一、大綱要求
最新《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》（1999）對(duì)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法的要求是：“鞏固和加深基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，提高在語(yǔ)篇水平上運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力?！?BR> 二、四級(jí)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯考查內(nèi)容
四級(jí)考試對(duì)語(yǔ)法詞匯的考查與《大綱》要求是十分一致的。綜觀近年來(lái)的四級(jí)考試題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法詞匯部分是這樣體現(xiàn)《大綱》的。
1．語(yǔ)法考題的涉及面寬
近年考題曾經(jīng)考到：幾乎所有詞類，三種動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，名詞從句，形容詞從句，副詞從句，獨(dú)立主格，一致，倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)等基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。
2．語(yǔ)法考試的重點(diǎn)突出
語(yǔ)法考試的重點(diǎn)為內(nèi)容龐雜較難掌握的項(xiàng)目，這些項(xiàng)目還反復(fù)出現(xiàn)如：虛擬語(yǔ)氣，狀語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句，獨(dú)立主格，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
3．具體考查重點(diǎn)為以上項(xiàng)目中的特殊用法，不常用的情況
1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)為：would rather＋that從句＋一般過去時(shí)：It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／ advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋動(dòng)詞原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般過去時(shí)：proposal／suggestion＋that＋動(dòng)詞原形；lest＋that＋should＋動(dòng)詞原形；if only＋that＋would＋動(dòng)詞原形。
2）狀語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)為：非if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，此類句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等來(lái)替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；just／hardly…when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；more than，as…as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)多以邏輯主語(yǔ)＋分詞的形式出現(xiàn)。
4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多與完成時(shí)形式連用。
5）定語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)考查介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（which）和as作為關(guān)系代詞。
4．詞匯的考查重點(diǎn)為
1）動(dòng)詞，名詞與介詞的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2）習(xí)慣用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；
be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3）由同一動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)如：come，go，set，break等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)。
4）單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞，抽象名詞，形容詞和副詞多以近義詞、同義詞的形式出現(xiàn)。
5）介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外還應(yīng)注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等詞在考題中的出現(xiàn)。
5．近年來(lái)考題中的新趨勢(shì)為：若干考點(diǎn)混合出現(xiàn)：一些交際用語(yǔ)也時(shí)常出現(xiàn)在考題中。
附：歷年四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法題選
一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查點(diǎn)
essential , important 等詞后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣； 1) It was essential that the application forms___ back before the deadline （90年1月四級(jí)考試.）
A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent（答案是C）
2) It is vital that enough money ___ to fund the project . （97年1月四級(jí)考試.）
A is collected B be collected C must be collected D can be collected （答案是C）
if only ,wish等詞后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣； 1) Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If I ___ your advice . （93年6月四級(jí)考試.）
A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed （答案是B）
2) I wish I ___ longer this morning ,but I had to get up and come to class. （95年6月四級(jí)考試.）
A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept （答案是D）
條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) H e must have had an accident , or he ___ then （90年1月四級(jí)考試.）.
A would have been here B should be here C had to be here D would be here （答案是A）
二 動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式和過去分詞
分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
1）名詞 （代詞）+ 分詞
A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. (90/1)
A） working out C) having been worked
B) having worked out D) to have been worked out (C)
With + 名詞（代詞）+ V--ed或V--ing
2) After the Arab states won independence , great emphasis was laid on expanding education , with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school . (97/1)
A) to be couraged B) being encouraged C) been encouraged D) be encouraged (B)
動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)
They are considering _______ before the prices go up. (89/1)
A of buying the house C buying the house
B with buying the house D to buy the house (C)
分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)
________with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces. (92/6)
A Dissatisfying thoroughly C Being thoroughly dissatisfied
B to dissatisfy thoroughly D To be thoroughly dissatisfied (C)
分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)
If I correct someone , I will do it with as much good bumor and self C restraint as if I were the one _______. (95/1)
A to correct B correcting C having corrected D being correcting (D)
分詞短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
When I caught him _______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. (97/1)
A cheat B cheating C to cheat D to be cheating (B)
三 不定式
不定式在wh—Q，what ，how 等之后；
There is more land in Australia than the government knows ________. (89/1)
A what to do with B how to do C to do with it D to do it (A)
不定式做定語(yǔ)
不定式在 + which/who 之后做定語(yǔ)
不定式的進(jìn)行式
不定式的完成式
不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
省to的不定式
四 名詞做定語(yǔ)
I walked too much yesterday and ________ are still aching now . (95/6)
A my leg’s muscles C my leg muscles
B my muscles of leg D my muscles of the leg (C)
五 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
The fifth generation computers , with artificial intelligence , ___________ and perfected now. (96/1)
A developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed (C)
六 時(shí)態(tài)
過完成式時(shí)
Before the first non C stop flight made in 1994 , it _____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling . (95/1)
A would be B has been C had been D would have been (C)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
It seems oil _____ form this pipe for some time , we’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right .(97/6)
A had leaked B is leaking C leaked D has been leaking (D)
將來(lái)完成時(shí)
It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _____ by about 10% . (96/1)
A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising (A)
七 詞序（副詞的位置，前置定語(yǔ)的位置）
I could not find ____ , and so I took this one .(91/6)
A a large enough coat B a large coat enough C an enough large coat D a coat enough large (A)
八 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class ; she _____ have studied very hard . (89/1)
A may B should C must D ought to (C)
九 定語(yǔ)從句
_____ might be expected , the response to the question was very mixed . ( 95/1)
A As B That C It D What (A)
十 同位語(yǔ)從句
The mere fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does mean that it will not occur .(97/6)
A what B which C that D why (C)
十一 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
___--she first heard of the man referred to as specialist . (90/1)
A That was form Stephen B It was Stephen
C It was form Stephen D It was Stephen that (C)
十二 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性
How close parents are to there children ____ a strong influence on the character of the children .
