薄冰實用英語語法詳解A-3a

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2、短語和從句,短語或詞組
    短語是具有一定的意義,但不構(gòu)成句子或從句的一組詞語,短語在句中可以單獨作為句子成分,短語可分為以下幾類:
    名詞短語
    1.The dictionary on the desk is mine.
    桌上的那本字典是我的
    2.I read about it in the paper.
    我在報上看到這個消息
    動詞短語
    3.We have imported some machines,but we are lack of know-hows.
    我們進口了一批機器,但缺少懂得這些進口機器性能的工作人員
    4.Has anyone see my dictionary?
    誰見到我的字典了嗎?
    不定式短語
    He wants me to help him with his English.
    他要我?guī)退麑W(xué)英語
    The children love to listen to fairy tales.
    孩子們喜歡聽童話故事
    分詞短語
    Having lived in Beijing for many years, he knew the city very well.
    因為在北京居住了多年,他對這個城市很熟悉
    The landlord followed by his wife and several children came to greet us with traditional country.
    房東帶著他的妻子和幾個孩子以那種傳統(tǒng)的禮節(jié)跑來問候我們
    Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language
    學(xué)習(xí)外語時大聲朗讀是很有
    I prefer walking to cycling.
    我愿意步行不愿意騎車
    注意:介詞短語與短語介詞的區(qū)別。介詞短語是由介詞加賓語所構(gòu)成,可以單獨作為一個句子成分;短語介詞是一個相當于介詞的詞組,不能單獨作句子成分。例如,
    介詞短語 短語介詞
    in front of the car 在車的前面 in front of 在…前面
    according to the plan 按照計劃 according to 根據(jù)
    ahead of schedule 在計劃之前,提前 ahead of 在…之前
    形容詞短語,例如 what he said is quite right. 他說的相當正確。
    The National Entrance Test of English for MA and MS candidates was extremely difficult last year.去年的全國碩士研究生入學(xué)考試英語試題特別難。
    副詞短語,例如 He runs very quickly.他跑的很快。
    You did the job quite well.你這個工作做的相當好。
    從句,由連詞、關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo),內(nèi)含主語和謂語但又不能成為一個獨立句子的一組詞,從句在句子中可用作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和同位語等句子成分