Text A Panic and Its Effects
本課主要單詞
1.panic vi. 恐慌，驚慌 n. 恐慌，驚慌
panic-stricken adj. 驚慌失措的
1）The crowd panicked at the ringing of the siren.（聽到警報器響，人群驚慌失措。）
2）Don't panic， Sit still keep calm.（不要驚慌，安靜地坐著保持冷靜。）
3）The little boy panicked when thinking about the punishment he might get from his master.（想到主人可能會給他的懲罰，那個小男孩驚恐不安。）
4）We didn't want to start a panic on the stock exchange.（我們不想引起證券交易恐慌。）
5）The panic-stricken mother is looking for her child.（那位驚恐萬狀的母親在尋找她的孩子。）
6）The panic-stricken crowd rushed to the emergency exit.（驚恐萬狀的人群朝緊急出處口跑去。）
（請注意，當(dāng)panic用做動詞時，其過去式是panicked，進(jìn)行式是panicking.）
2.severe adj. serious（嚴(yán)重的）；strict（嚴(yán)厲的）；艱難的
1）He felt a severe pain in his left leg.（他感到左腿一陣劇痛。）
2）They had a severe shortage of food.（他們的食品嚴(yán)重短缺。）
3）He is very severe with his children.（他對孩子們很嚴(yán)厲。）
4）He had a severe look on his face.（他臉上神色嚴(yán)肅。）
5）A severe competition is waiting for them.（激烈的競爭在等待著他們。）
6）Severe weather conditions hindered the rescue.（風(fēng)雨交加的天氣妨礙了營救。）
3.accompany vt. 陪伴；伴隨；為…伴奏
1）She asked me to accompany her to the supermarket.（她讓我陪她去超市。）
2）He was accompanied to the party by a friend.（他由朋友陪同去參加聚會。）
3）She came out of the house accompanied by her husband.（她在丈夫的陪同下走出了那座房屋。）
4）A high fever often accompanies a mild infection.（輕微的炎癥常常伴有高燒。）
4.shortness n.（長度、距離或持續(xù)的時間）短；缺乏，不足
1）The shortness of the trip relieved his anxiety.（行程的短暫減輕了他的焦慮。）
2）Shortness of breath is one of the symptoms of a heart attack.（氣急是心臟病的癥狀之一。）
short adj. 短的；近的；不足的
1）He has his hair cut short.（他剪短了頭發(fā)。）
2）The bus stop is a short walk from our school.（汽車站離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)，走一會兒就到。）
3）Water is short in this area.（這個地區(qū)缺水。）
4）We are short of hands， will you come to help us？（我們?nèi)鄙偃耸郑隳軄韼臀覀儐?？?BR> 5）They were running short of food.（他們的食品快吃完了。）
5.nearby adj. adv. 附近的；在附近
1）He was sent to the nearby hospital by his fellow workers.（他被同事送進(jìn)了附近的醫(yī)院。）
2）She threw the key into the nearby bushes.（她把鑰匙扔進(jìn)了附近的灌木叢。）
3）There is a supermarket nearby.（附近有一家超市。）
4）The car stopped nearby.（汽車在附近停下。）
6.diagnose v. 診斷；調(diào)查分析原因；判斷
dia-是一個前綴，通常表示“通過；在兩者之間”的意思。如
diagram（圖表，圖樣）；dialogue（對話）
1）The doctor diagnosed the illness as flu.（醫(yī)生診斷這病為流行性感冒。）
2）The expert is diagnosing the pupil's reading difficulties.（專家正在找尋這個學(xué)生閱讀困難的原因。）
3）It is necessary to diagnose the cause of the economic and political decline.（有必要對經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治衰退的原因進(jìn)行分析。）
diagnosis n. 診斷
1）He is sure his diagnosis will be confirmed.（他肯定自己的診斷會得以證實。）
2）The boy's fever led to a diagnosis of pneumonia.（那男孩的發(fā)燒被診斷為肺炎所致。）
7.moreover adv. 而且，此外
1）I don't want to go swimming and， moreover， it is not warm enough.（我不想去游泳，再說天氣也不夠暖和。）
2）The proposal was not well thought out； moreover， it was impractical.（這個建議本身就考慮得不周全，再說也不實際。）
8.conduct v. 處理，管理；指揮；傳導(dǎo) n. 舉止，行為
1）They are conducting a survey of the region.（他們正對那一地區(qū)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。）
2）He is conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra.（他正在指揮波士頓交響樂隊。）
3）Copper conducts electricity.（銅導(dǎo)電。）
4）His conduct at the dinner party was disgraceful.（他在晚宴上的舉止很丟人。）
5）The government's conduct of the affair was satisfactory.（政府對這件事的處理是令人滿意的。）
9.disclose v. reveal（使顯露；揭露，泄露）
1）The surgeon took off his cap and surgical mask， disclosing a young and smart face.（外科醫(yī)生除去手術(shù)帽和口罩，露出了一張年輕帥氣的臉。）
2）Make sure that he won't disclose the information to anybody.（確保他不會把消息泄露給任何人。）
3）He reluctantly disclosed his views about this issue.（他很不情愿地透露了自己對這一議題的看法。）
10.recurrent adj. happening many times（一再發(fā)生的；復(fù)發(fā)的）
recur v. happen again（再發(fā)生，再現(xiàn)；回歸）
re-是一個前綴，意思是again（再次），如：recall（回憶），renew（更新）；restore（恢復(fù)）；revisit（重游）。
cur是個詞根，意思是run（流，跑），如：excursion（遠(yuǎn)足），occur（發(fā)生），concurrent（同時的，一致的）
-ent是一個形容詞后綴，如：ardent（熱情的），obedient（服從的），prudent（謹(jǐn)慎的）
1）We should pay attention to this recurrent spelling mistake.（我們應(yīng)該注意這個經(jīng)常發(fā)生的拼寫錯誤。）
2）The recurrent dream really disturbed him.（那個一再出現(xiàn)的夢的確令他不安。）
3）If this cheating recurs， you will be expelled from school.（如果這樣的作弊行為再發(fā)生，你將被開除出校。）
4）His illness is likely to recur.（他的病可能復(fù)發(fā)。）
5）Let's recur to what you mentioned just now.（讓我們回到你剛才提到的話題上。）
11.symptom n. 征候，征兆
