四、一些具體結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯：
1.限定性定語從句: 按照修飾語前置翻譯方法。通常譯為“……的”。（置于被修飾的名詞之前）
例：For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
從人口的總體考慮，我們必須更多地關(guān)注攝入少量的、在不知不覺中污染我們世界的殺蟲劑所造成的延遲效應(yīng)。
2.非限定性定語從句（即which之前有逗號）譯為單句
例：He said that this was a good idea, which he would consider.
他說這是一個好主意，他會加以考慮。
3.同位語從句
1）分譯法：將先行詞與同位語從句分開翻譯，中間用“即”、“就是說”、冒號、破折號分開。
例：He said that this was a good idea that he would consider.（定語從句）
We have to face the fact that we are still poor.（同位語從句）
我們必須面對一個事實，即我們還很貧窮。
2）轉(zhuǎn)換法：如果同位語修飾的名詞含有動作意義，則可將該名詞譯為動詞。這類詞有：suggestion / opinion / belief / hope
例：He has a feeling that his son was not wrong.
他感覺到他的兒子沒有錯。
4.比較結(jié)構(gòu)：最根本的譯法譯為“比…更…”
例：Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as arention and memory.
研究人員證實人們在動腦筋時，頭腦里會產(chǎn)生生化變化，使頭腦在注意力和記憶力這類認知領(lǐng)域中更有效地活動。
And someone with a history of doing more
rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
習(xí)慣于多動腦筋而不是少動腦筋的人，在進入老年以后，要比一個從來不積極動腦子的人的認知能力更為健全。
The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both monery and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
后者忽視了向分散居住的社區(qū)提供充分的服務(wù)需要較高的花費，以及近郊居民上下班既費錢又費時間。
1）將more…than…譯為“比…更…”；將more譯為“更…”
例：He was more active than I.
他比我更積極。
2）用比較級表達級含義時，可譯為“最”、“莫過于”。
例：There is no better example than this.
這是的例子。
5.被動結(jié)構(gòu)
1）譯為被動。如“被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“由”、“為…所”。
例：The committee established by UN is considering the problem.
由聯(lián)合國建立的委員會正在考慮這個問題。
2）譯為表語。即“是……的”
例：The decision was not made easily.
這個決定不是輕易做出的。
3）譯為主動句。
例：He was given a high mark by his teacher.
他的老師給了他一個高分。
1.限定性定語從句: 按照修飾語前置翻譯方法。通常譯為“……的”。（置于被修飾的名詞之前）
例：For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
從人口的總體考慮，我們必須更多地關(guān)注攝入少量的、在不知不覺中污染我們世界的殺蟲劑所造成的延遲效應(yīng)。
2.非限定性定語從句（即which之前有逗號）譯為單句
例：He said that this was a good idea, which he would consider.
他說這是一個好主意，他會加以考慮。
3.同位語從句
1）分譯法：將先行詞與同位語從句分開翻譯，中間用“即”、“就是說”、冒號、破折號分開。
例：He said that this was a good idea that he would consider.（定語從句）
We have to face the fact that we are still poor.（同位語從句）
我們必須面對一個事實，即我們還很貧窮。
2）轉(zhuǎn)換法：如果同位語修飾的名詞含有動作意義，則可將該名詞譯為動詞。這類詞有：suggestion / opinion / belief / hope
例：He has a feeling that his son was not wrong.
他感覺到他的兒子沒有錯。
4.比較結(jié)構(gòu)：最根本的譯法譯為“比…更…”
例：Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as arention and memory.
研究人員證實人們在動腦筋時，頭腦里會產(chǎn)生生化變化，使頭腦在注意力和記憶力這類認知領(lǐng)域中更有效地活動。
And someone with a history of doing more
rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
習(xí)慣于多動腦筋而不是少動腦筋的人，在進入老年以后，要比一個從來不積極動腦子的人的認知能力更為健全。
The latter ignores the higher cost of providing full services to a scattered community and the cost in both monery and time of the journeys to work for the suburban resident.
后者忽視了向分散居住的社區(qū)提供充分的服務(wù)需要較高的花費，以及近郊居民上下班既費錢又費時間。
1）將more…than…譯為“比…更…”；將more譯為“更…”
例：He was more active than I.
他比我更積極。
2）用比較級表達級含義時，可譯為“最”、“莫過于”。
例：There is no better example than this.
這是的例子。
5.被動結(jié)構(gòu)
1）譯為被動。如“被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“由”、“為…所”。
例：The committee established by UN is considering the problem.
由聯(lián)合國建立的委員會正在考慮這個問題。
2）譯為表語。即“是……的”
例：The decision was not made easily.
這個決定不是輕易做出的。
3）譯為主動句。
例：He was given a high mark by his teacher.
他的老師給了他一個高分。