失分歸納
短文改錯是英語高考中主觀性試題的重要組成部分和必考題型，同時也是同學(xué)們感到困難、得分較低的一種綜合性題型。短文改錯對同學(xué)們的要求較高，是對語言知識綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查，因此同學(xué)們在該項(xiàng)上往往失分較多。
1. 語法知識掌握不牢固。改錯題的大部分知識點(diǎn)都在語法上，如果語法知識掌握不牢固，改錯題想得高分基本不容易。
2. 不了解設(shè)題原則。改錯題的設(shè)置和解答都是必須遵循一定原則的，有的同學(xué)由于對這些原則了解不是很清楚，從而在改錯時出現(xiàn)一個詞改成了兩個詞，把名詞改成了介詞或者改變了句子原意等錯誤。
3. 脫離語境，沒有聯(lián)系上下文。由于短文改錯一般是以“行”為單位而設(shè)置錯誤，因此有的同學(xué)常常只顧“行”，而忽略了對整句的理解。這就使得一些基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)、英語能力不強(qiáng)的同學(xué)受到分行的影響，而不能將上下文聯(lián)系起來看問題，從而闖不過人為設(shè)置的解題障礙。
4. 忽視了行文邏輯。有些同學(xué)由于基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)或粗心大意，忽視對句意的理解，或者對句意模棱兩可，從而導(dǎo)致前后邏輯混亂而失分。
應(yīng)對策略
1. 了解設(shè)錯規(guī)律，熟悉語法答題。從歷年短文改錯試題來看，對詞類的錯誤考查是一個重點(diǎn)。所以同學(xué)們要特別注意短文改錯題錯誤設(shè)置的隱性規(guī)律，那就是虛詞以設(shè)置增減詞試題居多；實(shí)詞以設(shè)置改變形式的試題居多。對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，是短文改錯中的另外一個重點(diǎn)。每年的短文改錯試題都會涉及句子，特別是句型的考查。所以在平時，同學(xué)們要分清主語、謂語、賓語、補(bǔ)語、定語和狀語等6種基本句子成分及其用法。
2. 遵循改錯原則，牢記解題規(guī)范。根據(jù)高考英語考試說明，高考英語短文改錯題錯誤的改正必須遵循兩個原則：①盡可能少改動，即改正錯誤時只能在一行中增加一詞、減少一詞或改動一詞。如果不了解或不重視這一原則，必然會造成改對但不得分的遺憾現(xiàn)象。②盡可能維持原意。一些短文改錯的試題乍一看好像不止一種改法，實(shí)際上根據(jù)“限度維持原意”的原則卻只有一種正確改法。
3. 把握分行技巧，提高語境得分。為檢測根據(jù)語境邏輯發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯誤的能力，短文改錯題常設(shè)置有語境題。對這樣的命題特點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要引起特別的重視，在平時練習(xí)時學(xué)會不要以“行”為單位，而要以句，有時候甚至以段為單位通讀、分析上下文，從而在語境中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤并改正錯誤。
4. 利用母語翻譯，巧解語義試題。短文改錯是考查同學(xué)們根據(jù)語境、邏輯改正語言錯誤的試題，因此同學(xué)們必須有較強(qiáng)的語境分析能力，然而絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)都沒有用英語進(jìn)行思維的習(xí)慣。因此他們不把目光放在理解語境上，而放在試題文字上，試圖找到明顯的語言錯誤。不否認(rèn)這么做也能解出部分試題，但卻無法解出語境試題。針對這種情況，同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會用母語翻譯法分析語境從而發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯誤。
除此之外，每年都還有不少同學(xué)大小寫意識淡薄，書寫單詞不規(guī)范，造成不必要失分。解題時應(yīng)注意大小寫，答好后應(yīng)復(fù)查大小寫，這樣才能保住解題成果，避免意外失分。
金題精練
一
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we had in 1. _________
the afternoon of last Friday about the good and bad side2. _______
of setting firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 50 boy and 3. _________
40 girl students attended to the discussion. As a result, 30% of 4. ____________
them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly add pleasure 5. _______________
and joy to the festival, therefore, it was a wonderful tradition.6. ________________
But another 50% of students think that setting off firecrackers7. ________________
causes air or noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes 8. __________________
causes terribly accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% 9. ___________
has never thought about it or don’t care. 10. ____________
二
Ｎｏｗａｄａｙｓ, ｓｏｍｅ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｌｉｋｅ ｔｏ ｌｉｖｅ ｉｎ ａ ｄｏｒｍ（宿舍）.１. _______
Instead, they rented houses outside the school. There are 2. ____________
advantages for all. Living in a dorm can increase friendship and 3. _______
cooperation among classmates, but of course it is safer. A dorm 4. ________
is more like a society, where enables students to learn to get along with 5. __________
the each other, thus preparing for the social life later. As for renting 6. ____________
houses to live alone, it’s better for study as you can feel freely in7. _____________
your own room without interrupted by others. As a result, you 8. ____________
can have more time and devote yourself to study wholeheartedly. 9. ___________
But there may appear a few safety problem as you live outside the school.10. ___________
Anyhow as a student, I prefer living in a dorm.