1）Fever is a symptom of illness.（發(fā)燒是患病的一種癥狀。）
2）Most infections are contagious before any symptoms are noticed.（許多傳染病在發(fā)現(xiàn)癥狀之前都已具有傳染性。）
3）The common symptom in these patients was poor appetite.（這些病人的共同癥狀是胃口不好。）
12.bear v. 忍受；負(fù)擔(dān)；結(jié)（果實），生（孩子）
1）It was painful of course but I bore it.（這當(dāng)然很痛苦，但我忍受住了。）
2）It would be unjust for him to bear full responsibility for this accident.（讓他為這起事故負(fù)全部責(zé)任是不公正的。）
3）She had borne him a daughter.（她為他生了個女兒。）
4）Some plants only bear fruit once every 25 years.（有些植物每25年才結(jié)果。）
請注意bear，endure，stand，tolerate，put up with的區(qū)別。這幾個詞或詞組的共同意思是“忍受”或“容忍”。
bear和stand主要指對饑寒、疼痛、不幸、損失、困難等的忍受和承受；endure主要指對重大災(zāi)禍和困難的長時間地忍受；tolerate主要指容忍和自己的愿望相反的事；put up with指某些不愉快的或有輕微傷害的事情。
bear多用于強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受的能力，不太強(qiáng)調(diào)其態(tài)度；endure則強(qiáng)調(diào)默默地、無怨言地忍受，但不屈服；stand強(qiáng)調(diào)自我約制、不屈不撓；tolerate強(qiáng)調(diào)寬恕和耐力。
bear是個普通用語，而stand，put up with多用于口語中，endure比較正式，語氣較強(qiáng)。
1）I can't bear / stand black tea.（我喝不慣紅茶。）
2）The pain was almost more than he could bear.（疼痛幾乎使他不能忍受。）
3）She had endured great pain for several years.（她已忍受了幾年極大的痛苦。）
4）I cannot put up with your behavior any longer.（我再也不能忍受你的行為了。）
5）The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams.（學(xué)校不容許作弊。）
13.victim n. 犧牲品，受害者
1）He was a victim of the second world war.（他是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的受害者。）
2）They are trying to give some help to those flood victims.（他們正試圖給水災(zāi)難民提供幫助。）
3）After about two weeks，the victim's hair started to fall out.（大約兩周后，受害人開始掉頭發(fā)。）
14.uneasy adj. 心神不安的，擔(dān)心的，憂慮的
1）He is uneasy about his future.（他為自己的前途擔(dān)憂。）
2）She looked uneasy but promised to follow his advice.（她看上去很不安，但答應(yīng)聽他的勸告。）
3）She had an uneasy feeling that she was unlikely to get the job.（她有一種不安的感覺，覺得自己不可能得到那份工作。）
4）Beneath his unease I sensed a nice nature.（在他拘謹(jǐn)?shù)耐獗硐拢腋械剿幸活w善良的心。）
5）They worried a lot about the social unease.（他們對社會的不安定感到焦慮。）
15.claim v. 聲稱，主張；對…提出要求，索取 n. 主張；斷言
1）One organization has claimed responsibility for the bombing.（已有一個組織聲稱這次爆炸是他們干的。）
2）She claimed to have told the truth.（她聲稱她說的是實話。）
3）He claimed that he had nothing to do with them.（他聲稱自己與他們毫無關(guān)系。）
4）No one came to claim on this box.（沒人來認(rèn)領(lǐng)這個盒子。）
5）An old man claimed the watch.（一位老人認(rèn)領(lǐng)了那塊手表。）
6）The matter claims our attention.（這事需要我們予以注意。）
7）They have put forward a claim for compensation.（他們已經(jīng)提出索賠。）
8）Having made such a bold claim，she finds it hard to admit she was wrong.（作出了如此大膽的斷言，她發(fā)現(xiàn)要承認(rèn)自己錯了很難。）
9）His claim to the property was denied.（他對財產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)被否決了。）
16.multiplicity n. 多種多樣，多樣性
1）We are all amazed at the multiplicity of the nature.（大自然的多樣性令我們大家驚奇。）
2）They found a multiplicity of errors in the article.（他們在文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多錯誤。）
3）How could he cope with a multiplicity of duties.（他怎能應(yīng)付這繁多的職責(zé)？）
multiple adj. 多個的，多種的；許多的
1）He got a multiple entry visa.（他簽到了多次入境簽證。）
2）They have made multiple achievements in the past five years.（在過去的五年中，他們?nèi)〉昧朔N種成就。）
17.endanger v. 危害
請注意這個詞是由動詞前綴en-加名詞danger構(gòu)成的，英語中，這一類詞很多，如encourage（鼓勵），enlist（入伍；協(xié)助），enrage（激怒），entrust（委托）等等。
1）His health is endangered by overwork.（他的健康因勞累過度而受到損害。）
2）They claimed that the herbicides would not endanger human life.（他們聲稱這些除草劑不會危及人的生命。）
18.disrupt v. 使破裂；擾亂
1）The war disrupted the economy.（戰(zhàn)爭擾亂了經(jīng)濟(jì)。）
2）Traffic was disrupted by the snow storm.（交通因暴風(fēng)雪而中斷。）
3）Their misunderstanding disrupted the partnership.（他們之間的誤解使他們散伙。）
disruption n. 破裂，混亂
1）The whole factory was in disruption.（整個工廠一片混亂。）
2）The incident led to the disruption of the family.（那件事導(dǎo)致了家庭的破裂。）
19.eventually adv. 終于，終
eventual adj. 后的，結(jié)果的
1）He eventually realized that he was wrong.（他終于意識到自己錯了。）
2）They eventually took over the company.（他們終于接管了那家公司。）
3）His mistake led to his eventual dismissal.（他的錯誤致使他終被解雇。）
4）He is sure about his eventual success.（他肯定自己終會成功。）
20.confirm v. 證實，肯定；批準(zhǔn)，確認(rèn)
1）You need to confirm your reservations 48 hours in advance.（你需要提前48小時確定預(yù)訂。）
2）The rumor is confirmed.（謠傳被證實了。）
3）Her remarks confirmed me in my belief that the young man was innocent.
