在GRE閱讀中, 有很多題目是在文章中找不到定位,用定位分析的方法解決不了問(wèn)題,或者說(shuō)是只能找到一兩句離題很遠(yuǎn)的句子,而且這類題目的選項(xiàng)看起來(lái)似乎都是一個(gè)比一個(gè)玄乎,有些選項(xiàng)里面的內(nèi)容看起來(lái)感覺(jué)丈二和尚摸不著頭腦,都是文章中沒(méi)有提到的,越想越不對(duì),怎么會(huì)這樣呢?這時(shí)就應(yīng)該試試我們平常很少用的方法,個(gè)人推理?BINGO!
適合加入個(gè)人理解的題目一般具有以下特點(diǎn):
1、題目中包含這樣的提示詞:
It can be inferred from the passage that
We can get a conclusion from the passage that
What can be concluded from the passage?
2、文章中找不到與題目相關(guān)的信息或者與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的句子中找不到解題的直接信息
3、題目給出的選項(xiàng),都是從文章不能直接找到的
解析這種題時(shí),不能光看一句話,而應(yīng)該看整篇文章,通觀全文后,再做決定。通常做這個(gè)題目時(shí)都不是很容易,要適時(shí)運(yùn)用一下自己的推理,然而這里所提到的添加個(gè)人理解是要在原文理解了的前提下,并不是鼓勵(lì)你一看到題目,就開(kāi)始浮想聯(lián)翩,采用個(gè)人理解的前提就是要在理解了原文的基礎(chǔ)之上,也就是說(shuō)采用個(gè)人理解與忠實(shí)于原文并不矛盾,所以考生們并不能妄自推測(cè),認(rèn)為只要天馬行空的想就可以了!在對(duì)文章的整個(gè)內(nèi)容有個(gè)把握之后,再添加自己的理解,最后才能得出正確的答案。
很多時(shí)候考生碰到這種題目時(shí),都會(huì)手足無(wú)措,仔細(xì)看文章時(shí),好像找不到什么信息,不看文章,自己推理吧,又有“想當(dāng)然”的嫌疑!其實(shí)不然,“想當(dāng)然” 的錯(cuò)誤, 是在文章中有詳細(xì)的信息闡述了這個(gè)問(wèn)題, 可以直接得出正確答案的情況下, 考生根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn), 強(qiáng)加于文章, 進(jìn)而得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。我們平時(shí)經(jīng)常說(shuō)要避免這種錯(cuò)誤,但是我們不能因?yàn)樘砑恿俗约旱耐评砭褪?“想當(dāng)然”,不能一竿子打翻一船人,不可以說(shuō)一添加自己的推理就是 “想當(dāng)然”,在理解了原文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的合理推測(cè)就不是 “想當(dāng)然”,這種題目就是需要我們主動(dòng)去推理,就是要大膽的加入自己的推理,該出手時(shí)就出手!
Extended debate concerning the exact point of origin of individual folktales told by Afro-American slaves has unfortunately taken precedence over analysis of the tales meaning and function. Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and perpetuation of specific folktales in their pristine form. It is in the place that tales occupied in the lives of the slaves and in the meaning slaves derived from them that the clearest resemblances to African tradition can be found. Afro-American slaves did not borrow tales indiscriminately from the Whites among whom they lived. Black people were most influenced by those Euro-American tales whose functional meaning and aesthetic appeal had the greatest similarity to the tales with deep roots in their ancestral homeland. Regardless of where slave tales came from, the essential point is that, with respect to language, delivery, details of characterization, and plot, slaves quickly made them their own.
1. The passage suggests that the author would regard which of the following areas of inquiry as most likely to reveal the slaves’ cultural continuities with Africa?
