Unit 1: Scope of Freight Forwarding Services
Originally, a freight forwarder (貨運(yùn)代理人) was a commission agent (委托代理人) performing on behalf of (代表…) the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, etc…However, the expansion of international trade and thedevelopment of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services. Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport. The services that a freight forwarder renders
may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance (清關(guān)) to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportation and distribution process. 未完待續(xù)
課文理解：
1. 核心句子：
… a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the
exporter/importer routine tasks …
這句句子很長(zhǎng),一段就是一句.不過,作者無非想表達(dá)這樣一個(gè)意思:貨運(yùn)代理人是進(jìn)出口商的委托代理人,提 供這樣或那樣的服務(wù). 句子顯然含有
一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 其他的結(jié)構(gòu)是幫助起修飾、說明作用的.
1.1 performing = doing (a piece of work)
1.2 on behalf of the exporter/importer = on exporter’s or importer’s behalf =
as representative of exporter/importer
1.3 routine tasks (日常工作,日常事務(wù))
這里我們不能用 work 替代 task , 其原因是:
task: 可數(shù)名詞, 一般是指較為困難、辛苦的工作, 正好和routine tasks后面
such as 的例子統(tǒng)一起來.
work: 不可數(shù)名詞, 工作的意思則較為籠統(tǒng)、廣泛.
句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
1.4 originally = from the beginning
1.5 such as loading/unloading of goods … = such as loading/unloading of goods
for his customer. 下面三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)如同本結(jié)構(gòu).
2. 核心句子： … A and B enlarged the scope of his service. 句子中:
A 是指 the expansion of international trade (國(guó)際貿(mào)易的擴(kuò)大)
B 是指 the development of different modes of transport (不同運(yùn)輸模式的發(fā)展)
2.1 enlarge = make or become larger.
A and B make the scope of freight forwarding services larger
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 是 enlarge 這個(gè)詞的結(jié)構(gòu), 由前綴"en-"和形容詞"large"構(gòu)成.
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 這樣的例子還有: enable, enrich
句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
2.2 over the years that followed (意譯): 在以后的幾年里面
3. 句子：
Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and
transport. 在句子中:
3.1 today = at the present time, 課文里不解釋今天.
3.2 play a role: 扮演角色, 可以引申為起著…的作用.
4. 核心句子： The services …may often range from … to…
好像很難理解, 我們先舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子看看:
price ranging from USD5 to USD10 (從5美元到10美元的各種價(jià)格)
price ranging between USD5 and USD10 (5美元到10美元之間的各種價(jià)格)
range 的意思是”在…范圍內(nèi)變化”, 后面的搭配可以是from…to…, 也可以是
between…and… 于是, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn):
例句中的USD5 = 課文中的routine and basic tasks … ,
例句中的USD10 = 課文中的a comprehensive package of services …
句子中其他解釋的地方還有:
4.1 routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance
the booking of space (艙位的預(yù)訂)
customs clearance ( 海關(guān) 清結(jié)關(guān))
4.2 a comprehensive package of services …
a package of (意譯:一攬子) package有的時(shí)候具有比喻的意味和用法,課文中的
情況就是這樣.
comprehensive (綜合性的、廣泛的、全面的、詳盡的) ,看來這個(gè)短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該 翻譯
成"綜合性的一攬子服務(wù)方案"比較妥帖.
4.3 The services that a freight forwarder renders
render (及物動(dòng)詞) = offer, provide. 這是一句定語(yǔ)從句.說明提供這些訂艙、
報(bào)關(guān)、全程運(yùn)輸、分撥等服務(wù)的來源
4.4 … covering the total …
cover = include, consist of, take into account
(包括, 涉及, 可以引申為"關(guān)于"解, 相當(dāng)于 about )
4.5 the total transportation and distribution process
上面課文中有這樣一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu): …in international trade and transport, 那么
transport 和transportation 有何區(qū)別呢?
實(shí)際上是一樣的,我們也可以說成…in international trade and transportation 或
the total transport and … 文章中這樣安排的原因,我認(rèn)為只是為了保持前后結(jié)構(gòu)
統(tǒng)一(參見and前后的下劃線).
如果硬要把它們加以區(qū)別, 其答案是: transportation 是美國(guó)人常用的 詞匯 ,
而 transport 則是英國(guó)人常用的 詞匯
5. 段落小結(jié)：
第一、第二兩個(gè)自然段是本文的第一層意思:
我們注意到了這樣一些副詞：originally......however......today......通過這些副詞的貫穿，我們了解了貨運(yùn)代理人的概念，并通過貨運(yùn)
代理服務(wù)范圍的演變，對(duì)其服務(wù)范圍基本上有了一個(gè)大概的印象.
貨代 英語(yǔ) 導(dǎo)讀（2）
Incoterms 2000 - Six Major Trade Terms
CFR – COST AND FREIGHT (…named port of destination)
“Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the
ship’s rail in the port of shipment.