（她的話使我進(jìn)一步認(rèn)定那個年輕男子是清白的。）
4）The United Nations has confirmed the treaty.（聯(lián)合國已批準(zhǔn)了這項條約。）
本課簡介
越來越多的美國人會在一生中或多次地經(jīng)歷驚嚇癥。驚嚇癥的癥狀與心臟病的癥狀極其相似，于是得了驚嚇癥的 人往往誤認(rèn)為自己得了心臟病。那么驚嚇癥與心臟病如何區(qū)別？心臟病的癥狀只是氣急和疼痛，而驚嚇癥則會有如下的表現(xiàn)：1）對一些極尋常的情況驚恐不安； 2）氣急、胸痛。心跳加快，突然發(fā)抖，周圍的人或物變得虛幻；3）恐懼死亡或瘋狂；4）發(fā)病年齡在20-30歲；5）女性多于男性； 6）癥狀多樣化；7）大量飲酒和使用藥物的人多發(fā)。驚嚇癥雖然不會對人的生命產(chǎn)生直接危害，但是專家們建議好向醫(yī)生咨詢，如果確實患有驚嚇癥，則需要心 理和藥物治療。
本課主要語言點(diǎn)
1.…suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by shortness of breath.
哪個部位的疼痛，通常用pain in…來表示，比如：a pain in the abdomen（腹部疼痛），a pain in the chest（胸部疼痛）。當(dāng)然我們也可以用abdomen pain，chest pain 來表達(dá)。而a pain in the neck 則是指“令人討厭或惱火的人或事”）。
pain是個常用詞，可以做名詞用也可以做動詞用。
1）No pains， no gains.（不勞則無獲。）
2）Father went to great pains to stress the importance of independence.（父親煞費(fèi)苦心地強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立的重要性。）
3）The death of his daughter gave the old man much pain. （女兒的去世令那位老人極為悲痛。）
4）My left leg is paining.（我的左腿痛。）
5）It pains her to see him thinner from illness.（看到他因病日漸消瘦，她心里很難過。）
be accompanied by 意為“由…伴隨”；如：
1）He burst into the room accompanied by his body guards.（他在保鏢的伴隨下闖進(jìn)屋里。）
2）Pneumonia is often accompanied by fever and cough. （肺炎常常伴有發(fā)燒和咳嗽。）
2.Her husband immediately rushed Anne to a nearby hospital where her pains were diagnosed as having been caused by panic， and not a heart attack.
請注意“rush”在本句中的用法。在此作及物動詞用。如：
1）He rushed the tourists round the sights. （他帶著游客們匆匆參觀了各處名勝。）
2）The ambulance rushed him to a hospital.（救護(hù)車火速送他進(jìn)醫(yī)院。）
3）Let me think about it and don't rush me.（讓我把這件事想一下，別催我。）
在大多數(shù)情況下rush作不及物動詞和名詞用。如：
1）The rain rushed against the house.（暴雨沖打著屋子。）
2）The reporters are rushing to the scene.（記者們正趕往現(xiàn)場。）
3）Blood rushed to his face when the young man offered to buy him a pudding.（當(dāng)那位年輕人提出給他買個蛋糕時，血涌上了他的臉。）
4）There is no rush.（不用急急忙忙的。）
5）She felt a sudden rush of dizziness.（她感到一陣眩暈。）
6） He went to America during the Californian gold rush.（他在加利福尼亞淘金熱時去了美國。）
nearby 可以做形容詞用，也可以做副詞用，在本句中用作形容詞，修飾其后的名詞hospital.
diagnose…as… 把…診斷為…，如：
1）His failure was diagnosed as being caused by carelessness.（他的失敗被判定為由粗心所致。）
2）The doctor diagnosed her illness as diabetes.（醫(yī)生診斷她的病是糖尿病。）
因為句子中的as是介詞，在介詞后要用動名詞，又由于需用被動語態(tài)，所以出現(xiàn)了having been caused by的形式。
3.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters.
本句中的like是一個出現(xiàn)頻率很高的詞，在下列例句中，like用作介詞：
1）She is like a bird.（如像鳥兒一樣。）
2）It was not like him to forget her birthday.（他才不會把她的生日忘記呢。）
3）I feel like sleeping.（我想睡覺。）
4）It looks like a clear day tomorrow. （明天看來會是晴天。）
5）He acts like a grown up person.（他的舉止行動像成人。）
experienced by Anne Peters 在句子中做定語，修飾the one .
