy C modify D acquire
54 A created B written C examined D produced
55 A size B shape C tissue D cell,
56 A however B then C though D therefore
57 A results B experiments C ideas D suggestions
58 A planning B making C using D searching
59 A creativity B reliability C intelligence D originality
60 A unusual B mental C scientific D manual
61 A taught B believed C tried D allowed
62 A was B had C could D did
63 A studies B events C developments D decisions
64 A feared B said C suggested D expected
65 A if B while C because D although
答案
51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A
56. D 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B
解析
51. A collects 收集，搜集，湊集。B invents 發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造。 C misuses 誤用，濫用（某物）。D enables 使（某人）能夠做某物，使（某事）成為可能。搜集數(shù)據(jù)是最通順的搭配。其他三個選項的詞義都對不是選項。
52. B over 涉及。意思是在涉及智力，教育和能源的辯論中。其他三個選項沒有這個意思。
53. D acquire（靠自己的能力, 努力或行為而）獲得, 得到（某事物）。獲得理想的結(jié)果。句子的意思是為獲得理想的結(jié)果去修改數(shù)據(jù)。A convey 運(yùn)載，運(yùn)送（某人）。 B destroy 破壞，毀壞。 C modify 改善，改進(jìn)（某物）。
54. C examined 仔細(xì)檢查，調(diào)查。后面的說的是發(fā)現(xiàn)了Morton 的錯誤。由此得知：經(jīng)過了仔細(xì)的檢查后，得到了現(xiàn)在的發(fā)現(xiàn)。A created創(chuàng)造; 創(chuàng)建; 創(chuàng)作。 B written 寫下，記下。D produced制造、 生產(chǎn)、 出產(chǎn)或創(chuàng)造某事物。
55. A size 號碼。后面的內(nèi)容說到了腦子的大小的影響。所以，這里選擇A. B shape 形狀。C tissue 組織，結(jié)構(gòu)。D cell 小房間，牢房，（蜂房的）巢室。
56. D therefore 因此。聯(lián)系前后文，可得知這里是順接的意思。A however 無論如何，不管。 B then 然后，其次。C though 雖然，盡管。
57. A results 結(jié)果，結(jié)論?？偨Y(jié)結(jié)論。B experiments 試驗，試驗。C ideas 想法，點(diǎn)子。D suggestions 建議，勸告。
58. C using 使用。聯(lián)系上下文文意，選項C 是選項。A planning 計劃。 B making 制造。D searching 尋找。
59. C intelligence 能力，腦力，智力。這句話說的是人類的大腦。句子說人類大腦的大小反映智力。四個選項中最適合的選項就是C 選項。A creativity 創(chuàng)造性。B reliability 可靠性，可信性。D originality 獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，創(chuàng)造力。
60. C scientific 科學(xué)的，用于科學(xué)研究的，有關(guān)于科學(xué)的。 A unusual 不平常的。B mental 精神的，心里的，智力的。D manual 手工的，手的。
61. B believed 相信，認(rèn)為。排除法，將選項依次放入原句中，會發(fā)現(xiàn)只有選項A最適合。意思是一些科技領(lǐng)域被認(rèn)為有欺騙的因素。A taught 教（某人）。C tried 嘗試，打算努力做。D allowed 允許，許可，準(zhǔn)許。
62. D did.意思是 Laudius Ptolemy也是如此。A was. B had. C could
63. A studies 研究。意思是目前研究表明。學(xué)員們可以記住這句話的搭配方法。B events 大事件。C developments 發(fā)展。D decisions 決定。
64. B said 說 固定搭配:it is said that據(jù)說。A feared 害怕。C suggested 建議。D expected 預(yù)期，預(yù)料。
65. B while 然而，但是。前后文的意思出現(xiàn)了不同點(diǎn)，所以，空白應(yīng)該選轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。Although 不適合放在兩個句子中間。所以，選項B是選項。A if 如果。C because 因為。D although 盡管…，但是…
閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出4個選項，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個選項中選擇1個答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。
Science and Truth
"FINAGLE" （欺騙） is not a word that most people associate with science. .One reason is that the image of the scientist is of one who always（51） data in an impartial （不偏不倚的） search for truth. In any debate（52） intelligence, schooling, energy－the phrase "science says" usually disarms opposition.
But scientists have long acknowledged the existence of a "finagle factor" a tendency by many scientists to give a helpful change to the data to（53） desired results. The latest of the finagle factor in action comes from Stephen Jay Gould, a Harvard biologist, who has（54） the important 19th century work of Dr. Samuel George Morton. Morton was famous in his time for analysing the brain（55） of the skulls as a measure of intelligence. He concluded that whites had the largest brains, that the brains of Indians and blacks were smaller, and（56）, that whites constitute a superior race.
Gould went back to Morton's original data and concluded that the（57） were an example of the finagle at work. He found that Morton's "discovery" was made by leaving out embarrassing data, （58） incorrect procedures, and changing his criteria again, always in favour of his argument. Morton has been thoroughly discredited by now and scientists do not believe that brain size reflects（59）.
