強(qiáng)調(diào)句
強(qiáng)調(diào)句在這里特指it is … that… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句,它可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子中的主語賓語和狀語等多種成分。下面我們就結(jié)合出現(xiàn)在歷年高考閱讀真題中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句來造句:
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:
原句:It is social conditions that make people tell lies.
(1998年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:It is zoo that should be moved out of the city。
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語:
原句:It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross
that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was
wasting his time there.
(2002年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:It was in the year of 1906 that the zoo opened。
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語:
原句:It was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries.
(2002年春季卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:It is at home and abroad that the zoo, built in 1906, is well-known.
雙重否定
雙重否定是一種“負(fù)負(fù)得正”的常見句型,以否定的形式加否定的詞語來表示無以復(fù)加的肯定概念。本來平直的敘述可以通過這種小巧的變化引起讀者注意,增加表達(dá)效果。
原句:John and Jim are not unusual people. (1998年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:Changing to a better place is not an unusual way of development.
原句:Decision-thinking is not unlike poker. (2000年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:Beijing Zoo is not unlike other parks that could hardly stand
the increasing number of tourists.
原句:It wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s
marriage was in serious trouble. (2001年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
改寫:It was not unusual to hear a man back form the zoo complain
about the traffic jams on his way there.
任何一句正常的陳述句都可以通過改造變化為強(qiáng)調(diào)句或雙重否定,也就是說固定句型的表達(dá)形式是和具體內(nèi)容無關(guān)的。那我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)就不妨通過閱讀積累這樣的模版句,到考場(chǎng)上直接套用為文章錦上添花。
語法
語法是人們通過語言實(shí)踐總結(jié)出來的遣詞造句的規(guī)則,是我們?cè)诶谜Z言進(jìn)行信息交流時(shí)所應(yīng)遵循的模式。良好的語法功底對(duì)語言的學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的促進(jìn)作用,起到事半功倍的效果。通過閱讀掌握的語法是在具體語篇中的語法,是鮮活生動(dòng)的語法,是可以有效借鑒到寫作環(huán)節(jié)中的語法。以虛擬語氣為例,這種語法現(xiàn)象在高考語法單項(xiàng)選擇題中的考查已經(jīng)逐年淡化,但是在閱讀中還是偶爾露崢嶸。如果我們通過閱讀掌握了一兩個(gè)虛擬語氣的表達(dá)法,一旦靈活運(yùn)用到寫作當(dāng)中,就會(huì)起到非常好的表達(dá)效果。在2001年全國卷閱讀理解真題的文章中,曾經(jīng)有這樣一句:If this state of affairs had lasted, English today
would be close to German. 實(shí)質(zhì)上無非說的是:“這種情況沒有持續(xù),今日的英語已經(jīng)離德語很遠(yuǎn)了。”我們?nèi)绻ㄟ^閱讀掌握了這個(gè)句子背后的語言點(diǎn)——虛擬語氣,不妨直接借鑒到書面表達(dá)的寫作中來,進(jìn)行仿寫:
If the zoo had built out of the city form the beginning,
it would be far less famous.
如果當(dāng)初動(dòng)物園就建在城外的話,它也不會(huì)這么有名氣了。(可用于2005年書面表達(dá))
If the state had lasted, the school would be a less interesting place.
如果(減負(fù)之前的)情況持續(xù)的話,我們現(xiàn)在的學(xué)習(xí)生活也不會(huì)這么有趣。(可用于2001書面表達(dá)題)。
If Ah Fu had not saved her life, I would lose my little sister forever.
