同類比較 except，加 for 異類記心間。
He's composition is good, except for some spelling mistakes.
他的這篇作文寫得很好，只是有幾處拼寫錯(cuò)誤。(非同類比較用 except for)
She was all alone in the world except for an old aunt. 除了有一個(gè)老姑媽，她別無(wú)親人。
Anna felt disappointed when she found out they had gone swimming without her. (without ＝ except) 當(dāng)安娜發(fā)現(xiàn)除她外，他們都去游泳了，她感到很失望。
Lion Head Hill is not worth seeing except for its old temples.
除了那些古寺以外，獅頭山?jīng)]什么可看的。
Among other things, we are interested in drawing.
我們對(duì)圖畫和別的一些東西很感興趣。(among 之內(nèi)即包括在內(nèi))
原狀 because of, owing to, due to 表語(yǔ)形容詞
例：Owing to our joint efforts, the task was fulfilled ahead of schedule.
由于我們的共同努力，任務(wù)提前完成了。
注：Owing to 和 because of 都做原因狀語(yǔ)，而 due to 只能做表語(yǔ)形容詞。所以此句。owing to 的介詞短語(yǔ)做原因狀語(yǔ)。
AII our achievements are due to the correct leadership of our Party.
我們的一切成績(jī)都?xì)w功于黨。(due to 做表語(yǔ)形容詞)
Under 后接修、建中，of，from 物化分
例：The road is under repair now．這條路正在修建中。
The now railway is still under construction. 新鐵路尚在修筑中。(不能用 in)
under discussion 在討論中(不能用 in) under considerate 在考慮中(不能用 in)
The desk is made of wood. 桌子是木頭做的。(物理變化用 of)
The wine is made from grape. 這種酒是用葡萄釀造的。(化學(xué)變化用 from)
The bridge is made of steel. 這座橋是鋼制的。(物理變化)
Steel is made from iron. 鋼是由鐵煉成的。(化學(xué)變化)
before, after 表一點(diǎn)，ago, later 表示一段
即 before, after 常表示一個(gè)點(diǎn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，而 ago，later 常表示一段的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。
例如：前天 the day before yesterday; 前年 the year before last; 大上星期 the week before last 等等都表示點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的。
要想準(zhǔn)確無(wú)誤地使用好 before 和 ago, after 和 later 比較困難，但要是以“點(diǎn)”和“段”來(lái)區(qū)別就容易得多。
例：晚飯前 before supper
解放前 before liberation
1970 年前 before 1970
*前 before cultural revolution
國(guó)慶前 before National Day
入大學(xué)前 before coming to college
這些都是“點(diǎn)”狀語(yǔ)，因?yàn)?970年前即1970年1月1日前。國(guó)慶節(jié)即10月1日前。
ago 表示一段時(shí)間。
例：一分鐘前 a minute ago
半小時(shí)前 half an hour ago
兩天前 two days ago
一星期前 a week ago
五年前 five years ago
因?yàn)?a minute, half an hour, two days, a week, five years 等都表示一段時(shí)間，所以用 ago。以及 ten days later 等皆如此。
before 可接完成時(shí)，ago 過去級(jí)有限
這時(shí)的 before 是連詞(也可做介詞)
例：We had scarcely left our school before it began to rain.
我們剛離開學(xué)校，天就下雨了。(完成時(shí))
I had studied French for four months before I came here.
我來(lái)這兒以前就已學(xué)了四個(gè)月法語(yǔ)了。(before 接完成時(shí))
He fell ill three days ago.
他病了三天了。(ago 則只能接動(dòng)詞過去式，同時(shí)注意瞬間動(dòng)詞的問題。)
He left two months ago. 兩個(gè)月前他離開了。（同上)
I met her a few minutes ago. 我在幾分鐘前碰到他了。(同上)
Since 以來(lái) during 間，since 時(shí)態(tài)多變換
與之相比 beside, 除了 last but one。
即 beside 的一般用法是“在……旁邊”, 但還有“和……相比”等特殊用法。
例：I felt so weak in spoken English beside them. 和他們相比，我感到我的口語(yǔ)太差。
Beside work and study, all else was trivial. 同工作和學(xué)習(xí)比起來(lái)，其他一切都是小事。
除了 last but one，即 but 多指“除了”的意思，也有“倒數(shù)第幾”的意思。last but one 即不是最后一個(gè)。
例：I haven't told anybody but one. 除了我愛人，我誰(shuí)也沒告訴。(除了)
Who but a fool would study foreign language well if he is a hard working one.
如果他勤奮好學(xué)的話，除了傻瓜誰(shuí)都能學(xué)好外語(yǔ)。(除了)
Look at the last page but one. 請(qǐng)看倒數(shù)第2頁(yè)。
He was the last but three in maths examination this time. 他這次數(shù)學(xué)考試成績(jī)倒數(shù)第四。
They live in the next house but one. 他們住在隔壁過去一家。
復(fù)不定 for、找，價(jià)，原，對(duì)，給，段，去，為，作，贊
復(fù)不定 for，即用 for 引出的不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是 for 加名(代)加不定式；找，意為找到，提供; 價(jià)，意為價(jià)格、工資；原，意為原因；段，意為時(shí)間或距離; 去，意為去某地或開往某地；作，意為作為; 贊，意為贊成(用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)。)
例：It is high time for us to start. 我們不該再遲延了。
The most urgent thing is for us to get the preparation done.