(A) The means by which Blacks disseminated their folktales in nineteenth-century America
(B) Specific regional differences in the styles of delivery used by the slaves in telling folktales
(C) The functional meaning of Black folktales in the lives of White children raised by slaves
(D) The specific way the slaves used folktales to impart moral teachings to their children
(E) The complexities of plot that appear most frequently in the slaves’ tales
看題
題目的意思是說(shuō): “在調(diào)查的哪個(gè)方面最能體現(xiàn)與非洲文化的延續(xù)性?” 與該題目有關(guān)的, 在文章就只能找到一句話. “It is in the place that tales occupied in the lives of the slaves and in the meaning slaves derived from them that the clearest resemblances to African tradition can be found.” 意思是 “是否是非洲文化的延續(xù)關(guān)鍵是看這些民間傳說(shuō)在這些奴隸們生命中是什么地位,有什么意義?!?BR> 分析:
選項(xiàng)A “通過(guò)黑人在19世紀(jì)的美國(guó)傳播民間傳說(shuō)的方式. ” 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不可以, 文中根本就沒(méi)有提到19世紀(jì)的美國(guó), 天馬行空也太遠(yuǎn)了點(diǎn)。
選項(xiàng)B 是說(shuō) “那些奴隸們傳播民間傳說(shuō)時(shí),具體的地區(qū)差別中可以體現(xiàn)非洲文化的延續(xù)性.” 這點(diǎn)文章中也沒(méi)有提到, 雖然在關(guān)鍵句中有出現(xiàn) place的字樣, 但是這里并不是指的哪個(gè)具體的地方, 說(shuō)的而是在奴隸們的生命中的地位。
選項(xiàng)C, “ 黑人的民間傳說(shuō)對(duì)那些由黑人養(yǎng)大的白人孩子, 所產(chǎn)生的功能意義中可以體現(xiàn)非洲文化的延續(xù)性。.” 這點(diǎn)更是錯(cuò)誤的, 文章中提到 “Euro-American tales whose functional meaning and aesthetic appeal had the greatest similarity to the tales with deep roots in their ancestral homeland.” 也就是說(shuō)這些白人的故事是源于自己的文化, 這樣也就是說(shuō)跟黑人的文化沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 這樣的話, 選項(xiàng)C也是錯(cuò)的。
選項(xiàng)D, “從奴隸們給自己的孩子傳授倫理道德知識(shí)的具體方法中可以看出非洲文化的延續(xù)性.” 根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵句子, “從民間傳說(shuō)在奴隸們的生命中所占有的位置, 對(duì)他們的生命產(chǎn)生的影響, 可以看出非洲文化的延續(xù)性?!?BR> 推導(dǎo):通過(guò)什么方式能讓這個(gè)民間傳說(shuō)在自己的生命里產(chǎn)生影響呢, 對(duì)自己以后的生命都有所觸動(dòng)呢, 那就只能是從小父母親的教導(dǎo)了,而且這些也都是在父母給自己的小孩灌輸倫理道德知識(shí)的時(shí)候,才能使得這些民間傳說(shuō)影響奴隸們的一生。故選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。
選項(xiàng)E, “通過(guò)在奴隸們的故事中最頻繁出現(xiàn)的畫面.” 這個(gè)好像看起來(lái)是對(duì)的, 但是這里問(wèn)的是文化的延續(xù)性, 并沒(méi)有問(wèn)最能體現(xiàn)非洲文化的是什么.
小結(jié):
如果碰到這種問(wèn)通過(guò)閱讀文章可以得出什么結(jié)論的題目時(shí),理解了原文后,在文章中就是找不到相關(guān)信息, 或者說(shuō)是只能找到一兩句離題甚遠(yuǎn)的話時(shí), 要能夠自己想, 摻加點(diǎn)自己的推理。當(dāng)然并不是說(shuō)在做所有的題目時(shí), 都加上自己的想法, 只有那些文中找不到, 需要我們的推理時(shí), 才可以, 不然的話, 又成為了我們經(jīng)常犯的 “想當(dāng)然” 錯(cuò)誤了!
適合加入個(gè)人理解的題目一般具有以下特點(diǎn):
1、題目中包含這樣的提示詞:
It can be inferred from the passage that
We can get a conclusion from the passage that
What can be concluded from the passage?
2、文章中找不到與題目相關(guān)的信息或者與問(wèn)題有關(guān)的句子中找不到解題的直接信息
3、題目給出的選項(xiàng),都是從文章不能直接找到的
解析這種題時(shí),不能光看一句話,而應(yīng)該看整篇文章,通觀全文后,再做決定。通常做這個(gè)題目時(shí)都不是很容易,要適時(shí)運(yùn)用一下自己的推理,然而這里所提到的添加個(gè)人理解是要在原文理解了的前提下,并不是鼓勵(lì)你一看到題目,就開(kāi)始浮想聯(lián)翩,采用個(gè)人理解的前提就是要在理解了原文的基礎(chǔ)之上,也就是說(shuō)采用個(gè)人理解與忠實(shí)于原文并不矛盾,所以考生們并不能妄自推測(cè),認(rèn)為只要天馬行空的想就可以了!在對(duì)文章的整個(gè)內(nèi)容有個(gè)把握之后,再添加自己的理解,最后才能得出正確的答案。
很多時(shí)候考生碰到這種題目時(shí),都會(huì)手足無(wú)措,仔細(xì)看文章時(shí),好像找不到什么信息,不看文章,自己推理吧,又有“想當(dāng)然”的嫌疑!其實(shí)不然,“想當(dāng)然” 的錯(cuò)誤, 是在文章中有詳細(xì)的信息闡述了這個(gè)問(wèn)題, 可以直接得出正確答案的情況下, 考生根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn), 強(qiáng)加于文章, 進(jìn)而得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。我們平時(shí)經(jīng)常說(shuō)要避免這種錯(cuò)誤,但是我們不能因?yàn)樘砑恿俗约旱耐评砭褪?“想當(dāng)然”,不能一竿子打翻一船人,不可以說(shuō)一添加自己的推理就是 “想當(dāng)然”,在理解了原文的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行的合理推測(cè)就不是 “想當(dāng)然”,這種題目就是需要我們主動(dòng)去推理,就是要大膽的加入自己的推理,該出手時(shí)就出手!