1）I don't like the one chosen by him.（我不喜歡他選擇的那一個。）
2）The camera bought by Xiao Li is stolen.（小李買的那個相機(jī)被偷了。）
4.The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.
通常我們用so…that…。 表示“如此……以致于……” .本句中的such ，是因為so只能用來修飾形容詞和副詞，而名詞（名詞短語）則要用 such 來修飾，如：
1）He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.（他跑得這樣快，沒人能趕上他。）
2）This book is so interesting that he doesn't want to put is down.（這本書太有意思了，他都不想把書放下。）
3）It was such a sunny day that he wanted to go out to enjoy the warm sunshine.（天氣如此睛朗，他想出去享受這溫暖的陽光。）
在形容詞similar的后面通常用介詞 to，使用名詞 similarity 時，其后也用 to.如：
1）My problems are similar to yours.（我的問題與你的類似。）
2）The two cats are similar to each other in appearance and size.（這兩只貓的模樣和大小相仿。）
3）Liverpool has a certain similarity to Marseilles.（利物浦和馬賽有某種相像。）
句子中的those 代指symptoms.
5.A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.
請注意本句中seize這個動詞的詞意及用法。
1）抓??；抓?。〞r機(jī)等），利用
The police seized him by the collar.（警察抓住了他的衣領(lǐng)。）
Seizing the bowl， he ran off through the door.（他抓起碗沖出門去。）
He seized the chance to study abroad.（他抓住了那次去國外學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。）
2）逮捕
He was seized outside the city.（他在市郊被捕獲。）
The escaped prisoner was seized on Sunday.（逃犯于周日被抓獲。）
3）（常用被動語態(tài)）（疾病）侵襲；（情緒）支配
The old man was seized by a stroke.（那位老人中風(fēng)了。）
She was seized with jealousy.（她妒火中燒。）
Panic seized the people in the cave.（洞里的人們驚慌失措。）
“seize”也可用不及物動詞，如：
1）He would seize on （upon） any excuse to justify himself.（他會利用一切借口為自己辯解。）
2）He was determined to seize on （upon） the opportunity to leave his employer a good impression.（他決心抓住這個機(jī)會給他的雇主留下好印象。）
6.There has been a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks.
本句中的as to 意思是about（關(guān)于），如：
1）John has been given no directions as to what to write. （沒人對約翰說明該寫什么。）
2）I have no doubt as to his honesty.（對他的誠實，我毫無疑問。）
3）I was asked my opinion as to why he refused our help.（對他為什么拒絕我們的幫助，我被要求發(fā)現(xiàn)見解。）
7.It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack.
It + be + -ed 分詞 +that從句……that引導(dǎo)的是一個主語從句， it 做形式主語放在句首。如：
1）It is often stated that Shakespeare was born on April 23， 1564.（人們常說莎士比亞生于1564年4月23日。）
2）It is believed that he has told the truth.（人們相信他說了實話。）
3）It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.（眾所周知，光以直線運(yùn)行。）
rather than在本句中的意思是“不是……而是……”，如：
1）He lay rather than sat in his armchair.（他躺在扶手椅里而不是坐在里面。）
2）The freckles over her face were an added attraction rather than otherwise.（她臉上的雀斑不但無損容貌反而令她更動人。）
8.Dr. Crocker's advice to any person who thinks he is suffering from a panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical examination to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first.
to在本句中用作介詞，advice to sb. 意為“給某人的勸告”，如：
1）My advice to you is that you should be more polite to other people.（我對你的勸告是你應(yīng)該對別人更禮貌一些。）
2）The teacher's advice to me was to study harder.（老師勸我學(xué)習(xí)更努力。）
consult在本句中的意思是“請教，咨詢”，如：
1）He consulted the doctor about his illness.（他找那位醫(yī)生看病。）
2）Your baby is losing weight， you should consult your doctor promptly.（你的孩子體重在下降，你應(yīng)該立即去向醫(yī)生咨詢。）
rule out的意思是“排除”，如：
1）Police have ruled out murder but are still holding several people for questioning.（警方排除他殺的可能，但仍留了一些人審問。
2）He ruled out the possibility that he could fight again.（他排除了再度出戰(zhàn)的可能性。）
本課主要詞組
1.be accompanied by
2.shortness of
3.rush sb. to （a place）
4.be caused by
5.suffer from
6.bear similarity to
7.most of all
8.be seized by
9.as to
10.rather than
11.be isolated from
12.rule out
13.at least
14.as yet
15.be likely to
16.all the same
Text B Sleepwalking——Fact or Fancy？
短語表達(dá)
1.search for
All his life he has been searching for the meaning of life.
The police are searching for the escaped prisoner in the wood.
2.in the middle
Don't disturb him， he is in the middle of a meeting.
He is standing in the middle of the room enraged.
3.border on
The American people's respect for President Lincoln borders on worship.
China borders on Mongolia in the north.
4.put…on record
Students' performance at school is usually put on record.
The criminal cases are all put on record.
5.wake up
He had a lot of difficulty waking up so early in the morning.
The noise outside woke him up.
6.take measures
Effective measures have to be taken to control pollution.
They have taken some measures to rid the boy of his bad habit.
7.outgrow
The boy will outgrow the jacket in a year.
I believe he will outgrow the habit when he is older.