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to
the named port of destination (指定目的港) BUT the risk of loss of or damage to
the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the
time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
13. 句子:
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods
to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to
the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after
the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
這句句子的突破點(diǎn)是兩個(gè)連接詞: BUT 和 as well as:
13.1 the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods
to the named port of destination
(1) 英語(yǔ) 簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句型.
① 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He attends to his work. (他專注做好自己的工作)
② 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He will attend a meeting tomorrow. (他明天要參加一個(gè)會(huì)議)
所以我們要注意:
有些動(dòng)詞,它既有及物動(dòng)詞的用法,也有不及物動(dòng)
詞的用法.
③ 主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞, be動(dòng)詞是大的連系動(dòng)詞,當(dāng)然還有其他的詞
(become, turn, get等).例如:
A freight forwarder was a commission agent.
④ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 雙賓語(yǔ), 例如 bring:
bring the buyer some catalogs = bring some catalogs to the buyer
⑤ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ), 例如本句:
pay the costs and freight necessary (necessary 補(bǔ)充說明
the costs and freight)
(2) 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成 the seller must pay sth. 這個(gè) sth 是指:
the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named
port of destination 意指“貨至指定目的港所需的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用”.
13.2 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods after the time of
delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) transfer: 常見的搭配有:
transfer (sb./sth.) (from) (to)
意思是“(權(quán)利,地位,狀態(tài)等)轉(zhuǎn)移, (地方,位置等)遷移, (工作等)調(diào)動(dòng)”
(2) but 在這里大寫的目的醒目: 讓讀者注意前者的費(fèi)用由賣方承擔(dān),
后者的費(fèi)用由買方承擔(dān).
13.3 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the
time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) additional cost = extra cost: 額外費(fèi)用
(2) due to = caused by: 由于,起因于
(注意這個(gè)詞組后接名詞, 這個(gè) to 是介詞)
(3) occur = happen, take place: 發(fā)生
(4) as well as: 說明交貨后,買方支付的費(fèi)用可能比賣方多。
Originally, a freight forwarder (貨運(yùn)代理人) was a commission agent (委托代理人) performing on behalf of (代表…) the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, etc…However, the expansion of international trade and thedevelopment of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services. Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport. The services that a freight forwarder renders
may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance (清關(guān)) to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportation and distribution process. 未完待續(xù)
課文理解：
1. 核心句子：
… a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the
exporter/importer routine tasks …
這句句子很長(zhǎng),一段就是一句.不過,作者無非想表達(dá)這樣一個(gè)意思:貨運(yùn)代理人是進(jìn)出口商的委托代理人,提 供這樣或那樣的服務(wù). 句子顯然含有
一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句, 其他的結(jié)構(gòu)是幫助起修飾、說明作用的.
1.1 performing = doing (a piece of work)
1.2 on behalf of the exporter/importer = on exporter’s or importer’s behalf =
as representative of exporter/importer
1.3 routine tasks (日常工作,日常事務(wù))
這里我們不能用 work 替代 task , 其原因是:
task: 可數(shù)名詞, 一般是指較為困難、辛苦的工作, 正好和routine tasks后面
such as 的例子統(tǒng)一起來.
work: 不可數(shù)名詞, 工作的意思則較為籠統(tǒng)、廣泛.
句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
1.4 originally = from the beginning
1.5 such as loading/unloading of goods … = such as loading/unloading of goods
for his customer. 下面三個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)如同本結(jié)構(gòu).
2. 核心句子： … A and B enlarged the scope of his service. 句子中:
A 是指 the expansion of international trade (國(guó)際貿(mào)易的擴(kuò)大)
B 是指 the development of different modes of transport (不同運(yùn)輸模式的發(fā)展)
2.1 enlarge = make or become larger.
A and B make the scope of freight forwarding services larger
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 是 enlarge 這個(gè)詞的結(jié)構(gòu), 由前綴"en-"和形容詞"large"構(gòu)成.
“ en- + adj. = v. ” 這樣的例子還有: enable, enrich
句子中其他需要解釋的地方還有:
2.2 over the years that followed (意譯): 在以后的幾年里面
3. 句子：
Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and
transport. 在句子中:
3.1 today = at the present time, 課文里不解釋今天.
3.2 play a role: 扮演角色, 可以引申為起著…的作用.