如果不是阿福救了她,我就會(huì)失去我的妹妹。(可用于2002書面表達(dá)題)
這些例子看上去很高級(jí)很復(fù)雜,其實(shí)不過是從2001年全國卷閱讀理解文章中的那句“If this state of affairs had lasted, …”進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單轉(zhuǎn)化而來。如果同學(xué)們有意識(shí)進(jìn)行積累,就可以通過簡(jiǎn)單的例子來掌握復(fù)雜的語法現(xiàn)象,并用于書面表達(dá)的寫作中來。
結(jié)構(gòu)
上文說過,英語是一門高度重視表達(dá)形式的形合語言,要求文字上有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性。而邏輯在語言上的體現(xiàn)就是結(jié)構(gòu)和順序。例如平行結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中很常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)套路,兩根主線平行發(fā)展,就像俗語說的“花開兩朵,各表一枝”。2001年高考全國卷閱讀理解的E篇是一篇關(guān)于男女友誼的文章,大量使用了平行結(jié)構(gòu),其中有一段涉及到對(duì)比對(duì)照的段落如下: “In general,” writes Rubin in her new book, “women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities” For the most part, Rubin says, interactions between men are emotionally controlled—a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior?!?BR> 如果我們加以模仿和改寫,就可將其放進(jìn)我們2005年公園是否搬遷那篇文章中:
In general, the advantages of the move to the suburb rest on a more agreeable environment, but the short points are marked by probably animal death during the very project. For the most part, to keep the zoo still in its location is emotionally welcomed—a good fit with the social requirements of “a zoo with a long history。”
或者放在2001年高考寫作真題(學(xué)校減負(fù)前后的對(duì)比變化)的文章中 In general, the days before reducing the learning load rest on endless homework and attending classes at weekends as well, but my life today is marked by the fact that I can follow my own interests and plan my own time. For the most part, the new arrangement is emotionally
welcomed—a good fit with the social requirements of “good education。”
限于篇幅,也就不再多舉例子了。不過即使以上這些內(nèi)容,也很少考生能夠運(yùn)用自如。不是因?yàn)榇蠹覜]有學(xué)過類似的相關(guān)知識(shí)。事實(shí)上,這些知識(shí)都沒有超出高中教學(xué)大綱,在中學(xué)課本中也曾多次出現(xiàn)。問題是在寫作的時(shí)候就會(huì)想不起來,想起來也不敢用,用了也不保證對(duì)。究其原因就在于這些語言點(diǎn)在輸入時(shí)就沒有留下深刻的印象從而熟練掌握。我們的作文,從題目到例子,從形式到內(nèi)容多少都要和中國的國情有關(guān)。所以不少同學(xué)雖用英語寫文章不過仍然受制于漢語思維和語言習(xí)慣,因此中式英語總是要頑強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)出來。簡(jiǎn)單的藥方就是盡量使用在高考閱讀理解和完形填空真題中讀過的句子和說法,不主觀臆造,做到每字每句都有來歷,正所謂“讀寫不分家”。
其實(shí)很多優(yōu)秀的作者都開始于模仿,在寫作水平的初級(jí)階段,仿寫將會(huì)是一個(gè)行之有效的練習(xí)手段,就好比書法中的描紅。如果有意識(shí)的重視閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)的各種語言現(xiàn)象,我們就可以在真實(shí)的語境中掌握語言知識(shí),培養(yǎng)語言技能,并將其靈活地運(yùn)用到寫作當(dāng)中。詞匯、句型、語法和結(jié)構(gòu)的替換變化和靈活運(yùn)用,都可以在閱讀文章,尤其是歷年閱讀真題中找到大量真實(shí)生動(dòng)的例子。因此,一定要在閱讀,尤其是精讀歷年高考真題的過程中有意識(shí)的積累,一定要多讀多寫多模仿。只要我們不斷在閱讀中日積月累,細(xì)心汲取各種生動(dòng)地道的表達(dá),那么在表達(dá)的時(shí)候就會(huì)更加游刃有余,自由從容。才能實(shí)實(shí)在在地通過閱讀提高寫作,寫出能得高分的好文章。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句在這里特指it is … that… 強(qiáng)調(diào)句,它可以強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)句子中的主語賓語和狀語等多種成分。下面我們就結(jié)合出現(xiàn)在歷年高考閱讀真題中的強(qiáng)調(diào)句來造句:
強(qiáng)調(diào)主語:
原句:It is social conditions that make people tell lies.
