很多GMAT考生反映包含“than”等字眼的比較結(jié)構(gòu)在句子改錯中難度很大,考生們往往會分不清“than”前后所表達的比較關(guān)系是什么,尤其是在具有省略成分的比較句中更為如此,一般而言,只要對句子的比較關(guān)系理解正確,解題還是相對較為容易的。下面就讓我們通過例題示范讓大家了解一下比較結(jié)構(gòu)中經(jīng)常常出現(xiàn)的一些考點。
一. Than之前后的比較對象的不一致。
例1:
Alargeriseinthenumberofhousingstartsinthecomingyearshouldboostnewconstructiondollarsbyseveralbilliondollars,makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
A)makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
B)andmaketheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
C)makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanitwasfiveyearsago
D)tomaketheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
E)inmakingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanitwasfiveyearsago
題目分析:本題目分析的重點是要看than前后的內(nèi)容,than前面為“theconstructionindustry’seconomicgrowth”,而than后面為“fiveyearsago”,這道題目違反了一個原則,即前后比較的內(nèi)容不對應(yīng),根據(jù)這一原則,我們很容易的可以排除A,B,D選項,從本題的語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,making…….fiveyearsago應(yīng)為一個伴隨狀語,因此E改變了句子的句意,因此C為正確選項。
例2
Domesticautomobilemanufacturershaveinvestedmillionsofdollarsintoresearchtodevelopcarsmoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad.
A)intoresearchtodevelopcarsmoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad
B)intoresearchfordevelopingevenmoregasoline-efficientcarsontheroadthanatpresent
C)forresearchforcarstobedevelopedthataremoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad
D)inresearchtodevelopcarsevenmoregasoline-efficientthanthoseatpresentontheroad
E)inresearch
題目分析:解析本題的關(guān)鍵是要看被比較的事物,即汽車,而than后面卻是presentlyontheroad,顯然前后比較的內(nèi)容無法對應(yīng)起來,從邏輯上也顯得過于荒謬,因此要想讓本句的比較內(nèi)容一致,需要在than后面加入一個指示代詞those,前后才能對應(yīng)起來。當我們明確了此點以后,便能夠確定D屬于正確答案。
二.比較的時態(tài)錯誤
例1
InflationhasmademanyAmericansreevaluatetheirassumptionsaboutthefuture;theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshave,butnotsowellastheyoncethoughttheycould.
A)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshave
B)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentsdid
C)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshad
D)stillexpectingtolivebetterthantheirparentshad
E)stillexpectingtolivebetterthandidtheirparents
題目分析:解決本題的關(guān)鍵是要看than前后比較的對象,在本題中被比較的對象應(yīng)是不同時間條件下的Live這一動作。Than之前為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),而than之后顯然是一個現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),而本句所要表達的意思是美國年輕人期望在未來比他們父母過去過的更好,因此本題應(yīng)選B,而C中的had為過去完成式顯然沒有根據(jù)。另外D和E選項則錯誤的將兩個完整的句子何為一句,顯然這可以從句中的分號看出來。
三.倍數(shù)增減的表達錯誤
例1
ALaborDepartmentstudystatesthatthenumbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincreaseinthepastdecadeandaccountedformorethansixty-twopercentofthetotalgrowthinthecivilianworkforce.
A)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincrease
B)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewmorethanthirty-fivepercent
C)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomewereraisedbymorethanthirty-fivepercent
D)numberofwomenemployedoutsidethehomeincreasedbymorethanthirtyfivepercent
E)numberofwomenemployedoutsidethehomewasraisedbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincrease.