本課主要單詞
1.panic vi. 恐慌，驚慌 n. 恐慌，驚慌
panic-stricken adj. 驚慌失措的
1）The crowd panicked at the ringing of the siren.（聽到警報器響，人群驚慌失措。）
2）Don't panic， Sit still keep calm.（不要驚慌，安靜地坐著保持冷靜。）
3）The little boy panicked when thinking about the punishment he might get from his master.（想到主人可能會給他的懲罰，那個小男孩驚恐不安。）
4）We didn't want to start a panic on the stock exchange.（我們不想引起證券交易恐慌。）
5）The panic-stricken mother is looking for her child.（那位驚恐萬狀的母親在尋找她的孩子。）
6）The panic-stricken crowd rushed to the emergency exit.（驚恐萬狀的人群朝緊急出處口跑去。）
（請注意，當(dāng)panic用做動詞時，其過去式是panicked，進(jìn)行式是panicking.）
2.severe adj. serious（嚴(yán)重的）；strict（嚴(yán)厲的）；艱難的
1）He felt a severe pain in his left leg.（他感到左腿一陣劇痛。）
2）They had a severe shortage of food.（他們的食品嚴(yán)重短缺。）
3）He is very severe with his children.（他對孩子們很嚴(yán)厲。）
4）He had a severe look on his face.（他臉上神色嚴(yán)肅。）
5）A severe competition is waiting for them.（激烈的競爭在等待著他們。）
6）Severe weather conditions hindered the rescue.（風(fēng)雨交加的天氣妨礙了營救。）
3.accompany vt. 陪伴；伴隨；為…伴奏
1）She asked me to accompany her to the supermarket.（她讓我陪她去超市。）
2）He was accompanied to the party by a friend.（他由朋友陪同去參加聚會。）
3）She came out of the house accompanied by her husband.（她在丈夫的陪同下走出了那座房屋。）
4）A high fever often accompanies a mild infection.（輕微的炎癥常常伴有高燒。）
4.shortness n.（長度、距離或持續(xù)的時間）短；缺乏，不足
1）The shortness of the trip relieved his anxiety.（行程的短暫減輕了他的焦慮。）
2）Shortness of breath is one of the symptoms of a heart attack.（氣急是心臟病的癥狀之一。）
short adj. 短的；近的；不足的
1）He has his hair cut short.（他剪短了頭發(fā)。）
2）The bus stop is a short walk from our school.（汽車站離我們學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)，走一會兒就到。）
3）Water is short in this area.（這個地區(qū)缺水。）
4）We are short of hands， will you come to help us？（我們?nèi)鄙偃耸郑隳軄韼臀覀儐?？?BR> 5）They were running short of food.（他們的食品快吃完了。）
5.nearby adj. adv. 附近的；在附近
1）He was sent to the nearby hospital by his fellow workers.（他被同事送進(jìn)了附近的醫(yī)院。）
2）She threw the key into the nearby bushes.（她把鑰匙扔進(jìn)了附近的灌木叢。）
3）There is a supermarket nearby.（附近有一家超市。）
4）The car stopped nearby.（汽車在附近停下。）
6.diagnose v. 診斷；調(diào)查分析原因；判斷
dia-是一個前綴，通常表示“通過；在兩者之間”的意思。如
diagram（圖表，圖樣）；dialogue（對話）
1）The doctor diagnosed the illness as flu.（醫(yī)生診斷這病為流行性感冒。）
2）The expert is diagnosing the pupil's reading difficulties.（專家正在找尋這個學(xué)生閱讀困難的原因。）
3）It is necessary to diagnose the cause of the economic and political decline.（有必要對經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治衰退的原因進(jìn)行分析。）
diagnosis n. 診斷
1）He is sure his diagnosis will be confirmed.（他肯定自己的診斷會得以證實。）
2）The boy's fever led to a diagnosis of pneumonia.（那男孩的發(fā)燒被診斷為肺炎所致。）
7.moreover adv. 而且，此外
1）I don't want to go swimming and， moreover， it is not warm enough.（我不想去游泳，再說天氣也不夠暖和。）
2）The proposal was not well thought out； moreover， it was impractical.（這個建議本身就考慮得不周全，再說也不實際。）
8.conduct v. 處理，管理；指揮；傳導(dǎo) n. 舉止，行為
1）They are conducting a survey of the region.（他們正對那一地區(qū)進(jìn)行調(diào)查。）
2）He is conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra.（他正在指揮波士頓交響樂隊。）
3）Copper conducts electricity.（銅導(dǎo)電。）
4）His conduct at the dinner party was disgraceful.（他在晚宴上的舉止很丟人。）
5）The government's conduct of the affair was satisfactory.（政府對這件事的處理是令人滿意的。）
9.disclose v. reveal（使顯露；揭露，泄露）
1）The surgeon took off his cap and surgical mask， disclosing a young and smart face.（外科醫(yī)生除去手術(shù)帽和口罩，露出了一張年輕帥氣的臉。）
2）Make sure that he won't disclose the information to anybody.（確保他不會把消息泄露給任何人。）
3）He reluctantly disclosed his views about this issue.（他很不情愿地透露了自己對這一議題的看法。）
10.recurrent adj. happening many times（一再發(fā)生的；復(fù)發(fā)的）
recur v. happen again（再發(fā)生，再現(xiàn)；回歸）
re-是一個前綴，意思是again（再次），如：recall（回憶），renew（更新）；restore（恢復(fù)）；revisit（重游）。
cur是個詞根，意思是run（流，跑），如：excursion（遠(yuǎn)足），occur（發(fā)生），concurrent（同時的，一致的）
-ent是一個形容詞后綴，如：ardent（熱情的），obedient（服從的），prudent（謹(jǐn)慎的）
1）We should pay attention to this recurrent spelling mistake.（我們應(yīng)該注意這個經(jīng)常發(fā)生的拼寫錯誤。）
2）The recurrent dream really disturbed him.（那個一再出現(xiàn)的夢的確令他不安。）
3）If this cheating recurs， you will be expelled from school.（如果這樣的作弊行為再發(fā)生，你將被開除出校。）
4）His illness is likely to recur.（他的病可能復(fù)發(fā)。）
5）Let's recur to what you mentioned just now.（讓我們回到你剛才提到的話題上。）
11.symptom n. 征候，征兆
