英語四級詞匯語法講義第二部分

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第二節(jié)、長句速讀
    同位語和較長的后置定語(如人物身份,句子中間的非限制性定語從句),很長的專有名詞(如機構(gòu)名稱)等。這些信息需要用跳讀(skip)的方法,略去不讀。
    在文章里,經(jīng)常會出現(xiàn)此類文字信息,目的是為了干擾視線。實際,沒有必要去弄明白某人是什么大學的什么教授,也不必急著去了解美國一個部門全稱或縮寫是什么具體意思,因為題目中極少直接考這樣的細節(jié)信息。做題時即使需要此類信息,利用人名或其它專有名詞都是開頭字母大寫的特征很容易找到。
    例如:
    People assume that office politics involves some manipulative (工于心計的)behavior,” says Deborah Comer, an assistant professor of management at Hofstra University. (2004年6月)
    A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a lift from a teenage driver. (2003年9月)
    劃線部分的信息可以一掃而過,目光不需要在上面停留細讀。
    第二節(jié)、長句解剖法
    一、找長句主干,常需反其道而行之。
    ·你能一眼挑出長句的主謂賓/主系表?
    ·主語易尋、謂語難找!
    ·怎么辦?
    ·先去枝葉,主干立現(xiàn)!
    方法:去枝去葉;水落石出
    ·枝:各類從句,標志有;
    ·名詞和代詞后面的That; who; when; where等關(guān)系詞、連接詞。
    ·葉:
    ·1. 各類插入語,標志為兩個逗號。
    ·2. 各類介詞短語。
    句型一:從句連環(huán)套
    ·最麻煩的句子--從句套從句怎么辦?
    ·*法:使用漢語連環(huán)套,順而解之。
    ·基本結(jié)構(gòu):A, AB, BC, CD
    The child A
    A who is raised in an environment B
    B where there are many stimuli C
    C which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses D
    will experience greater intellectual development.
    建立漢語接龍(連環(huán)套)
    ·A: 孩子A
    ·AB:孩子A生活在環(huán)境里B
    ·BC:環(huán)境里B有刺激因素C
    ·CD:刺激因素C開發(fā)他/她做出正確反應(yīng)的能力D
    ·大家發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么規(guī)律?
    ·接龍連接處為先行詞和引導(dǎo)詞,兩者在邏輯含意上指的是同一事物!
    這樣簡化的目的在于減少信息處理的復(fù)雜程度,加快解題速度。
    下一步就是根據(jù)英語句子的意思,調(diào)整漢語的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
    本句的解決方案是快速合并相同信息。
    至此,我們經(jīng)歷了一個拆分(英語)過程。
    句型二:短語眾多
    1. 標志很明顯,快刀斬亂麻,剔除所有介詞短語,類似同位語的成分。
    2. 合理預(yù)測句子主干的走向。
    3. 依據(jù)是什么?
    4. 固定搭配的一部分!通常是比較簡單的。
    5. 看到more你首先會想到哪個單詞?
    6. 看到as, rather, as well,呢?
    例句:
    ·For a family of four, for example,
    ·it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home,
    ·with almost unlimited entertainment available,
    ·than to go out
    ·in search of amusement elsewhere.
    ·提示:是關(guān)于看電視的文章。
    ·該句主干易確定,it is more A than B.
    二、主句簡單,而短語眾多的句子,需耐心層層剝開。
    例1:
    What refrigeration(冷藏技術(shù))did effectively promote was marketing --marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in search of a good price.
    What refrigeration(冷藏技術(shù)) did effectively promote
    was marketing
    --marketing hardware and electricity, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals
    around the globe
    in search of a good price.
    例2:
    Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.
    三、注意語境陷阱:
    對策:看清上下文,確定關(guān)鍵詞義。
    The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label: “store in the refrigerator.”
    In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily.
    按照剛才講的步驟做:
    1.把句子快速切割,抓出重點。
    2.必要時寫下主干漢語意思。