寫作語匯技巧(三)

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(四)動詞形式不正確
    考生容易犯的錯誤還有對動詞在不同地方使用的形式把握不清,有的應(yīng)該使用動名詞的,卻直接用了動詞原形,有的應(yīng)該使用過去分詞的,卻是用了動名詞??忌枳⒁庖韵聨c(diǎn):固定搭配中的動詞形式;動名詞或動詞不定式可以作主語;不同時態(tài)、語態(tài)中的動詞形式。虛擬語氣也是寫作中容易出錯的地方,主要是由于考生在寫作中沒有使用虛擬語氣的意識。所以,在平時考生應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對虛擬語氣的了解,注意虛擬語氣中動詞的使用。
    1、Original: So take all the above factors into account,I may not quite agree with the opinion that parents are our best teaches.
    Revised:So,taking all of the above factors into account,I do not agree with the opinion that parents are our best teachers.
    本段開頭的so take all… 本應(yīng)該是伴隨狀語成分,但作者直接用了動詞原形,這是錯誤的,應(yīng)該和主句的主語I保持邏輯一致,是作者把以上的因素考慮在內(nèi)的。除此以外,原句中作者為能明確表明自己的立場,把may not quite agree改為do not agree。
    2、Original:We can enjoy the art of cuisine in cooking rather than tolerating the time-consuming preparation.
    Revised: We can enjoy the art of cooking rather than simply tolerate the time-consuming preparation.
    rather than的前后用此應(yīng)保持一致,此處rather than后的用詞要與其前面的動詞原形enjoy保持一致,故將tolerating改為tolerate。原句中還有一個用此問題,cuisine本意為“烹飪”,與in cooking沖突,故只保留一個cooking即可。
    3、Original:Drink water with hygiene will certainly benefit the local folks a lot.
    Revised:Drinking clean water will certainly benefit the local population.
    原句動名詞作主語,將drink該為drinking。原句中還有詞匯表達(dá)問題:干凈的水用clean water表達(dá)恰當(dāng),不用water with hygiene。
    4、Original:The rapid development of science and technology has lead to an increasing need for more relaxation in off-work time.
    Revised:The rapid development of modern economies has led to an increasing need for more relaxation in off-work time.
    原句中l(wèi)ead在現(xiàn)在完成時中應(yīng)該用過去分詞,應(yīng)該為led。
    5、Original:CCTV 10 is such a channel intended to teach people...
    Revised:CCTV 10 is a channe that teaches people...
    原句中的intend不應(yīng)用過去分詞的形式。
    6、Original:They keep focused on money while friends and families slip away.
    Revised:They keep focusing on money while friends and families slip away.
    focus(聚焦、集中于)此處應(yīng)該用動名詞形式,keep doing“一直做某事”,keep focusing on。
    (五)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)、冠詞的使用
    1、Original:a even brighter future
    Revised:an even brighter future
    even是以元音因素開頭的,所以用不定冠詞an。
    2、Original:I often watch TV with my father when there is a NBA game.
    Revised:I often watch TV with my father when there is an NBA game.
    字母N是以元音因素(e)開頭的,故用不定冠詞an。
    3、Original:Additionally getting a job will enrich their experience and build up their resume,better preparing them for the future career.
    Revised:Additionally getting a job will enrich their experience and build up their resume,better preparing them for future careers.
    原句中是指“他們(年輕人)未來的事業(yè)”,這些人將來會有所不同的事業(yè),故career要變復(fù)數(shù);將來的事業(yè)此處不是特指,不需要加定冠詞the。
    (六)用詞與文章風(fēng)格不符
    在托福作為寫作中,應(yīng)避免使用口語化的詞或表達(dá),如俚語、省略表達(dá)(can't);也應(yīng)該避免使用概念較大或者學(xué)術(shù)性的詞或表達(dá)。
    1、Original:It is in intelligence that makes people successful and earn large sum of bucks and gain great reputation!
    Revised:So,I believe it is intelligence that leads to success in terms of financial wealth and reputation.
    buck有“美元”的意思,但這是一種非常不正式的說法。在寫作中所使用的語言要注意整體的風(fēng)格,如果在正式的寫作中出現(xiàn)及其口語化或俚語化的詞語,會讓閱卷者感到很突兀。
    2、Original:The international banks are cognizant of the new law's significance.
    Revised:The international banks are aware of the new law'significance.
    cognizant是十分正式的詞(屬于jargon),此處用aware即可,在托福寫作中,要避免使用屬于性質(zhì)的詞。