But Gould went on to say Morton's story is only an example of a common problem in（60） work. Some of the leading figures in science are（61） to have used the finagle factor. Gould says that Isaac Newton fudged out （捏造） to support at least three central statements that he could not prove. And so（62） Laudius Ptolemy, the Greek astronomer, whose master work, Almagest, summed up the case for a solar system that had the earth as its centre. Recent（63） indicate that Ptolemy either faked some key data or resorted heavily to the finagle factor.
All this is important because the, finagle factor is still at work. For example, in the artificial sweetener controversy, for example, it is（64） that all the studies sponsored by the sugar industry find that the artificial sweetener is unsafe,（65） all the studies sponsored by the diet food industry find nothing wrong with it.
51 A collects B invents C misuses D enables
52 A of B over C in D with
53 A convey B destroy C modify D acquire
54 A created B written C examined D produced
55 A size B shape C tissue D cell,
56 A however B then C though D therefore
57 A results B experiments C ideas D suggestions
58 A planning B making C using D searching
59 A creativity B reliability C intelligence D originality
60 A unusual B mental C scientific D manual
61 A taught B believed C tried D allowed
62 A was B had C could D did
63 A studies B events C developments D decisions
64 A feared B said C suggested D expected
65 A if B while C because D although
答案
51. A 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. A
56. D 57. A 58. C 59. C 60. C
61. B 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B
解析
51. A collects 收集，搜集，湊集。B invents 發(fā)明，創(chuàng)造。 C misuses 誤用，濫用（某物）。D enables 使（某人）能夠做某物，使（某事）成為可能。搜集數(shù)據(jù)是最通順的搭配。其他三個選項的詞義都對不是選項。
52. B over 涉及。意思是在涉及智力，教育和能源的辯論中。其他三個選項沒有這個意思。
53. D acquire（靠自己的能力, 努力或行為而）獲得, 得到（某事物）。獲得理想的結(jié)果。句子的意思是為獲得理想的結(jié)果去修改數(shù)據(jù)。A convey 運(yùn)載，運(yùn)送（某人）。 B destroy 破壞，毀壞。 C modify 改善，改進(jìn)（某物）。
54. C examined 仔細(xì)檢查，調(diào)查。后面的說的是發(fā)現(xiàn)了Morton 的錯誤。由此得知：經(jīng)過了仔細(xì)的檢查后，得到了現(xiàn)在的發(fā)現(xiàn)。A created創(chuàng)造; 創(chuàng)建; 創(chuàng)作。 B written 寫下，記下。D produced制造、 生產(chǎn)、 出產(chǎn)或創(chuàng)造某事物。
55. A size 號碼。后面的內(nèi)容說到了腦子的大小的影響。所以，這里選擇A. B shape 形狀。C tissue 組織，結(jié)構(gòu)。D cell 小房間，牢房，（蜂房的）巢室。
56. D therefore 因此。聯(lián)系前后文，可得知這里是順接的意思。A however 無論如何，不管。 B then 然后，其次。C though 雖然，盡管。
57. A results 結(jié)果，結(jié)論?？偨Y(jié)結(jié)論。B experiments 試驗，試驗。C ideas 想法，點(diǎn)子。D suggestions 建議，勸告。
58. C using 使用。聯(lián)系上下文文意，選項C 是選項。A planning 計劃。 B making 制造。D searching 尋找。
59. C intelligence 能力，腦力，智力。這句話說的是人類的大腦。句子說人類大腦的大小反映智力。四個選項中最適合的選項就是C 選項。A creativity 創(chuàng)造性。B reliability 可靠性，可信性。D originality 獨(dú)創(chuàng)性，創(chuàng)造力。
60. C scientific 科學(xué)的，用于科學(xué)研究的，有關(guān)于科學(xué)的。 A unusual 不平常的。B mental 精神的，心里的，智力的。D manual 手工的，手的。
61. B believed 相信，認(rèn)為。排除法，將選項依次放入原句中，會發(fā)現(xiàn)只有選項A最適合。意思是一些科技領(lǐng)域被認(rèn)為有欺騙的因素。A taught 教（某人）。C tried 嘗試，打算努力做。D allowed 允許，許可，準(zhǔn)許。
62. D did.意思是 Laudius Ptolemy也是如此。A was. B had. C could
63. A studies 研究。意思是目前研究表明。學(xué)員們可以記住這句話的搭配方法。B events 大事件。C developments 發(fā)展。D decisions 決定。
64. B said 說 固定搭配:it is said that據(jù)說。A feared 害怕。C suggested 建議。D expected 預(yù)期，預(yù)料。
65. B while 然而，但是。前后文的意思出現(xiàn)了不同點(diǎn)，所以，空白應(yīng)該選轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。Although 不適合放在兩個句子中間。所以，選項B是選項。A if 如果。C because 因為。D although 盡管…，但是…