三
Mr. Huang is sixty years old. He has retired. He taught our 1. _________
Chemistry when we were in Senior Grade One. He was old, and2. _____________
he taught very well. He tried his best to make his classes live. Mr. 3. ________
Huang usually made good preparation for the lessons and was 4. __________
strict with us too. Each time we made mistakes in our homework， 5. __________
he would ask us to correct them. At time, I was rather poor in 6. _________
chemistry. Mr. Huang often helps me with my study very 7. __________
Patiently. As his help, I made great progress and caught 8. _______________
up with the class. He wasn’t always very kind to every student. As 9. ____________
an experiencing teacher, he was respected and loved by all 10. ___________
the students.
參考答案
（一）
1. in改為on；2. side改為sides；3. setting之后加off；
4. 去掉to；5. add改為adds；6. was改為is；
7. 正確；8. or改為and；9. terribly改為terrible；
10. has改為have
（二）
1. 正確；2. rented改為rent；3. all改為both；
4. but改為and；5. where改為which；6. 去掉each other前面的the；
7. freely改為free；8. without后加being；9. study改為studying；
10. problem改為problems；
（三）
1. our改為us；2. and改為but；3. live改為lively；
4. preparation改為preparations；5. 正確；6. At 后加one；
7. helps改為helped；8. As改為With；9. wasn’t改為was；
10. experiencing改為experienced
短文改錯是英語高考中主觀性試題的重要組成部分和必考題型，同時也是同學(xué)們感到困難、得分較低的一種綜合性題型。短文改錯對同學(xué)們的要求較高，是對語言知識綜合運(yùn)用能力的考查，因此同學(xué)們在該項(xiàng)上往往失分較多。
1. 語法知識掌握不牢固。改錯題的大部分知識點(diǎn)都在語法上，如果語法知識掌握不牢固，改錯題想得高分基本不容易。
2. 不了解設(shè)題原則。改錯題的設(shè)置和解答都是必須遵循一定原則的，有的同學(xué)由于對這些原則了解不是很清楚，從而在改錯時出現(xiàn)一個詞改成了兩個詞，把名詞改成了介詞或者改變了句子原意等錯誤。
3. 脫離語境，沒有聯(lián)系上下文。由于短文改錯一般是以“行”為單位而設(shè)置錯誤，因此有的同學(xué)常常只顧“行”，而忽略了對整句的理解。這就使得一些基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)、英語能力不強(qiáng)的同學(xué)受到分行的影響，而不能將上下文聯(lián)系起來看問題，從而闖不過人為設(shè)置的解題障礙。
4. 忽視了行文邏輯。有些同學(xué)由于基礎(chǔ)不扎實(shí)或粗心大意，忽視對句意的理解，或者對句意模棱兩可，從而導(dǎo)致前后邏輯混亂而失分。
應(yīng)對策略
1. 了解設(shè)錯規(guī)律，熟悉語法答題。從歷年短文改錯試題來看，對詞類的錯誤考查是一個重點(diǎn)。所以同學(xué)們要特別注意短文改錯題錯誤設(shè)置的隱性規(guī)律，那就是虛詞以設(shè)置增減詞試題居多；實(shí)詞以設(shè)置改變形式的試題居多。對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，是短文改錯中的另外一個重點(diǎn)。每年的短文改錯試題都會涉及句子，特別是句型的考查。所以在平時，同學(xué)們要分清主語、謂語、賓語、補(bǔ)語、定語和狀語等6種基本句子成分及其用法。
2. 遵循改錯原則，牢記解題規(guī)范。根據(jù)高考英語考試說明，高考英語短文改錯題錯誤的改正必須遵循兩個原則：①盡可能少改動，即改正錯誤時只能在一行中增加一詞、減少一詞或改動一詞。如果不了解或不重視這一原則，必然會造成改對但不得分的遺憾現(xiàn)象。②盡可能維持原意。一些短文改錯的試題乍一看好像不止一種改法，實(shí)際上根據(jù)“限度維持原意”的原則卻只有一種正確改法。
3. 把握分行技巧，提高語境得分。為檢測根據(jù)語境邏輯發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯誤的能力，短文改錯題常設(shè)置有語境題。對這樣的命題特點(diǎn)，同學(xué)們要引起特別的重視，在平時練習(xí)時學(xué)會不要以“行”為單位，而要以句，有時候甚至以段為單位通讀、分析上下文，從而在語境中發(fā)現(xiàn)錯誤并改正錯誤。
4. 利用母語翻譯，巧解語義試題。短文改錯是考查同學(xué)們根據(jù)語境、邏輯改正語言錯誤的試題，因此同學(xué)們必須有較強(qiáng)的語境分析能力，然而絕大多數(shù)同學(xué)都沒有用英語進(jìn)行思維的習(xí)慣。因此他們不把目光放在理解語境上，而放在試題文字上，試圖找到明顯的語言錯誤。不否認(rèn)這么做也能解出部分試題，但卻無法解出語境試題。針對這種情況，同學(xué)們應(yīng)學(xué)會用母語翻譯法分析語境從而發(fā)現(xiàn)并改正錯誤。
除此之外，每年都還有不少同學(xué)大小寫意識淡薄，書寫單詞不規(guī)范，造成不必要失分。解題時應(yīng)注意大小寫，答好后應(yīng)復(fù)查大小寫，這樣才能保住解題成果，避免意外失分。
