09年職稱英語等級考試閱讀理解習(xí)題集39

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閱讀判斷典型考點(diǎn)設(shè)置舉例:
    考點(diǎn)1:考察代詞(定冠詞結(jié)構(gòu))的指代內(nèi)容 (2007年理工A考題/ When we were asleep)
    18.When (在...的時候)we dream(做夢), there is less(較少的) movement (運(yùn)動)of electrical waves(電波)in our brains(大腦, 智力).
    A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned B.
    解析:問題句說“在我們做夢的時候, 我們大腦中的腦電波運(yùn)動較少” 從句意上看,該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息詞(electrical waves(腦電波)和brains(大腦))作為答案線索, 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句:(第2段)Scientists(科學(xué)家) can detect (察覺;檢測)when someone(某人) is having a dream(做夢) by using(使用) an instrument(工具,儀器,樂器) which measures(測量) the electrical waves (電波)in the brain. During(在...期間) dreaming, these waves move(移動, 運(yùn)動)more quickly(迅速地, 很快地). Breathing and pulse rate also increase,and there are rapid eye movements under the lids,just as though the dreamer were really looking at moving objects.These signs of dreaming have been detected in all mammals (哺乳動物) studied,including dogs,monkeys,cats,and elephants,and also some birds and reptiles (爬行動物).This period of sleep is called the“D”state for around 50% of their sleep;the period reduces to around 25% by the age of
    10. 答案相關(guān)句(劃線句)說“科學(xué)家們可以借助一種檢測大腦中腦電波的設(shè)備檢測出人是否在做夢”。該句沒有談到“做夢與腦電波之間的關(guān)系”,于是接著關(guān)注接下來的句子。接下來的句子說“During dreaming,these waves move more quickly(在做夢期間, 這些波運(yùn)動的很快)”, 根據(jù)代詞前指的特性判斷“these waves”就是指答案相關(guān)句中提到的“腦電波”, 綜合這兩句話的內(nèi)容得出的結(jié)論是“做夢時腦電波運(yùn)動較快”, 顯然問題句提供了錯誤信息。 考點(diǎn)2:考察推斷能力 (2007年理工A考題/ When we were asleep)
     19.Babies(嬰兒) dream less than (比...少)older(年長的) children(孩子)
    A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned B. 解析:問題句說“嬰兒做的夢比兒童做的夢少”。從句意上看,該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題。利用問題句中的細(xì)節(jié)信息(babies, older children)作為答案線索, 在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句: (第2段)Scientists can detect when someone is having a dream by using an instrument which measures the electrical waves in the brain.During dreaming,these waves move more quickly.Breathing(呼吸) and pulse(脈搏) rate(比率,速度) also increase(增加),and there are rapid(迅速的) eye movements(運(yùn)動) under the lids(眼皮),just as though (好像)the dreamer (做夢的人)were really(真正地) looking at(在看) moving(移動的) objects(物體).These signs (跡象,標(biāo)記)of dreaming have been detected(已經(jīng)被檢測到) in all mammals (哺乳動物) studied(被研究的), including dogs,monkeys,cats,and elephants,and also some birds and reptiles (爬行動物). This period of sleep is called the“D”state. Babies experience(經(jīng)歷,經(jīng)驗(yàn)) the “D”state (狀態(tài))for around 50% of their sleep(睡眠);the period(時期,周期) reduces(減少) to around 25% by the age of 10 答案相關(guān)句(直接涉及答案線索詞)說“嬰兒大約一半的睡眠時間都處于“D”狀態(tài), 這種狀態(tài)到10歲的時候就減少到了大約25%”, 現(xiàn)在需要確定“D”狀態(tài)是否與做夢相關(guān)。 答案相關(guān)句的前一句說“這個時期的睡眠被稱為D狀態(tài)”, 代詞通常都是前指,因此繼續(xù)關(guān)注前文內(nèi)容。 其前一句提到“這些做夢的跡象在所有的哺乳動物中都已經(jīng)被檢測到”?!斑@些做夢的跡象”是指前文中提到的“在做夢期間出現(xiàn)的呼吸頻率,脈搏頻率加快等做夢跡象”, 結(jié)合以上內(nèi)容判斷 “這個時期的睡眠”就是指“做夢的狀態(tài)”, 即“D”狀態(tài)。 因此判斷答案相關(guān)句是說“嬰兒大約一半的睡眠時間都處于做夢狀態(tài),這種狀態(tài)到10歲的時候就減少到了大約25%””, 由此推斷出“嬰兒比兒童的做夢時間長”,因此問題句提供了錯誤信息。
    考點(diǎn)3: 細(xì)節(jié)信息的查找和確認(rèn)(答案為“沒提到”的常設(shè)考點(diǎn))
    (2007年理工B/C考題/ Black Holes(黑洞))