1）Fever is a symptom of illness.（發(fā)燒是患病的一種癥狀。）
2）Most infections are contagious before any symptoms are noticed.（許多傳染病在發(fā)現(xiàn)癥狀之前都已具有傳染性。）
3）The common symptom in these patients was poor appetite.（這些病人的共同癥狀是胃口不好。）
12.bear v. 忍受；負(fù)擔(dān)；結(jié)（果實），生（孩子）
1）It was painful of course but I bore it.（這當(dāng)然很痛苦，但我忍受住了。）
2）It would be unjust for him to bear full responsibility for this accident.（讓他為這起事故負(fù)全部責(zé)任是不公正的。）
3）She had borne him a daughter.（她為他生了個女兒。）
4）Some plants only bear fruit once every 25 years.（有些植物每25年才結(jié)果。）
請注意bear，endure，stand，tolerate，put up with的區(qū)別。這幾個詞或詞組的共同意思是“忍受”或“容忍”。
bear和stand主要指對饑寒、疼痛、不幸、損失、困難等的忍受和承受；endure主要指對重大災(zāi)禍和困難的長時間地忍受；tolerate主要指容忍和自己的愿望相反的事；put up with指某些不愉快的或有輕微傷害的事情。
bear多用于強(qiáng)調(diào)忍受的能力，不太強(qiáng)調(diào)其態(tài)度；endure則強(qiáng)調(diào)默默地、無怨言地忍受，但不屈服；stand強(qiáng)調(diào)自我約制、不屈不撓；tolerate強(qiáng)調(diào)寬恕和耐力。
bear是個普通用語，而stand，put up with多用于口語中，endure比較正式，語氣較強(qiáng)。
1）I can't bear / stand black tea.（我喝不慣紅茶。）
2）The pain was almost more than he could bear.（疼痛幾乎使他不能忍受。）
3）She had endured great pain for several years.（她已忍受了幾年極大的痛苦。）
4）I cannot put up with your behavior any longer.（我再也不能忍受你的行為了。）
5）The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams.（學(xué)校不容許作弊。）
13.victim n. 犧牲品，受害者
1）He was a victim of the second world war.（他是第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的受害者。）
2）They are trying to give some help to those flood victims.（他們正試圖給水災(zāi)難民提供幫助。）
3）After about two weeks，the victim's hair started to fall out.（大約兩周后，受害人開始掉頭發(fā)。）
14.uneasy adj. 心神不安的，擔(dān)心的，憂慮的
1）He is uneasy about his future.（他為自己的前途擔(dān)憂。）
2）She looked uneasy but promised to follow his advice.（她看上去很不安，但答應(yīng)聽他的勸告。）
3）She had an uneasy feeling that she was unlikely to get the job.（她有一種不安的感覺，覺得自己不可能得到那份工作。）
4）Beneath his unease I sensed a nice nature.（在他拘謹(jǐn)?shù)耐獗硐拢腋械剿幸活w善良的心。）
5）They worried a lot about the social unease.（他們對社會的不安定感到焦慮。）
15.claim v. 聲稱，主張；對…提出要求，索取 n. 主張；斷言
1）One organization has claimed responsibility for the bombing.（已有一個組織聲稱這次爆炸是他們干的。）
2）She claimed to have told the truth.（她聲稱她說的是實話。）
3）He claimed that he had nothing to do with them.（他聲稱自己與他們毫無關(guān)系。）
4）No one came to claim on this box.（沒人來認(rèn)領(lǐng)這個盒子。）
5）An old man claimed the watch.（一位老人認(rèn)領(lǐng)了那塊手表。）
6）The matter claims our attention.（這事需要我們予以注意。）
7）They have put forward a claim for compensation.（他們已經(jīng)提出索賠。）
8）Having made such a bold claim，she finds it hard to admit she was wrong.（作出了如此大膽的斷言，她發(fā)現(xiàn)要承認(rèn)自己錯了很難。）
9）His claim to the property was denied.（他對財產(chǎn)的所有權(quán)被否決了。）
16.multiplicity n. 多種多樣，多樣性
1）We are all amazed at the multiplicity of the nature.（大自然的多樣性令我們大家驚奇。）
2）They found a multiplicity of errors in the article.（他們在文章中發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多錯誤。）
3）How could he cope with a multiplicity of duties.（他怎能應(yīng)付這繁多的職責(zé)？）
multiple adj. 多個的，多種的；許多的
1）He got a multiple entry visa.（他簽到了多次入境簽證。）
2）They have made multiple achievements in the past five years.（在過去的五年中，他們?nèi)〉昧朔N種成就。）
17.endanger v. 危害
請注意這個詞是由動詞前綴en-加名詞danger構(gòu)成的，英語中，這一類詞很多，如encourage（鼓勵），enlist（入伍；協(xié)助），enrage（激怒），entrust（委托）等等。
1）His health is endangered by overwork.（他的健康因勞累過度而受到損害。）
2）They claimed that the herbicides would not endanger human life.（他們聲稱這些除草劑不會危及人的生命。）
18.disrupt v. 使破裂；擾亂
1）The war disrupted the economy.（戰(zhàn)爭擾亂了經(jīng)濟(jì)。）
2）Traffic was disrupted by the snow storm.（交通因暴風(fēng)雪而中斷。）
3）Their misunderstanding disrupted the partnership.（他們之間的誤解使他們散伙。）
disruption n. 破裂，混亂
1）The whole factory was in disruption.（整個工廠一片混亂。）
2）The incident led to the disruption of the family.（那件事導(dǎo)致了家庭的破裂。）
19.eventually adv. 終于，終
eventual adj. 后的，結(jié)果的
1）He eventually realized that he was wrong.（他終于意識到自己錯了。）
2）They eventually took over the company.（他們終于接管了那家公司。）
3）His mistake led to his eventual dismissal.（他的錯誤致使他終被解雇。）
4）He is sure about his eventual success.（他肯定自己終會成功。）
20.confirm v. 證實，肯定；批準(zhǔn)，確認(rèn)
1）You need to confirm your reservations 48 hours in advance.（你需要提前48小時確定預(yù)訂。）
2）The rumor is confirmed.（謠傳被證實了。）
3）Her remarks confirmed me in my belief that the young man was innocent.