4. 核心句子： The services …may often range from … to…
好像很難理解, 我們先舉一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子看看:
price ranging from USD5 to USD10 (從5美元到10美元的各種價(jià)格)
price ranging between USD5 and USD10 (5美元到10美元之間的各種價(jià)格)
range 的意思是”在…范圍內(nèi)變化”, 后面的搭配可以是from…to…, 也可以是
between…and… 于是, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn):
例句中的USD5 = 課文中的routine and basic tasks … ,
例句中的USD10 = 課文中的a comprehensive package of services …
句子中其他解釋的地方還有:
4.1 routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance
the booking of space (艙位的預(yù)訂)
customs clearance ( 海關(guān) 清結(jié)關(guān))
4.2 a comprehensive package of services …
a package of (意譯:一攬子) package有的時(shí)候具有比喻的意味和用法,課文中的
情況就是這樣.
comprehensive (綜合性的、廣泛的、全面的、詳盡的) ,看來這個(gè)短語(yǔ)應(yīng)該 翻譯
成"綜合性的一攬子服務(wù)方案"比較妥帖.
4.3 The services that a freight forwarder renders
render (及物動(dòng)詞) = offer, provide. 這是一句定語(yǔ)從句.說明提供這些訂艙、
報(bào)關(guān)、全程運(yùn)輸、分撥等服務(wù)的來源
4.4 … covering the total …
cover = include, consist of, take into account
(包括, 涉及, 可以引申為"關(guān)于"解, 相當(dāng)于 about )
4.5 the total transportation and distribution process
上面課文中有這樣一個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu): …in international trade and transport, 那么
transport 和transportation 有何區(qū)別呢?
實(shí)際上是一樣的,我們也可以說成…in international trade and transportation 或
the total transport and … 文章中這樣安排的原因,我認(rèn)為只是為了保持前后結(jié)構(gòu)
統(tǒng)一(參見and前后的下劃線).
如果硬要把它們加以區(qū)別, 其答案是: transportation 是美國(guó)人常用的 詞匯 ,
而 transport 則是英國(guó)人常用的 詞匯
5. 段落小結(jié)：
第一、第二兩個(gè)自然段是本文的第一層意思:
我們注意到了這樣一些副詞：originally......however......today......通過這些副詞的貫穿，我們了解了貨運(yùn)代理人的概念，并通過貨運(yùn)
代理服務(wù)范圍的演變，對(duì)其服務(wù)范圍基本上有了一個(gè)大概的印象.
貨代 英語(yǔ) 導(dǎo)讀（2）
Incoterms 2000 - Six Major Trade Terms
CFR – COST AND FREIGHT (…named port of destination)
“Cost and Freight” means that the seller delivers when the goods pass the
ship’s rail in the port of shipment.
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to
the named port of destination (指定目的港) BUT the risk of loss of or damage to
the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the
time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
The CFR term requires the seller to clear the goods for export.
This term can be used only for sea or inland waterway transport.
13. 句子:
The seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods
to the named port of destination BUT the risk of loss of or damage to
the goods, as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after
the time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
這句句子的突破點(diǎn)是兩個(gè)連接詞: BUT 和 as well as:
13.1 the seller must pay the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods
to the named port of destination
(1) 英語(yǔ) 簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句型.
① 主語(yǔ) + 不及物動(dòng)詞(vi.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He attends to his work. (他專注做好自己的工作)
② 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.), 例如第一課中的這個(gè) attend:
He will attend a meeting tomorrow. (他明天要參加一個(gè)會(huì)議)
所以我們要注意:
有些動(dòng)詞,它既有及物動(dòng)詞的用法,也有不及物動(dòng)
詞的用法.
③ 主語(yǔ) + 連系動(dòng)詞, be動(dòng)詞是大的連系動(dòng)詞,當(dāng)然還有其他的詞
(become, turn, get等).例如:
A freight forwarder was a commission agent.
④ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 雙賓語(yǔ), 例如 bring:
bring the buyer some catalogs = bring some catalogs to the buyer
⑤ 主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞(vt.) + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ), 例如本句:
pay the costs and freight necessary (necessary 補(bǔ)充說明
the costs and freight)
(2) 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成 the seller must pay sth. 這個(gè) sth 是指:
the costs and freight necessary to bring the goods to the named
port of destination 意指“貨至指定目的港所需的運(yùn)費(fèi)和費(fèi)用”.
13.2 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
BUT the risk of loss of or damage to the goods after the time of
delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) transfer: 常見的搭配有:
transfer (sb./sth.) (from) (to)
意思是“(權(quán)利,地位,狀態(tài)等)轉(zhuǎn)移, (地方,位置等)遷移, (工作等)調(diào)動(dòng)”
(2) but 在這里大寫的目的醒目: 讓讀者注意前者的費(fèi)用由賣方承擔(dān),
后者的費(fèi)用由買方承擔(dān).
13.3 本句可以簡(jiǎn)化成:
as well as any additional costs due to events occurring after the
time of delivery, are transferred from the seller to the buyer.
(1) additional cost = extra cost: 額外費(fèi)用
(2) due to = caused by: 由于,起因于
(注意這個(gè)詞組后接名詞, 這個(gè) to 是介詞)
(3) occur = happen, take place: 發(fā)生
(4) as well as: 說明交貨后,買方支付的費(fèi)用可能比賣方多。