(一) 直接引語和間接引語
引述別人的話，如果照原話重復(fù)，稱為直接引語；直接引語要加引號(hào)。如果用引述者的話轉(zhuǎn)述說話的內(nèi)容，稱為間接引語；間接引語不加引號(hào)?！∪纾?BR> 直接引語 "I will try a seven time," cried Bruce."
間接引語 "Bruce said that he would try a seventh time."
1. 在把陳述句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1) 時(shí)態(tài)要一致。如：
She said:"They are very fond of sports."
She said that they were very fond of sports.
(2)人稱代詞和物主代詞要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：如：
"I've just got a letter from my sister," Jane said.
Jane said she had just got a letter from her sister.
(3) 某些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：
Joe said:"I arrived yesterday(this morning, two days ago)."
Joe said he arrived the day before(that morning, two days before).
2. 在把特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，除了要把時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、狀語作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整外，還要注意把問句的語序改為陳述句語序?！∪纾?BR> "What are you looking for, Tom?" Anne asked.
Anne asked Tom what he was looking for.
3. 在把一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，除了上述各點(diǎn)外，還要注意在間接引語前用連詞whether或if。如：
"Have you finished reading the book,George?" Betty asked.
Betty asked whether(if) George had finished reading the book.
4. 在把祈使句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要用ask,tell,order等詞，三者代表不同的口氣（請(qǐng)求、讓步、命令），如何選用要根據(jù)原話口氣決定?！∪纾?BR> "Don't be late again, Frank," the teacher said.
The teacher told Frank not to be late again.
(二) 破折號(hào)的用法
1. 破折號(hào)用來表示思想上突然的中斷或轉(zhuǎn)移?！∪纾?BR> I assure you that I－but you would not understand.我向你保證我－可你不會(huì)理解的。（表示思想的突然中斷）
2. 有時(shí)與括號(hào)相似，但不如括號(hào)正式?！∪纾篗ary comes every week －on Tuesday－to help with the laundry.瑪麗每個(gè)星期－每星期二－都來幫忙洗衣服。
3. 破折號(hào)常用來表示句子沒有結(jié)束?！∪纾篢he little boy counted one,two,three,four－and then stopped. 小男孩數(shù)了一、二、三、四－然后停住了。
4. 破折號(hào)有時(shí)表示附加或補(bǔ)充。 如：The gave him a new camera for Christmas－and a film to go with it.他們給了他一架新照相機(jī)作為圣誕禮物－還帶有一卷膠卷。
5. 破折號(hào)有時(shí)用來解釋上文?！∪纾篐e bought a house just outside the town－a magnificent building. 他在緊靠城外買了一棟房子－一棟豪華的建筑。
6. 破折號(hào)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于冒號(hào)，但不如冒號(hào)正式?！∪纾篐e has only one interest－music.他只有一項(xiàng)興趣－音樂。
引述別人的話，如果照原話重復(fù)，稱為直接引語；直接引語要加引號(hào)。如果用引述者的話轉(zhuǎn)述說話的內(nèi)容，稱為間接引語；間接引語不加引號(hào)?！∪纾?BR> 直接引語 "I will try a seven time," cried Bruce."
間接引語 "Bruce said that he would try a seventh time."
1. 在把陳述句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1) 時(shí)態(tài)要一致。如：
She said:"They are very fond of sports."
She said that they were very fond of sports.
(2)人稱代詞和物主代詞要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：如：
"I've just got a letter from my sister," Jane said.
Jane said she had just got a letter from her sister.
(3) 某些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語要作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整：
Joe said:"I arrived yesterday(this morning, two days ago)."
Joe said he arrived the day before(that morning, two days before).
2. 在把特殊疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，除了要把時(shí)態(tài)、代詞、狀語作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整外，還要注意把問句的語序改為陳述句語序?！∪纾?BR> "What are you looking for, Tom?" Anne asked.
Anne asked Tom what he was looking for.
3. 在把一般疑問句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，除了上述各點(diǎn)外，還要注意在間接引語前用連詞whether或if。如：
"Have you finished reading the book,George?" Betty asked.
Betty asked whether(if) George had finished reading the book.
4. 在把祈使句由直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，要用ask,tell,order等詞，三者代表不同的口氣（請(qǐng)求、讓步、命令），如何選用要根據(jù)原話口氣決定?！∪纾?BR> "Don't be late again, Frank," the teacher said.
The teacher told Frank not to be late again.
(二) 破折號(hào)的用法
1. 破折號(hào)用來表示思想上突然的中斷或轉(zhuǎn)移?！∪纾?BR> I assure you that I－but you would not understand.我向你保證我－可你不會(huì)理解的。（表示思想的突然中斷）
2. 有時(shí)與括號(hào)相似，但不如括號(hào)正式?！∪纾篗ary comes every week －on Tuesday－to help with the laundry.瑪麗每個(gè)星期－每星期二－都來幫忙洗衣服。
3. 破折號(hào)常用來表示句子沒有結(jié)束?！∪纾篢he little boy counted one,two,three,four－and then stopped. 小男孩數(shù)了一、二、三、四－然后停住了。
4. 破折號(hào)有時(shí)表示附加或補(bǔ)充。 如：The gave him a new camera for Christmas－and a film to go with it.他們給了他一架新照相機(jī)作為圣誕禮物－還帶有一卷膠卷。
5. 破折號(hào)有時(shí)用來解釋上文?！∪纾篐e bought a house just outside the town－a magnificent building. 他在緊靠城外買了一棟房子－一棟豪華的建筑。
6. 破折號(hào)有時(shí)相當(dāng)于冒號(hào)，但不如冒號(hào)正式?！∪纾篐e has only one interest－music.他只有一項(xiàng)興趣－音樂。