（她的話使我進(jìn)一步認(rèn)定那個年輕男子是清白的。）
4）The United Nations has confirmed the treaty.（聯(lián)合國已批準(zhǔn)了這項條約。）
本課簡介
越來越多的美國人會在一生中或多次地經(jīng)歷驚嚇癥。驚嚇癥的癥狀與心臟病的癥狀極其相似，于是得了驚嚇癥的 人往往誤認(rèn)為自己得了心臟病。那么驚嚇癥與心臟病如何區(qū)別？心臟病的癥狀只是氣急和疼痛，而驚嚇癥則會有如下的表現(xiàn)：1）對一些極尋常的情況驚恐不安； 2）氣急、胸痛。心跳加快，突然發(fā)抖，周圍的人或物變得虛幻；3）恐懼死亡或瘋狂；4）發(fā)病年齡在20-30歲；5）女性多于男性； 6）癥狀多樣化；7）大量飲酒和使用藥物的人多發(fā)。驚嚇癥雖然不會對人的生命產(chǎn)生直接危害，但是專家們建議好向醫(yī)生咨詢，如果確實患有驚嚇癥，則需要心 理和藥物治療。
本課主要語言點(diǎn)
1.…suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by shortness of breath.
哪個部位的疼痛，通常用pain in…來表示，比如：a pain in the abdomen（腹部疼痛），a pain in the chest（胸部疼痛）。當(dāng)然我們也可以用abdomen pain，chest pain 來表達(dá)。而a pain in the neck 則是指“令人討厭或惱火的人或事”）。
pain是個常用詞，可以做名詞用也可以做動詞用。
1）No pains， no gains.（不勞則無獲。）
2）Father went to great pains to stress the importance of independence.（父親煞費(fèi)苦心地強(qiáng)調(diào)獨(dú)立的重要性。）
3）The death of his daughter gave the old man much pain. （女兒的去世令那位老人極為悲痛。）
4）My left leg is paining.（我的左腿痛。）
5）It pains her to see him thinner from illness.（看到他因病日漸消瘦，她心里很難過。）
be accompanied by 意為“由…伴隨”；如：
1）He burst into the room accompanied by his body guards.（他在保鏢的伴隨下闖進(jìn)屋里。）
2）Pneumonia is often accompanied by fever and cough. （肺炎常常伴有發(fā)燒和咳嗽。）
2.Her husband immediately rushed Anne to a nearby hospital where her pains were diagnosed as having been caused by panic， and not a heart attack.
請注意“rush”在本句中的用法。在此作及物動詞用。如：
1）He rushed the tourists round the sights. （他帶著游客們匆匆參觀了各處名勝。）
2）The ambulance rushed him to a hospital.（救護(hù)車火速送他進(jìn)醫(yī)院。）
3）Let me think about it and don't rush me.（讓我把這件事想一下，別催我。）
在大多數(shù)情況下rush作不及物動詞和名詞用。如：
1）The rain rushed against the house.（暴雨沖打著屋子。）
2）The reporters are rushing to the scene.（記者們正趕往現(xiàn)場。）
3）Blood rushed to his face when the young man offered to buy him a pudding.（當(dāng)那位年輕人提出給他買個蛋糕時，血涌上了他的臉。）
4）There is no rush.（不用急急忙忙的。）
5）She felt a sudden rush of dizziness.（她感到一陣眩暈。）
6） He went to America during the Californian gold rush.（他在加利福尼亞淘金熱時去了美國。）
nearby 可以做形容詞用，也可以做副詞用，在本句中用作形容詞，修飾其后的名詞hospital.
diagnose…as… 把…診斷為…，如：
1）His failure was diagnosed as being caused by carelessness.（他的失敗被判定為由粗心所致。）
2）The doctor diagnosed her illness as diabetes.（醫(yī)生診斷她的病是糖尿病。）
因為句子中的as是介詞，在介詞后要用動名詞，又由于需用被動語態(tài)，所以出現(xiàn)了having been caused by的形式。
3.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters.