最重要的事情是我們要把準(zhǔn)備工作做好。
I don't think it advisable for him to study medicine. 我想她學(xué)醫(yī)不適合。
Your parents and relatives are anxious for you to go to college.
你的父母和親戚渴望你上大學(xué)。
My home town has changed too much for me to recognize.
我的家鄉(xiāng)變化太大，簡(jiǎn)直認(rèn)不出來(lái)了。
以上例句都是 for 在不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中的用法。
Someone is asking for you on the telephone. 有人找你接電話。(找)
You'd better write to me for more information about it.
如需更多這方面的資科和信息，你給我寫信。(提問，索要)
They worked in the company for 200 yuan a month. 他們?cè)谶@個(gè)公司干活，每月嫌200元。(價(jià)格)
How much did you pay for the second-hand colour TV? 這臺(tái)用過的彩電你花了多少錢？(價(jià)格)
Thank you very much for your coming. 謝謝您的光臨。(原因)
Thank you for your warm hospitality. 謝謝您的熱情款待。(原因)
Forgive me for being tardy. 請(qǐng)?jiān)徫疫t到了。(原因)
I'm much obliged to you for telling me. 非常感謝你給我談了這個(gè)情況。(原因)
We have boundless admiration for your struggle. 對(duì)你們的斗爭(zhēng)我們無(wú)限欽佩。(對(duì))
Listening comprehension materials are good for training our minds.
聽力材料對(duì)訓(xùn)練我們的腦子根有好處。(對(duì))
Take the bitter medicine. It's good for you. 吃下這藥吧，對(duì)你有好處。(對(duì))
There is a telegram for Mr. Wang. 這有一份王先生的電報(bào)。(給)
May I use it for a minute? 我用一會(huì)兒好嗎?(一段時(shí)間)
I followed the stealer for some distance. 我跟蹤那個(gè)小偷一段路。(一段距離)
The ship was for Dalian. 這破船開往大連。(去某地)
We are off for Shanghai tomorrow. 明天我們?nèi)ド虾！?去某地)
The medicine is for reducing your temperature. 這藥是退燒的。(為……目的)
After breakfast, I'll go for a stroll round the town.
吃完飯我要在城里到處走走。(為……目的)
I'll keep the lighter given by a foreign friend for a souvenir.
我要把外賓送給我的打火機(jī)作為紀(jì)念。(作為)
It is only meant for a joke. 這只是當(dāng)笑話說(shuō)說(shuō)罷了。(作為)
We are all for cutting down the cost of production. 我們都贊成降低生產(chǎn)成本。(贊成)
快到、對(duì)、向 towards，工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南
例：It's getting on towards the end of term now. 現(xiàn)在已快到學(xué)期未了。(快到)
Towards midnight my husband came back. 快到半夜了我的丈夫才回來(lái)。(快到)
Our teacher was very lenient towards us. 我們的老師對(duì)我們很松。(對(duì))
What you have invented is really a big contribution towards our company.
你所發(fā)明的對(duì)我們公司確實(shí)是一大貢獻(xiàn)。(對(duì))
The boy came running towards his mother. 那個(gè)男孩向他母親跑去。(向著)
所謂工、學(xué)、軍、城、上、北、南，是說(shuō) up 和 down 的用法。這也是漢英翻譯時(shí)要注意的。例如：招工，上大學(xué)，參軍，進(jìn)城，
上山，向北方等都屬于 up。而相反的下鄉(xiāng)，向南，落榜等都屬于 down?！按筌娔舷?，北上抗日”大概由此而來(lái)。
but for 否定用虛擬，復(fù)合介詞待后言。
but for 是“若不是”的意思。
例：But for our great Communist Party, we could never have today's happiness.
