2009成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)考試:語(yǔ)法(一)

字號(hào):

定冠詞限定名詞時(shí)主要表示特指,針對(duì)TOEFL應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn):
    (1) the和可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,表示一類人或物,如:
    the fern(蕨類), the wallflower
    (2) 序數(shù)詞之前必須用the,如:
    the first woman, the nineteenth century
    但前面有物主代詞時(shí)除外,如 my first baby
    (3) 形容詞級(jí)之前必須用the(有物主代詞時(shí)除外),如:
    the largest city, the most advanced technology
    (4) of連接的名詞前多用the, 如:
    the development of the watch,
    (5) 世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的東西前應(yīng)加the, 如:
    the globe(地球),the equator(赤道), the moon, the sun
    在下列情況下,一般不用the:
    (1) 表示人名、地名、國(guó)家名等專有名詞前, 一般不加,如:
    Dennis Chavez(人名),Alaska(地名),English(英語(yǔ)), February(二月),
    America(美
    國(guó))
    但是在表示海洋、海峽、江、河、山脈、群島等專有名詞時(shí)要加上the
    the Great Lakes(美國(guó)五大湖), the Changjiang River(長(zhǎng)江)
    (2) 無(wú)特指的不可數(shù)名詞前,如:
    algebra(代數(shù)學(xué)), advertising, accounting(會(huì)計(jì)學(xué))
    (3) 表示類別的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前,如:
    Historians believe that…, Amphibians(兩棲動(dòng)物) hatch from…
    (4) 一些固定詞組中,如:
    in history, in nature, at work, at home , go to school, go to bed, in
    bed
    乘車(chē)的詞組:
    by train(乘火車(chē)), by car (乘汽車(chē)), by bicycle(騎腳踏車(chē)),
    by bus (乘公共汽車(chē)),
    by land(由陸路), by sea (由海路), by water (由水路) , by air
    (通過(guò)航空)
    on foot (步行), by plane(乘飛機(jī)), by ship (乘船),
    打球的詞組:
    play tennis, play baseball, play basketball
    注意:表示職位的詞之前的冠詞有無(wú)均可, 如:He was elected (the)
    chairman of t
    he committee.
    不可數(shù)名詞的限定詞和不可數(shù)名詞原形連用, 下面這些限定詞后面一定跟不可數(shù)名
    詞:
    much, a large amount of, a great deal of, a wealth of(大量的、豐富的)
    little /a little /less /least, a piece /sheet /slice /bar of, 屬不可數(shù)名
    詞
     專用
    另外一些詞(詞組)如such, some /any (of), most (of), a lot of, lots of,
    the re
    st of, plenty of等既可接可數(shù)名詞又可接不可數(shù)名詞。
    有些形容詞本身就具有“比….年長(zhǎng)”、“ 比…..優(yōu)越”等含義,因此也就沒(méi)有比
    較級(jí)
    和級(jí)。比如: inferior, superior, senior, anterior。這些形容詞往往和
    to連用
    ,而不和than連用。
    有些形容詞本身就具備“最、極”的含義,所以就沒(méi)有級(jí)和比較級(jí)。如:
    absolute(絕對(duì)的), unique(獨(dú)一無(wú)二的), infinite(無(wú)限的), round(圓的),
    right(對(duì)
    的), correct(正確的), wrong(錯(cuò)誤的), perfect(完美的),這類形容詞往往被稱
    為絕
    對(duì)形容詞
    對(duì)于most來(lái)講,除了構(gòu)成某些詞級(jí)外,most的用法有幾點(diǎn)需要注意,經(jīng)常成為
    改錯(cuò)
    題的考點(diǎn):
    1. 當(dāng)most表示大多數(shù)時(shí),之前不加the, 并且有兩種形式來(lái)表示大多數(shù),分別
    為:
    most + 名詞,如:most people, most Indian tribes;
    most + of + 限定詞 + 名詞或代詞,如:most of his paintings,most of us,
     m
    ost of the modern artists
    2. most有時(shí)意思等同于very, 此時(shí)most之前用不定冠詞,如:
    a most lovely girl, a most impressive proposal
    例題:
    (1)
    The most substances expand in volume when they are heated.    
    A        B   C     D
    答案:A
    應(yīng)改為:Most
    解釋:most只有在表示形容詞級(jí)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)需加定冠詞,此句表示“大多數(shù)”,
    沒(méi)必
    要加the.
    Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the crust of the Earth, but the
    nonme
    tals
        A          B      C
    oxygen and silicon are more still abundant.
           D
    考點(diǎn):程度副詞
    答案:D
    應(yīng)改為:still more
    解釋:程度副詞still修飾比較級(jí)more時(shí),應(yīng)置于其前
    幾點(diǎn)參考規(guī)則:
    1. 多數(shù)副詞放在修飾的動(dòng)詞之后,若動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)則放在賓語(yǔ)之后,如:
    She sings very well.
    I met your uncle(動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)) just now.
    I met just now your uncle (錯(cuò))
    2. 副詞修飾形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞時(shí)常放在被修飾成分之前,如:
    These two are only slightly different.
    right after this, very smoothly
    當(dāng)然,副詞enough是一個(gè)例外,要放在修飾成分的后面,如:
    I am not good enough to do this job. (對(duì))
    I am not enough good to do this job. (錯(cuò))
    3. 表示頻率的副詞常放在實(shí)意動(dòng)詞之前,be動(dòng)詞之后,如:
    He often/ always/ rarely/seldom/never play(實(shí)意動(dòng)詞) tennis.
    He is always here at 8’clock. (be動(dòng)詞之后)
    4. 部分副詞的位置沒(méi)有一定的規(guī)定,原則上接近被修飾詞即可,如:
    only, even, still, perhaps, etc.