高考語(yǔ)法課堂:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)VS現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)b

字號(hào):

(4)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)往往表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)則常常不帶重復(fù)性。如:
    Have you been meeting her lately?(a)
    Have you met her lately?(b)
    (a)句有“經(jīng)常相會(huì)”之意,(b)句則沒(méi)有。(b)句如與often,every day等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,當(dāng)然也表示動(dòng)作在重復(fù)。
    (5)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)比較生動(dòng),有時(shí)含有明顯的感情色彩,而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)往往只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí),一種影響或結(jié)果,平鋪直敘,沒(méi)有什么感情色彩可言。如:
    What have you been doing?(a)
    What have you done?(b)
    (a)句表示驚異。(b)句只是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。
    Have you been waiting long?(a)
    Have you waited long?(b)
    (a)句較(b)句生動(dòng)。又,(a)句比較口語(yǔ)化。
    I have been wanting to meet you for long.(a)
    I have long wanted to meet you.(b)
    (a)句比(b)句更親切,更有禮貌。
    Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a)
    Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b)
    (a)句顯然是在表?yè)P(yáng)瑪麗。(b)只說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)。
    下面還有一例,頗為有趣:
    Who's been eating my apples?(a)
    Who's eaten my apples?(b)
    (a)句有強(qiáng)烈的感情色彩,表示憤怒不滿(mǎn),(b)句只是希望回答的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。又,(a)句兼有進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),所以有“蘋(píng)果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成時(shí)態(tài),說(shuō)明“蘋(píng)果一個(gè)不剩了”。
    (6)在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所否定的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)所否定的是狀語(yǔ)。如:
    He hasn't been speaking since three o'clock.(a)
    He hasn't spoken since three o'clock.(b)
    (a)句中所否定的不是has been speaking,而是 since three o'clock,其結(jié)構(gòu)等于He has been speaking not since three o'clock but since half past three.這是因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)本身是沒(méi)有否定結(jié)構(gòu)的原故。(b)句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)是有否定結(jié)構(gòu)的,所以(b)句中所否定的自然是has spoken,意即“從三點(diǎn)起他一直沉默不語(yǔ),未發(fā)一言”。