(1998年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:It is zoo that should be moved out of the city。
強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語:
原句:It was only after he had spent several nights digging around the cross
that he decided to write to Kit Williams to find out if he was
wasting his time there.
(2002年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:It was in the year of 1906 that the zoo opened。
強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)狀語:
原句:It was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries.
(2002年春季卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:It is at home and abroad that the zoo, built in 1906, is well-known.
雙重否定
雙重否定是一種“負(fù)負(fù)得正”的常見句型,以否定的形式加否定的詞語來表示無以復(fù)加的肯定概念。本來平直的敘述可以通過這種小巧的變化引起讀者注意,增加表達(dá)效果。
原句:John and Jim are not unusual people. (1998年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:Changing to a better place is not an unusual way of development.
原句:Decision-thinking is not unlike poker. (2000年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
仿寫:Beijing Zoo is not unlike other parks that could hardly stand
the increasing number of tourists.
原句:It wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s
marriage was in serious trouble. (2001年全國卷閱讀理解文章原句)
改寫:It was not unusual to hear a man back form the zoo complain
about the traffic jams on his way there.
任何一句正常的陳述句都可以通過改造變化為強(qiáng)調(diào)句或雙重否定,也就是說固定句型的表達(dá)形式是和具體內(nèi)容無關(guān)的。那我們?cè)谄綍r(shí)就不妨通過閱讀積累這樣的模版句,到考場(chǎng)上直接套用為文章錦上添花。
語法
語法是人們通過語言實(shí)踐總結(jié)出來的遣詞造句的規(guī)則,是我們?cè)诶谜Z言進(jìn)行信息交流時(shí)所應(yīng)遵循的模式。良好的語法功底對(duì)語言的學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用會(huì)產(chǎn)生巨大的促進(jìn)作用,起到事半功倍的效果。通過閱讀掌握的語法是在具體語篇中的語法,是鮮活生動(dòng)的語法,是可以有效借鑒到寫作環(huán)節(jié)中的語法。以虛擬語氣為例,這種語法現(xiàn)象在高考語法單項(xiàng)選擇題中的考查已經(jīng)逐年淡化,但是在閱讀中還是偶爾露崢嶸。如果我們通過閱讀掌握了一兩個(gè)虛擬語氣的表達(dá)法,一旦靈活運(yùn)用到寫作當(dāng)中,就會(huì)起到非常好的表達(dá)效果。在2001年全國卷閱讀理解真題的文章中,曾經(jīng)有這樣一句:If this state of affairs had lasted, English today
would be close to German. 實(shí)質(zhì)上無非說的是:“這種情況沒有持續(xù),今日的英語已經(jīng)離德語很遠(yuǎn)了。”我們?nèi)绻ㄟ^閱讀掌握了這個(gè)句子背后的語言點(diǎn)——虛擬語氣,不妨直接借鑒到書面表達(dá)的寫作中來,進(jìn)行仿寫:
If the zoo had built out of the city form the beginning,
it would be far less famous.
如果當(dāng)初動(dòng)物園就建在城外的話,它也不會(huì)這么有名氣了。(可用于2005年書面表達(dá))
If the state had lasted, the school would be a less interesting place.
如果(減負(fù)之前的)情況持續(xù)的話,我們現(xiàn)在的學(xué)習(xí)生活也不會(huì)這么有趣。(可用于2001書面表達(dá)題)。
If Ah Fu had not saved her life, I would lose my little sister forever.
