成人英語(yǔ)三級(jí)易混淆的詞匯(十二)

字號(hào):

101.much, very
    都可表示“很”。
    much用來修飾動(dòng)詞意義很強(qiáng)的過去分詞;very一般修飾形容詞或已失去動(dòng)作意義的過去分詞。
    一些只作表語(yǔ)的形容詞,一般多用much修飾。
    very much是much的加強(qiáng)語(yǔ),因此,能用much的地方,都能用very much。
    修飾形容詞原級(jí)用very,修飾比較級(jí)用much。
    much可修飾名詞,very不能。
    102.neglect, overlook, ignore
    neglect可以是有意,也可以是無(wú)意地“忽略”或“忽視”應(yīng)該做的事。如:If others neglect their duty to you, be sure that you perform yours to them. (即使他人忽略了履行對(duì)你的義務(wù),你也要履行你對(duì)他們的義務(wù)。)
    overlook指由于粗心大意,匆忙而“看漏”或“忽略”某東西或某事實(shí)。如:His services have been overlooked by his employers.(他的工作一直沒有得到雇主的重視。)
    ignore不顧,不理,常指有意地不理,不加分析地拒絕考慮。如:She saw him coming but she ignored him.
    103.happen, occur, take place
    均表示“發(fā)生”。
    happen是常用詞,指偶然或按計(jì)劃的發(fā)生。如:When did the explosion happen?(爆炸什么時(shí)候發(fā)生?)
    occur是較正式的用詞,主要用以指無(wú)計(jì)劃的發(fā)生。
    take place多表示情況或事情按計(jì)劃發(fā)生。如:The story took place in 1917.(故事發(fā)生在1917年。)
    104.chance, opportunity, occasion
    chance多指偶然的機(jī)會(huì),意外的機(jī)會(huì),帶有僥幸的意味。如:Even so, it was a lucky chance that he could do it.(即使如此,那也是他憑著僥幸才做到這點(diǎn)。)
    opportunity主要指能夠去做某事,尤其是達(dá)到自己目的,實(shí)現(xiàn)某種愿望的好機(jī)會(huì)。如:You should make the most of your opportunities of seeing the country and learning the language.(你應(yīng)該盡量利用你的機(jī)會(huì)去看看這個(gè)國(guó)家,學(xué)習(xí)它的語(yǔ)言。)
    occasion主要指“時(shí)機(jī)”,“場(chǎng)合”,也含有“機(jī)會(huì)”的意思。如:The flags are hung out on the occasion of the National Day.(每逢國(guó)慶節(jié),國(guó)旗都懸持出來了。)
    105.persist, insist
    persist堅(jiān)持,后面常接介詞in如:He persisted in carrying on his work in spite of great fatigue.(他雖然疲倦極了,可仍堅(jiān)持工作。)
    insist堅(jiān)持,后面接介詞on,也可直接連用that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句。如:He insisted on my going there with him. (He insisted that I should go there with him.)
    106.preserve, conserve, reserve
    preserve堅(jiān)持,后面常接介詞in。如:The ship is equipped with special refrigerating devices to preserve food for the whole voyage.(船上設(shè)有特殊冷藏設(shè)備,在整個(gè)航程中保存食物。)
    conserve保存,儲(chǔ)藏,強(qiáng)調(diào)采取措施精心保護(hù)某物,防止不必要的浪費(fèi),損失或變化。如:He is conserving his energy for the last twenty-meter dash.(他正在為最后20米沖刺保存實(shí)力。)
    reserve留存(在資金,人力,原料等),保留(權(quán)力等)。如:Reserve enough money for your home fare.(留足你回家的路費(fèi)。)
    107.probable, possible, likely
    probable很可能的,大概的,語(yǔ)氣較possible強(qiáng)。如:It is probable that the cost will be greater than we think.(花費(fèi)很可能比我們料想的要多。)
    possible強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀上可能性,但常帶有“實(shí)際可能性很小”的暗示。如:It’s possible, though not probable, that he will accept these terms. (他有可能接受這些條件,但希望很小。)
    likely暗示從表面跡象來判斷“有可能的”。如:It is likely that he will come.(他多半會(huì)來。)
    108.purpose, goal, aim, end, object
    purpose目的,意圖,比較確定,多指采取堅(jiān)決的行動(dòng)
    去達(dá)到目的。如:The tutor explained the purpose of the exercise.(導(dǎo)師說明了該練習(xí)的目的。)
    goal指經(jīng)過仔細(xì)考慮而選中的比較大的目標(biāo),常需要努力或克服困難才能達(dá)到的目的。如:The goal of her desire is to be a singer.(她渴望成為一名歌唱家。)
    aim常指短期目標(biāo),往往比較具體,也比較實(shí)際。如:My first aim is to receive a complete and good education.(我的第一個(gè)目標(biāo)是接受完整和良好的教育。)
    end目標(biāo),目的,較正式。如:My chief end is to serve my country and my people.(我的首要目標(biāo)是為國(guó)為民服務(wù)。)
    object指較明確具體的單個(gè)目標(biāo),往往出于直接的需要和愿望。如:What is the object of your visit?(你訪問的目的是什么?)
    109.respectable, respected, respectful, respective
    都是形容詞。
    respectable可尊敬的,值得尊重的。如:His parents were poor but respectable.(他父母雖窮卻令人尊敬。)
    respected表示受人尊敬的,可用于對(duì)年長(zhǎng)的人,權(quán)威性的意見等。
    respectful指“充滿敬意的”,是主動(dòng)性的尊重他人。如:The students were very respectful towards the great man.(這些學(xué)生對(duì)這位偉人十分敬仰。)
    respective表“各自分別的”,修飾名詞時(shí),名詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:They went back to their respective houses.(他們回了各自的家。)
    110.round, around
    round作副詞時(shí),同around意思相近,規(guī)范用法應(yīng)區(qū)別動(dòng)態(tài)和靜態(tài)。 Round用于圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)或測(cè)量,around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.
    around用于指遍及表面或中心附近。如:The spaceship traveled round the world in 40 minutes. They planted trees around the lawn.
    111.rouse, arouse
    rouse表“激起”,語(yǔ)氣比arouse強(qiáng),常有“積極行動(dòng)”的意思。
    arouse表“引起”,動(dòng)作意味較弱,在表“喚起”意義時(shí),可用rouse換用。
    112.say, speak, talk, tell
    say著重所說的話,可用作及物動(dòng)詞,帶賓語(yǔ)從句。
    Speak著重開口發(fā)聲,不著重所說的內(nèi)容,一般作不及物動(dòng)詞,用作及物動(dòng)詞,賓語(yǔ)只能是某種語(yǔ)言等少數(shù)幾個(gè)名詞,不能接that從句。
    Talk表示通過談話方式交換意見、思想、消息等,一般只作不及物動(dòng)詞。
    Tell表示告訴,有時(shí)兼含“囑咐”,“命令”等。Tell the truth說真話,tell a lie說謊,tell a story講故事等為固定搭配。Tell是及物動(dòng)詞,但其后不跟that從句。
    113.senseless, sensible, sensitive
    senseless愚蠢的(常作定語(yǔ));無(wú)知覺的(常作表語(yǔ))。
    Sensible懂事的,明智的。如:He is a sensible child.(他是個(gè)懂事的孩子。)
    Sensitive有感覺的,敏感的。如:Eyes are very sensitive to light.(眼睛對(duì)光敏感。)