二、Different Types of shipping services 不同類(lèi)型的海上運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (考試重點(diǎn))
2-1 課文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.
注釋?zhuān)簄amely: 即，就是，換句話說(shuō)(=that is) conference lines: 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 non-conference lines: 非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 non-vessel operation common carriers: 無(wú)營(yíng)運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人 tramp service: 不定期船運(yùn)輸 (tramp: 在這里是指的“不定期航行”)
課文意思：國(guó)際海上運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)提供了四種類(lèi)型的服務(wù)，即班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，無(wú)營(yíng)運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人和不定期船運(yùn)輸
2-2 Conference Lines 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸
2-2.1課文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會(huì)的定義，了解一下)
注釋?zhuān)簊hipping conference:班輪公會(huì) group: 團(tuán)體，集團(tuán) shipping lines: 班輪運(yùn)輸 operating: 運(yùn)行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預(yù)定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費(fèi)率表，運(yùn)費(fèi)表(我們常用的詞義是“關(guān)稅”) fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計(jì)劃 ports of call: 港，?？扛?BR> 課文意思：班輪公會(huì)是按預(yù)定的船期表在特定的航線上從事?tīng)I(yíng)運(yùn)的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費(fèi)率表、固定的港。
2-2.2課文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋?zhuān)簆urpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運(yùn)價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) member lines: 會(huì)員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng) capture:獲得，爭(zhēng)取(原義是“捕獲”) traffic: 在這里是“買(mǎi)賣(mài)，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠(chéng)，忠實(shí)(loyalty agreement: 忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議) shipper:托運(yùn)人
課文意思：班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝?huì)員公司之間在運(yùn)價(jià)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，通過(guò)與托運(yùn)人之間達(dá)成的忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議為會(huì)員爭(zhēng)取大量貨源，以減少外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
2-2.3
對(duì)于托運(yùn)人來(lái)說(shuō)班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)(兩點(diǎn))：
1. Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)率 (stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
2. Regularity of services. 定期的運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)
2-1 課文：The international shipping market offers four types of service, namely, conference lines, non-conference lines, non-vessel operation common carriers and tramp service.
注釋?zhuān)簄amely: 即，就是，換句話說(shuō)(=that is) conference lines: 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 non-conference lines: 非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸 non-vessel operation common carriers: 無(wú)營(yíng)運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人 tramp service: 不定期船運(yùn)輸 (tramp: 在這里是指的“不定期航行”)
課文意思：國(guó)際海上運(yùn)輸市場(chǎng)提供了四種類(lèi)型的服務(wù)，即班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，非班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸，無(wú)營(yíng)運(yùn)船公共承運(yùn)人和不定期船運(yùn)輸
2-2 Conference Lines 班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸
2-2.1課文：A shipping conference is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provide a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of ports of call.(班輪公會(huì)的定義，了解一下)
注釋?zhuān)簊hipping conference:班輪公會(huì) group: 團(tuán)體，集團(tuán) shipping lines: 班輪運(yùn)輸 operating: 運(yùn)行的，操作的 particular: 特殊的，特定的 under agreement: 按照協(xié)議的，在這里引申為“預(yù)定的” scheduled: 按船期表的 tariff:費(fèi)率表，運(yùn)費(fèi)表(我們常用的詞義是“關(guān)稅”) fixed:固定的 itinerary:路線，旅行計(jì)劃 ports of call: 港，?？扛?BR> 課文意思：班輪公會(huì)是按預(yù)定的船期表在特定的航線上從事?tīng)I(yíng)運(yùn)的班輪公司的組織，具有共同的費(fèi)率表、固定的港。
2-2.2課文: The purpose of a shipping conference is to eliminate price competition among member lines and reduce outside competition by trying to capture most of the traffic for member lines through loyalty arrangements with shippers.
注釋?zhuān)簆urpose:目的 eliminate：消除，除去 price competition: 運(yùn)價(jià)競(jìng)爭(zhēng) member lines: 會(huì)員公司 reduce:減少 outside competition: 外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng) capture:獲得，爭(zhēng)取(原義是“捕獲”) traffic: 在這里是“買(mǎi)賣(mài)，交易”的意思 loyalty: 忠誠(chéng)，忠實(shí)(loyalty agreement: 忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議) shipper:托運(yùn)人
課文意思：班輪運(yùn)輸?shù)哪康氖窍龝?huì)員公司之間在運(yùn)價(jià)上的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，通過(guò)與托運(yùn)人之間達(dá)成的忠誠(chéng)協(xié)議為會(huì)員爭(zhēng)取大量貨源，以減少外部競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
2-2.3
對(duì)于托運(yùn)人來(lái)說(shuō)班輪公會(huì)運(yùn)輸?shù)膬?yōu)勢(shì)(兩點(diǎn))：
1. Stability of freight rates. 穩(wěn)定的運(yùn)費(fèi)率 (stability: 穩(wěn)定，穩(wěn)定性)
2. Regularity of services. 定期的運(yùn)輸服務(wù) (regularity:定期，規(guī)則，規(guī)則性)