    20. The sun (太陽) is the heaviest(最重的) star(恒星) in the universe(在宇宙里).
    A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned C.解析:問題句說“太陽是宇宙中最重的恒星”,從句意上判斷該題內(nèi)容涉及文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息, 屬于細(xì)節(jié)信息題。 利用問題句中的特征詞(the sun/太陽)作為答案線索,在文章中查找答案相關(guān)句: Black Holes Most scientists agree that black holes exist but are nearly impossible to locate. A black hole in the universe is not a solid object, like a planet, but it is shaped like a sphere (球體).Astronomers(天文學(xué)家)think that at the center of a black hole there is a single point in space with infinite(無限的)density(稠密).This single point is called a singularity (奇點(diǎn)).If the singularity theory is correct, it means that when a massive star collapses, all the material in it disappears into the singularity. The center of a black hole would not really be a hole at all, but an infinitely dense point. Anything that crosses the black hole is pulled in by its great gravity. Although black holes do exist, they are difficult to observe. These are the reasons.
    ● No light or anything else comes out of black holes. As a result, they are invisible to a telescope.
    ● In astronomical terms, black holes are truly. For example, a black hole formed by the collapse of a giant star would have an event horizon(視界)only 18 miles across.
    ● The nearest black holes would be dozens of light years away from Earth. One light year is about 6 trillion(萬億)miles. Even the most powerful telescopes could not pick out an object so small at such a great distance. In 1994 the Hubble Space Telescope provided evidence that black holes exist. There are still answers to be found, however,so black holes remain one of the mysteries of the universe. 結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)文章中根本沒有提到太陽,也沒有提到“the heaviest/最重的”, 因此判斷問題句的內(nèi)容在文章中沒有提到。
    提示: 如果問題句中的全部或部分信息在文章沒有呼應(yīng)內(nèi)容,則應(yīng)該判斷該問題句的信息在文章中沒有提及。
    閱讀判斷基本解題思路與答題技巧小結(jié):
    1. 閱讀文章標(biāo)題, 確認(rèn)文章主題;
    2. 直接解題:讀問題句, 弄清楚問題句的基本內(nèi)容, 根據(jù)其句意判斷問題類型:是細(xì)節(jié)題還是主旨題?
    如果是主旨題, 則可借助文章標(biāo)題內(nèi)容(標(biāo)題中的核心詞),文章開頭,文章結(jié)尾處的句子及文章中各個段落段首句的內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)綜合判斷文章主題;
    如果是細(xì)節(jié)題,則首先找出句子中的特征詞(專有名詞, 數(shù)字)和描述細(xì)節(jié)信息的詞語與結(jié)構(gòu)(如:時間/地點(diǎn)/條件/原因狀語,表示人及事物名稱的詞語), 也可參考問題中的核心謂語動詞及問題句中出現(xiàn)修飾詞, 利用這些詞語與結(jié)構(gòu)作為答案線索, 在文章中找到與之相呼應(yīng)的語句(答案相關(guān)句),對比答案相關(guān)句與問題句的結(jié)構(gòu)和句意, 判斷答案。
    提示:雖然有時找到的答案相關(guān)句不能直接幫助答題,但是往往真正的答案相關(guān)句通常就在其周邊的語句中。