Extended debate concerning the exact point of origin of individual folktales told by Afro-American slaves has unfortunately taken precedence over analysis of the tales meaning and function. Cultural continuities with Africa were not dependent on importation and perpetuation of specific folktales in their pristine form. It is in the place that tales occupied in the lives of the slaves and in the meaning slaves derived from them that the clearest resemblances to African tradition can be found. Afro-American slaves did not borrow tales indiscriminately from the Whites among whom they lived. Black people were most influenced by those Euro-American tales whose functional meaning and aesthetic appeal had the greatest similarity to the tales with deep roots in their ancestral homeland. Regardless of where slave tales came from, the essential point is that, with respect to language, delivery, details of characterization, and plot, slaves quickly made them their own.
1. The passage suggests that the author would regard which of the following areas of inquiry as most likely to reveal the slaves’ cultural continuities with Africa?
(A) The means by which Blacks disseminated their folktales in nineteenth-century America
(B) Specific regional differences in the styles of delivery used by the slaves in telling folktales
(C) The functional meaning of Black folktales in the lives of White children raised by slaves
(D) The specific way the slaves used folktales to impart moral teachings to their children
(E) The complexities of plot that appear most frequently in the slaves’ tales
看題
題目的意思是說(shuō): “在調(diào)查的哪個(gè)方面最能體現(xiàn)與非洲文化的延續(xù)性?” 與該題目有關(guān)的, 在文章就只能找到一句話. “It is in the place that tales occupied in the lives of the slaves and in the meaning slaves derived from them that the clearest resemblances to African tradition can be found.” 意思是 “是否是非洲文化的延續(xù)關(guān)鍵是看這些民間傳說(shuō)在這些奴隸們生命中是什么地位,有什么意義?!?BR> 分析:
選項(xiàng)A “通過(guò)黑人在19世紀(jì)的美國(guó)傳播民間傳說(shuō)的方式. ” 這個(gè)選項(xiàng)不可以, 文中根本就沒(méi)有提到19世紀(jì)的美國(guó), 天馬行空也太遠(yuǎn)了點(diǎn)。
選項(xiàng)B 是說(shuō) “那些奴隸們傳播民間傳說(shuō)時(shí),具體的地區(qū)差別中可以體現(xiàn)非洲文化的延續(xù)性.” 這點(diǎn)文章中也沒(méi)有提到, 雖然在關(guān)鍵句中有出現(xiàn) place的字樣, 但是這里并不是指的哪個(gè)具體的地方, 說(shuō)的而是在奴隸們的生命中的地位。
選項(xiàng)C, “ 黑人的民間傳說(shuō)對(duì)那些由黑人養(yǎng)大的白人孩子, 所產(chǎn)生的功能意義中可以體現(xiàn)非洲文化的延續(xù)性。.” 這點(diǎn)更是錯(cuò)誤的, 文章中提到 “Euro-American tales whose functional meaning and aesthetic appeal had the greatest similarity to the tales with deep roots in their ancestral homeland.” 也就是說(shuō)這些白人的故事是源于自己的文化, 這樣也就是說(shuō)跟黑人的文化沒(méi)有關(guān)系。 這樣的話, 選項(xiàng)C也是錯(cuò)的。
選項(xiàng)D, “從奴隸們給自己的孩子傳授倫理道德知識(shí)的具體方法中可以看出非洲文化的延續(xù)性.” 根據(jù)文章的關(guān)鍵句子, “從民間傳說(shuō)在奴隸們的生命中所占有的位置, 對(duì)他們的生命產(chǎn)生的影響, 可以看出非洲文化的延續(xù)性?!?BR> 推導(dǎo):通過(guò)什么方式能讓這個(gè)民間傳說(shuō)在自己的生命里產(chǎn)生影響呢, 對(duì)自己以后的生命都有所觸動(dòng)呢, 那就只能是從小父母親的教導(dǎo)了,而且這些也都是在父母給自己的小孩灌輸倫理道德知識(shí)的時(shí)候,才能使得這些民間傳說(shuō)影響奴隸們的一生。故選項(xiàng)D是正確答案。
選項(xiàng)E, “通過(guò)在奴隸們的故事中最頻繁出現(xiàn)的畫面.” 這個(gè)好像看起來(lái)是對(duì)的, 但是這里問(wèn)的是文化的延續(xù)性, 并沒(méi)有問(wèn)最能體現(xiàn)非洲文化的是什么.
小結(jié):
如果碰到這種問(wèn)通過(guò)閱讀文章可以得出什么結(jié)論的題目時(shí),理解了原文后,在文章中就是找不到相關(guān)信息, 或者說(shuō)是只能找到一兩句離題甚遠(yuǎn)的話時(shí), 要能夠自己想, 摻加點(diǎn)自己的推理。當(dāng)然并不是說(shuō)在做所有的題目時(shí), 都加上自己的想法, 只有那些文中找不到, 需要我們的推理時(shí), 才可以, 不然的話, 又成為了我們經(jīng)常犯的 “想當(dāng)然” 錯(cuò)誤了!