金題精練
一
Dear Editor,
I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we had in 1. _________
the afternoon of last Friday about the good and bad side2. _______
of setting firecrackers during the Spring Festival. 50 boy and 3. _________
40 girl students attended to the discussion. As a result, 30% of 4. ____________
them believe that setting off firecrackers certainly add pleasure 5. _______________
and joy to the festival, therefore, it was a wonderful tradition.6. ________________
But another 50% of students think that setting off firecrackers7. ________________
causes air or noise pollution, and what’s worse, it sometimes 8. __________________
causes terribly accidents to us and to our property. The other 20% 9. ___________
has never thought about it or don’t care. 10. ____________
二
Ｎｏｗａｄａｙｓ, ｓｏｍｅ ｓｔｕｄｅｎｔｓ ｗｏｕｌｄ ｎｏｔ ｌｉｋｅ ｔｏ ｌｉｖｅ ｉｎ ａ ｄｏｒｍ（宿舍）.１. _______
Instead, they rented houses outside the school. There are 2. ____________
advantages for all. Living in a dorm can increase friendship and 3. _______
cooperation among classmates, but of course it is safer. A dorm 4. ________
is more like a society, where enables students to learn to get along with 5. __________
the each other, thus preparing for the social life later. As for renting 6. ____________
houses to live alone, it’s better for study as you can feel freely in7. _____________
your own room without interrupted by others. As a result, you 8. ____________
can have more time and devote yourself to study wholeheartedly. 9. ___________
But there may appear a few safety problem as you live outside the school.10. ___________
Anyhow as a student, I prefer living in a dorm.
三
Mr. Huang is sixty years old. He has retired. He taught our 1. _________
Chemistry when we were in Senior Grade One. He was old, and2. _____________
he taught very well. He tried his best to make his classes live. Mr. 3. ________
Huang usually made good preparation for the lessons and was 4. __________
strict with us too. Each time we made mistakes in our homework， 5. __________
he would ask us to correct them. At time, I was rather poor in 6. _________
chemistry. Mr. Huang often helps me with my study very 7. __________
Patiently. As his help, I made great progress and caught 8. _______________
up with the class. He wasn’t always very kind to every student. As 9. ____________
an experiencing teacher, he was respected and loved by all 10. ___________
the students.
參考答案
（一）
1. in改為on；2. side改為sides；3. setting之后加off；
4. 去掉to；5. add改為adds；6. was改為is；
7. 正確；8. or改為and；9. terribly改為terrible；
10. has改為have
（二）
1. 正確；2. rented改為rent；3. all改為both；
4. but改為and；5. where改為which；6. 去掉each other前面的the；
7. freely改為free；8. without后加being；9. study改為studying；
10. problem改為problems；
（三）
1. our改為us；2. and改為but；3. live改為lively；
4. preparation改為preparations；5. 正確；6. At 后加one；
7. helps改為helped；8. As改為With；9. wasn’t改為was；
10. experiencing改為experienced