GRE閱讀解題思路分析

字號(hào):

GRE的閱讀中所涉及到的內(nèi)容是十分廣闊的,我們不可能對(duì)所有的題材都十分熟悉,畢竟我們沒(méi)有那么多的時(shí)間去涉獵那么多的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域,我們的知識(shí)領(lǐng)域還是有空白之處的。在處理那些比較容易看懂的題材時(shí),我們往往會(huì)犯錯(cuò)。大多數(shù)時(shí)候,我們把文章通篇看了一下,覺(jué)得挺簡(jiǎn)單的,可到我們做題時(shí),就是選錯(cuò)了,而且更可氣的是,即使我們看了正確答案,也理解不了為什么不選我們的答案,甚至我們選擇的那個(gè)答案和正確答案都是對(duì)的,都可以在文章中找到相關(guān)的信息,感覺(jué)就是離正確答案很近了.
    在處理這種情況時(shí),盡量去摳題干中的字眼,適時(shí)發(fā)揮點(diǎn)中國(guó)人特有的“小聰明”,逆向思維一下!試著考慮一下作者的出題目的!
    The recent change to all-volunteer armed forces in the United States will eventually produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women’s assignments, but probably not the dramatic gains for women that might have been expected. This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work. The difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations. A significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending equality in this direction. Therefore, for women in the military, the search for equality will still be based on functional equivalence, not identity or even similarity of task. Opportunities seem certain to arise.
    According to the passage, despite the United States armed forces’ commitment to occupational equality for women in the military, certain other factors preclude women’s
    (A) Receiving equal pay for equal work,developing in the military.
    (B) Having access to positions of responsibility at most levels
    (C) Drawing assignments from a wider range of assignments than before
    (D) Benefiting from opportunities arising from new non combat functions
    (E) Being assigned all of the military tasks that are assigned to men
    一、理解題干
    在做這道題時(shí),首先將題干理解一下,“根據(jù)這段文字,盡管美國(guó)的武裝力量已經(jīng)保證在職位選擇上男女平等, 但是其他一些因素卻限制了女性不能干什么?”通看了一遍文章之后,再開(kāi)始細(xì)看選項(xiàng),選項(xiàng)B是說(shuō)阻止了女性進(jìn)入到職責(zé)各異的職業(yè)中, produce a gradual increase in the proportion of women in the armed forces and in the variety of women’s assignments, 在這句話(huà)中,說(shuō)了女性可能接觸到更多不同的職責(zé)與任務(wù),選項(xiàng)B的意思恰好與文中所表達(dá)的意思相反,C 與B 的錯(cuò)誤是一樣的. 而在選項(xiàng)D中, 是說(shuō)在非戰(zhàn)斗的新職位中,女生也可能不會(huì)從中獲益, The growing emphasis on deterrence is bound to offer increasing scope for women to become involved in novel types of non combat military assignments.文中的這句話(huà)已經(jīng)闡明了女生在非戰(zhàn)斗軍事任務(wù)分派中的優(yōu)勢(shì)地位, 所以也不能選這個(gè).然而在這些選項(xiàng)中有迷惑性的就是A,大多數(shù)的學(xué)生都會(huì)選擇選項(xiàng)A, A 是迷惑選項(xiàng)。A的意思是說(shuō)一些旁的因素使得女性在與男性同等的工作崗位上不能同薪同酬,在軍隊(duì)里不能得到發(fā)展。這句話(huà)看似正確,而且聽(tīng)起來(lái)也挺合理的。但是這是經(jīng)不起我們的細(xì)推的。
    二、搜索定位
    在處理這個(gè)題時(shí),一看到題干就應(yīng)該馬上從文章中找出相關(guān)的內(nèi)容,這也就是“搜索定位”,一眼掃過(guò)去,馬上在文中找到了相關(guān)的信息,“ This is so even though the armed forces operate in an ethos of institutional change oriented toward occupational equality and under the federal sanction of equal pay for equal work..” 找到這句話(huà)后,再分析一下句意, “如果沒(méi)有采取在同等的工作崗位上實(shí)施同薪同酬, 武裝部隊(duì)將會(huì)受到聯(lián)邦政府的懲罰,為避免這種結(jié)果,武裝部隊(duì)積極進(jìn)行機(jī)構(gòu)改革以實(shí)現(xiàn)職位選擇上的男女平等, 即使采取了這種措施, 情況也還是如此.” 這里說(shuō)的是盡管軍隊(duì)里做了相關(guān)的努力,但是結(jié)果并不盡如人意,因?yàn)槠渲写嬖谥芏嗟淖璧K因素。如果理解到這里,就不再看下去了,大多數(shù)人都會(huì)選擇A,而且好像理由也挺充分的,“對(duì)啊,即使軍隊(duì)里面進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的努力,可是沒(méi)有成效啊!”
    三、深層理解
    殊不知,這里只是文章給你下的一個(gè)套,其實(shí)文章后面就這些阻礙因素有詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明哦!緊接著這句,后面就說(shuō)出了碰到的一些難題?!癟he difficulty is that women are unlikely to be trained for any direct combat operations. A significant portion of the larger society remains uncomfortable as yet with extending equality in this direction.”意思是讓女性直接參與戰(zhàn)斗是不太可能的,而且大多數(shù)的社會(huì)群體也還不太能接受讓女性參與這種活動(dòng),其間接的含義就是說(shuō)女性自身沒(méi)有條件去承擔(dān)與男性同樣的工作,而且大多數(shù)社會(huì)群體還不能接受女性去干這種工作。這些也就是阻礙了軍隊(duì)改革成功的因素。
    理解了這層深意后,正確的選項(xiàng)D就浮出水面了,然后再把這個(gè)與候選的選項(xiàng)A相比較,細(xì)究起來(lái),A中說(shuō)的是很大范圍的,是全面的,D中的內(nèi)容就是導(dǎo)致A的原因,因?yàn)榕圆荒芙邮芘c男性同樣的工作,故同薪同酬就不可能實(shí)現(xiàn),進(jìn)而軍隊(duì)里的改革也不會(huì)有什么成效。這樣分析了后,就可以知道其實(shí)D是導(dǎo)致軍隊(duì)改革不成功的根本。
    四、發(fā)揮聰明才智
    其實(shí)整篇文章都在說(shuō)A選項(xiàng)里的內(nèi)容,如果要選擇A的話(huà),那么就大可不用這樣大費(fèi)周章的這樣問(wèn),直接問(wèn)“在軍營(yíng)的改革中,對(duì)女性依然不能實(shí)施同薪同酬的原因是什么?” 為什么還提到“其他的一些因素”。這樣大概推算了作者的思路之后,得出作者其實(shí)想問(wèn)的是后面的那些阻礙因素到底在哪個(gè)方面限制了女性。最后選為D。
    在GRE的閱讀理解中有很多這樣的題目,都是先給出一個(gè)讓人迷惑的選項(xiàng),有些時(shí)候那個(gè)迷惑人的答案并不是錯(cuò)的,它自身的說(shuō)法是正確的,只是不符合題意,所以在處理這類(lèi)題目時(shí)要尤其小心,切勿陷入陷阱!