題目解析:劃線部分存在兩處錯誤,一處為number的用法,此處number應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式,另外一處錯誤為grew和increase的重復(fù)使用問題,如將increase代替grew則更加本句的結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯。因此一一排除A,B,C,和E選項之后,只有D符合題意?!?BR> 很多情況下,考生多數(shù)是由于無法分清比較的對象才容易犯錯誤,另外在做GMAT比較類型的改錯題時,我們建議考生應(yīng)首先保證比較前后的比較對象應(yīng)符合形式對稱原則,即比較的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該在屬性上具有一致性。另外還建議考生多注意than后面的謂語動詞,若沒有謂語動詞,則應(yīng)根據(jù)具體語境進行補齊。只有在保證句子符合邏輯的前提下,我們才能保證解題的正確率。
一. Than之前后的比較對象的不一致。
例1:
Alargeriseinthenumberofhousingstartsinthecomingyearshouldboostnewconstructiondollarsbyseveralbilliondollars,makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
A)makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
B)andmaketheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
C)makingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanitwasfiveyearsago
D)tomaketheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanfiveyearsago
E)inmakingtheconstructionindustry’seconomichealthmuchmorerobustthanitwasfiveyearsago
題目分析:本題目分析的重點是要看than前后的內(nèi)容,than前面為“theconstructionindustry’seconomicgrowth”,而than后面為“fiveyearsago”,這道題目違反了一個原則,即前后比較的內(nèi)容不對應(yīng),根據(jù)這一原則,我們很容易的可以排除A,B,D選項,從本題的語法結(jié)構(gòu)上講,making…….fiveyearsago應(yīng)為一個伴隨狀語,因此E改變了句子的句意,因此C為正確選項。
例2
Domesticautomobilemanufacturershaveinvestedmillionsofdollarsintoresearchtodevelopcarsmoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad.
A)intoresearchtodevelopcarsmoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad
B)intoresearchfordevelopingevenmoregasoline-efficientcarsontheroadthanatpresent
C)forresearchforcarstobedevelopedthataremoregasoline-efficienteventhanpresentlyontheroad
D)inresearchtodevelopcarsevenmoregasoline-efficientthanthoseatpresentontheroad
E)inresearch
題目分析:解析本題的關(guān)鍵是要看被比較的事物,即汽車,而than后面卻是presentlyontheroad,顯然前后比較的內(nèi)容無法對應(yīng)起來,從邏輯上也顯得過于荒謬,因此要想讓本句的比較內(nèi)容一致,需要在than后面加入一個指示代詞those,前后才能對應(yīng)起來。當我們明確了此點以后,便能夠確定D屬于正確答案。
二.比較的時態(tài)錯誤
例1
InflationhasmademanyAmericansreevaluatetheirassumptionsaboutthefuture;theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshave,butnotsowellastheyoncethoughttheycould.
A)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshave
B)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentsdid
C)theystillexpecttolivebetterthantheirparentshad
D)stillexpectingtolivebetterthantheirparentshad
E)stillexpectingtolivebetterthandidtheirparents
題目分析:解決本題的關(guān)鍵是要看than前后比較的對象,在本題中被比較的對象應(yīng)是不同時間條件下的Live這一動作。Than之前為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),而than之后顯然是一個現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),而本句所要表達的意思是美國年輕人期望在未來比他們父母過去過的更好,因此本題應(yīng)選B,而C中的had為過去完成式顯然沒有根據(jù)。另外D和E選項則錯誤的將兩個完整的句子何為一句,顯然這可以從句中的分號看出來。
三.倍數(shù)增減的表達錯誤
例1
ALaborDepartmentstudystatesthatthenumbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincreaseinthepastdecadeandaccountedformorethansixty-twopercentofthetotalgrowthinthecivilianworkforce.
A)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincrease
B)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomegrewmorethanthirty-fivepercent
C)numbersofwomenemployedoutsidethehomewereraisedbymorethanthirty-fivepercent
D)numberofwomenemployedoutsidethehomeincreasedbymorethanthirtyfivepercent
E)numberofwomenemployedoutsidethehomewasraisedbymorethanathirty-fivepercentincrease.
題目解析:劃線部分存在兩處錯誤,一處為number的用法,此處number應(yīng)使用單數(shù)形式,另外一處錯誤為grew和increase的重復(fù)使用問題,如將increase代替grew則更加本句的結(jié)構(gòu)邏輯。因此一一排除A,B,C,和E選項之后,只有D符合題意?!?BR> 很多情況下,考生多數(shù)是由于無法分清比較的對象才容易犯錯誤,另外在做GMAT比較類型的改錯題時,我們建議考生應(yīng)首先保證比較前后的比較對象應(yīng)符合形式對稱原則,即比較的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該在屬性上具有一致性。另外還建議考生多注意than后面的謂語動詞,若沒有謂語動詞,則應(yīng)根據(jù)具體語境進行補齊。只有在保證句子符合邏輯的前提下,我們才能保證解題的正確率。