若沒有偉大的共產(chǎn)黨，我們決不會(huì)有今天的幸福生活。
But for this chemical the vapour inside the system would not have been absorbed so completely. 若沒有這個(gè)化學(xué)劑的作用，系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的蒸汽不可能被吸收得這么徹底。
but for 將在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中詳講。
以上講到了某些常用介詞 in 用法，但遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，就拿做插入語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)說(shuō)就數(shù)不勝數(shù)。以下固定搭配不可隨意改動(dòng)：
例：in general 一般說(shuō)來(lái)
in short 簡(jiǎn)言之
in other words 換言之
in my opinion 依我看
in simple words 簡(jiǎn)言之
on the whole 基本上
for instance 例如
for short 簡(jiǎn)稱
after all 畢竟
above all 首先
此外考試中常出現(xiàn)的成語(yǔ)前置詞也須牢記其用法。
by appearance 從外表
by the aid of 借……的幫助
by far ……得多
by course of ……照……常例
by reason of 由于
by request 應(yīng)邀
by right of 由于憑借
out of date 過時(shí)
out of harmony with 與……不一致
out of harmony with 擺脫困境
out of bounds 超出權(quán)限
out of proportion to 與……不相稱
out of reach 力量不及
out of one's wits 不知所措
out of question 沒問題
out of the question 不可能的
to a great extent 很大程度上
to one's taste 合……胃口
to one's thinking 據(jù)……看來(lái)
to one's heart's content 盡情地
to the utmost 盡力
behind schedule 不準(zhǔn)時(shí)
behind the times 過時(shí)的
behind the curtain 在幕后
within reach 能力所及
within a hair's breadth 差—點(diǎn)
within a stone's throw of 在附近
beyond description 無(wú)法形容
beyond reason 毫無(wú)道理
beyond reproach 無(wú)可指責(zé)
beyond one's expectation 超出……范圍
beyond expression 無(wú)法表達(dá)
ing 型由于、鑒，除了，除外與包含。
之后，關(guān)于，在……方面，有關(guān)介詞須記全。
最后，英語(yǔ)中 v.-ing 分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而成的特殊介詞，更須注意，根據(jù)其語(yǔ)法功能，把它們同現(xiàn)在分詞，動(dòng)名詞和連同區(qū)分開來(lái)。即：
respecting 由于, 鑒于; considering 由于, 鑒于; excepting 除了; concerning 關(guān)于; excepting for 除外; excluding 除外； without excepting sb. 包含; including 包括，包含； following 在……之后; regarding 關(guān)于； respecting 在……方面; concerning 有關(guān);
例：considering 由于；
Considering that table salt is the commonest source of sodium in food, the diet usually calls for eating salt-free foods. 由于食鹽是鈉在食物中普遍的來(lái)源，醫(yī)生給病人規(guī)定的，飲食通常要求吃無(wú)鹽食品。
respecting 鑒于:
Respecting the heavy rain, we had to put off the match.
鑒于下大雨，我們不得不推遲了這場(chǎng)比賽。
excepting 除了：
excepting 可單獨(dú)使用，可以與 always 或否定詞 not 連用，也可以與 for, without 之類介詞連用。
Excepting one of his close friends, they were present at the party.
除了他的一個(gè)摯友外，他們都來(lái)赴宴了。
He is an honest man, excepting for his quick temper.
他是個(gè)老實(shí)人，只是(“除了” 脾氣暴躁。(同類比較 except，加 for 異類記心間)。
Everybody is in high spirits, always excepting him. 大家都情緒高昂，唯他“除外”(例外)。
Only a few survivors without excepting him were living in the settlement.
包括他在內(nèi)，只有幾個(gè)幸存者住在新拓居地。
including 包含：
The new apartment consists of three rooms including the kitchen.
這套公寓有三間，包括廚房。
following 在……之后: 相當(dāng)于 after
The week following his first visit to the newsroom he was appointed editor of the important column. 在拜訪該報(bào)社編輯部的“第二個(gè)”星期，他放任命為該報(bào)重要專欄的主筆。
regarding 關(guān)于：相當(dāng)于 about
Regarding research investment and number of researchers engaged in this field of research, the U.S.A. commands an overwhelming position followed by Japan. “關(guān)于”投入該領(lǐng)域研究的投資額和研究人員的數(shù)量，美國(guó)占?jí)旱箖?yōu)勢(shì)，其次是日本。
respecting 在……方面：
Respecting education, health, medical care as well as production and labor technological development will have to be evaluated with due thought given to social systems and humanism. “在”教育、衛(wèi)生、生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)“方面”, 評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)的發(fā)展需根據(jù)社會(huì)制度和人道主義。
concerning 有關(guān)：
The following are some of the arguments both pros and cons concerning computers, thinking, and artificial
intelligence. 下面是“有關(guān)”計(jì)算機(jī)、思維和人工智能方面持贊成和反對(duì)態(tài)度的一些論據(jù)。
當(dāng)然，這些 ing 型的介詞，在句子中也有分詞、動(dòng)名詞和連詞的語(yǔ)法功能。excluding 和 including，表示排除與包含。
Last year British sales to the region were more than $8 billion, while French exports, excluding arms brought in around $3 billion. 去年，英國(guó)對(duì)這個(gè)地區(qū)的銷售額達(dá)80多億美元，而法國(guó)的出口額(武器除外)約為30億美元。
Stress may deplete vitamin C in your body, as can smoking, drinking and a variety of drugs, not excepting aspirin. 生活緊張會(huì)耗盡你體內(nèi)的維生素C，正如吸煙、飲酒、服用某些藥物(包括阿斯匹林)一樣。
至于介詞與形容詞、動(dòng)詞、名詞的搭配以及復(fù)合介詞(又稱復(fù)雜介詞)、介詞詞組與從句的變換則涉及更多的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容