如果不是阿福救了她,我就會(huì)失去我的妹妹。(可用于2002書面表達(dá)題)
這些例子看上去很高級(jí)很復(fù)雜,其實(shí)不過是從2001年全國卷閱讀理解文章中的那句“If this state of affairs had lasted, …”進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單轉(zhuǎn)化而來。如果同學(xué)們有意識(shí)進(jìn)行積累,就可以通過簡(jiǎn)單的例子來掌握復(fù)雜的語法現(xiàn)象,并用于書面表達(dá)的寫作中來。
結(jié)構(gòu)
上文說過,英語是一門高度重視表達(dá)形式的形合語言,要求文字上有很強(qiáng)的邏輯性。而邏輯在語言上的體現(xiàn)就是結(jié)構(gòu)和順序。例如平行結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中很常見的一種結(jié)構(gòu)套路,兩根主線平行發(fā)展,就像俗語說的“花開兩朵,各表一枝”。2001年高考全國卷閱讀理解的E篇是一篇關(guān)于男女友誼的文章,大量使用了平行結(jié)構(gòu),其中有一段涉及到對(duì)比對(duì)照的段落如下: “In general,” writes Rubin in her new book, “women’s friendships with each other rest on shared emotions and support, but men’s relationships are marked by shared activities” For the most part, Rubin says, interactions between men are emotionally controlled—a good fit with the social requirements of “manly behavior?!?BR> 如果我們加以模仿和改寫,就可將其放進(jìn)我們2005年公園是否搬遷那篇文章中:
In general, the advantages of the move to the suburb rest on a more agreeable environment, but the short points are marked by probably animal death during the very project. For the most part, to keep the zoo still in its location is emotionally welcomed—a good fit with the social requirements of “a zoo with a long history。”
或者放在2001年高考寫作真題(學(xué)校減負(fù)前后的對(duì)比變化)的文章中 In general, the days before reducing the learning load rest on endless homework and attending classes at weekends as well, but my life today is marked by the fact that I can follow my own interests and plan my own time. For the most part, the new arrangement is emotionally
welcomed—a good fit with the social requirements of “good education。”
限于篇幅,也就不再多舉例子了。不過即使以上這些內(nèi)容,也很少考生能夠運(yùn)用自如。不是因?yàn)榇蠹覜]有學(xué)過類似的相關(guān)知識(shí)。事實(shí)上,這些知識(shí)都沒有超出高中教學(xué)大綱,在中學(xué)課本中也曾多次出現(xiàn)。問題是在寫作的時(shí)候就會(huì)想不起來,想起來也不敢用,用了也不保證對(duì)。究其原因就在于這些語言點(diǎn)在輸入時(shí)就沒有留下深刻的印象從而熟練掌握。我們的作文,從題目到例子,從形式到內(nèi)容多少都要和中國的國情有關(guān)。所以不少同學(xué)雖用英語寫文章不過仍然受制于漢語思維和語言習(xí)慣,因此中式英語總是要頑強(qiáng)的表現(xiàn)出來。簡(jiǎn)單的藥方就是盡量使用在高考閱讀理解和完形填空真題中讀過的句子和說法,不主觀臆造,做到每字每句都有來歷,正所謂“讀寫不分家”。
其實(shí)很多優(yōu)秀的作者都開始于模仿,在寫作水平的初級(jí)階段,仿寫將會(huì)是一個(gè)行之有效的練習(xí)手段,就好比書法中的描紅。如果有意識(shí)的重視閱讀文章中出現(xiàn)的各種語言現(xiàn)象,我們就可以在真實(shí)的語境中掌握語言知識(shí),培養(yǎng)語言技能,并將其靈活地運(yùn)用到寫作當(dāng)中。詞匯、句型、語法和結(jié)構(gòu)的替換變化和靈活運(yùn)用,都可以在閱讀文章,尤其是歷年閱讀真題中找到大量真實(shí)生動(dòng)的例子。因此,一定要在閱讀,尤其是精讀歷年高考真題的過程中有意識(shí)的積累,一定要多讀多寫多模仿。只要我們不斷在閱讀中日積月累,細(xì)心汲取各種生動(dòng)地道的表達(dá),那么在表達(dá)的時(shí)候就會(huì)更加游刃有余,自由從容。才能實(shí)實(shí)在在地通過閱讀提高寫作,寫出能得高分的好文章。