本句中的like是一個出現(xiàn)頻率很高的詞，在下列例句中，like用作介詞：
1）She is like a bird.（如像鳥兒一樣。）
2）It was not like him to forget her birthday.（他才不會把她的生日忘記呢。）
3）I feel like sleeping.（我想睡覺。）
4）It looks like a clear day tomorrow. （明天看來會是晴天。）
5）He acts like a grown up person.（他的舉止行動像成人。）
experienced by Anne Peters 在句子中做定語，修飾the one .
1）I don't like the one chosen by him.（我不喜歡他選擇的那一個。）
2）The camera bought by Xiao Li is stolen.（小李買的那個相機(jī)被偷了。）
4.The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.
通常我們用so…that…。 表示“如此……以致于……” .本句中的such ，是因為so只能用來修飾形容詞和副詞，而名詞（名詞短語）則要用 such 來修飾，如：
1）He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.（他跑得這樣快，沒人能趕上他。）
2）This book is so interesting that he doesn't want to put is down.（這本書太有意思了，他都不想把書放下。）
3）It was such a sunny day that he wanted to go out to enjoy the warm sunshine.（天氣如此睛朗，他想出去享受這溫暖的陽光。）
在形容詞similar的后面通常用介詞 to，使用名詞 similarity 時，其后也用 to.如：
1）My problems are similar to yours.（我的問題與你的類似。）
2）The two cats are similar to each other in appearance and size.（這兩只貓的模樣和大小相仿。）
3）Liverpool has a certain similarity to Marseilles.（利物浦和馬賽有某種相像。）
句子中的those 代指symptoms.
5.A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.
請注意本句中seize這個動詞的詞意及用法。
1）抓??；抓?。〞r機(jī)等），利用
The police seized him by the collar.（警察抓住了他的衣領(lǐng)。）
Seizing the bowl， he ran off through the door.（他抓起碗沖出門去。）
He seized the chance to study abroad.（他抓住了那次去國外學(xué)習(xí)的機(jī)會。）
2）逮捕
He was seized outside the city.（他在市郊被捕獲。）
The escaped prisoner was seized on Sunday.（逃犯于周日被抓獲。）
3）（常用被動語態(tài)）（疾病）侵襲；（情緒）支配
The old man was seized by a stroke.（那位老人中風(fēng)了。）
She was seized with jealousy.（她妒火中燒。）
Panic seized the people in the cave.（洞里的人們驚慌失措。）
“seize”也可用不及物動詞，如：
1）He would seize on （upon） any excuse to justify himself.（他會利用一切借口為自己辯解。）
2）He was determined to seize on （upon） the opportunity to leave his employer a good impression.（他決心抓住這個機(jī)會給他的雇主留下好印象。）
6.There has been a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks.
本句中的as to 意思是about（關(guān)于），如：
1）John has been given no directions as to what to write. （沒人對約翰說明該寫什么。）
2）I have no doubt as to his honesty.（對他的誠實，我毫無疑問。）
3）I was asked my opinion as to why he refused our help.（對他為什么拒絕我們的幫助，我被要求發(fā)現(xiàn)見解。）
7.It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack.
It + be + -ed 分詞 +that從句……that引導(dǎo)的是一個主語從句， it 做形式主語放在句首。如：
1）It is often stated that Shakespeare was born on April 23， 1564.（人們常說莎士比亞生于1564年4月23日。）
2）It is believed that he has told the truth.（人們相信他說了實話。）
3）It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.（眾所周知，光以直線運(yùn)行。）
rather than在本句中的意思是“不是……而是……”，如：
1）He lay rather than sat in his armchair.（他躺在扶手椅里而不是坐在里面。）
2）The freckles over her face were an added attraction rather than otherwise.（她臉上的雀斑不但無損容貌反而令她更動人。）
8.Dr. Crocker's advice to any person who thinks he is suffering from a panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical examination to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first.
to在本句中用作介詞，advice to sb. 意為“給某人的勸告”，如：
1）My advice to you is that you should be more polite to other people.（我對你的勸告是你應(yīng)該對別人更禮貌一些。）
2）The teacher's advice to me was to study harder.（老師勸我學(xué)習(xí)更努力。）
consult在本句中的意思是“請教，咨詢”，如：
1）He consulted the doctor about his illness.（他找那位醫(yī)生看病。）
2）Your baby is losing weight， you should consult your doctor promptly.（你的孩子體重在下降，你應(yīng)該立即去向醫(yī)生咨詢。）
rule out的意思是“排除”，如：
1）Police have ruled out murder but are still holding several people for questioning.（警方排除他殺的可能，但仍留了一些人審問。
2）He ruled out the possibility that he could fight again.（他排除了再度出戰(zhàn)的可能性。）
本課主要詞組
1.be accompanied by
2.shortness of
3.rush sb. to （a place）
4.be caused by
5.suffer from
6.bear similarity to
7.most of all
8.be seized by
9.as to
10.rather than
11.be isolated from
12.rule out
13.at least
14.as yet
15.be likely to
16.all the same
Text B Sleepwalking——Fact or Fancy？
短語表達(dá)
1.search for
All his life he has been searching for the meaning of life.
The police are searching for the escaped prisoner in the wood.
2.in the middle
Don't disturb him， he is in the middle of a meeting.
He is standing in the middle of the room enraged.
3.border on
The American people's respect for President Lincoln borders on worship.
China borders on Mongolia in the north.
4.put…on record
Students' performance at school is usually put on record.
The criminal cases are all put on record.
5.wake up
He had a lot of difficulty waking up so early in the morning.
The noise outside woke him up.
6.take measures
Effective measures have to be taken to control pollution.
They have taken some measures to rid the boy of his bad habit.
7.outgrow
The boy will outgrow the jacket in a year.
I believe he will outgrow the habit when he is older.