A have B has C having D to have (B)
十三 省略
_____ with the size of the whole earth , the highest mountain does not seem high at all . (90/1)
A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing (A)
十四 到裝
She never laughed , ____ lose he temper .(90/1)
A or she ever did B nor did she ever C or did she ever D nor she ever did (B)
十五 狀語(yǔ)從句
You can not be ____ careful when you drive a car .(97/6 )
A very B so C too D enough (C)
最新《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教學(xué)大綱》（1999）對(duì)四級(jí)語(yǔ)法的要求是：“鞏固和加深基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，提高在語(yǔ)篇水平上運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力?！?BR> 二、四級(jí)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)與詞匯考查內(nèi)容
四級(jí)考試對(duì)語(yǔ)法詞匯的考查與《大綱》要求是十分一致的。綜觀近年來(lái)的四級(jí)考試題，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法詞匯部分是這樣體現(xiàn)《大綱》的。
1．語(yǔ)法考題的涉及面寬
近年考題曾經(jīng)考到：幾乎所有詞類，三種動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式，名詞從句，形容詞從句，副詞從句，獨(dú)立主格，一致，倒裝，強(qiáng)調(diào)等基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。
2．語(yǔ)法考試的重點(diǎn)突出
語(yǔ)法考試的重點(diǎn)為內(nèi)容龐雜較難掌握的項(xiàng)目，這些項(xiàng)目還反復(fù)出現(xiàn)如：虛擬語(yǔ)氣，狀語(yǔ)從句，定語(yǔ)從句，獨(dú)立主格，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
3．具體考查重點(diǎn)為以上項(xiàng)目中的特殊用法，不常用的情況
1）虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)為：would rather＋that從句＋一般過去時(shí)：It is vital／ necessary／ important／ urgent／ imperative／ desirable／ advisable／ natural／ essential＋that＋動(dòng)詞原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般過去時(shí)：proposal／suggestion＋that＋動(dòng)詞原形；lest＋that＋should＋動(dòng)詞原形；if only＋that＋would＋動(dòng)詞原形。
2）狀語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)為：非if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，此類句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等來(lái)替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句；just／hardly…when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；more than，as…as，not so much as，the same as，as much as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)多以邏輯主語(yǔ)＋分詞的形式出現(xiàn)。
4）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞多與完成時(shí)形式連用。
5）定語(yǔ)從句重點(diǎn)考查介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（which）和as作為關(guān)系代詞。
4．詞匯的考查重點(diǎn)為
1）動(dòng)詞，名詞與介詞的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2）習(xí)慣用法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；
be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3）由同一動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)如：come，go，set，break等構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)。
4）單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞，抽象名詞，形容詞和副詞多以近義詞、同義詞的形式出現(xiàn)。
5）介詞短語(yǔ)在句中作狀語(yǔ)如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外還應(yīng)注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等詞在考題中的出現(xiàn)。
5．近年來(lái)考題中的新趨勢(shì)為：若干考點(diǎn)混合出現(xiàn)：一些交際用語(yǔ)也時(shí)常出現(xiàn)在考題中。
附：歷年四級(jí)考試語(yǔ)法題選
一 虛擬語(yǔ)氣考查點(diǎn)
essential , important 等詞后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣； 1) It was essential that the application forms___ back before the deadline （90年1月四級(jí)考試.）
A must be sent B would be sent C be sent D were sent（答案是C）
2) It is vital that enough money ___ to fund the project . （97年1月四級(jí)考試.）
A is collected B be collected C must be collected D can be collected （答案是C）
if only ,wish等詞后的虛擬語(yǔ)氣； 1) Look at the terrible situation I am in ! If I ___ your advice . （93年6月四級(jí)考試.）
A follow B had followed C would follow D have followed （答案是B）
2) I wish I ___ longer this morning ,but I had to get up and come to class. （95年6月四級(jí)考試.）
A have slept B slept C might have slept D could have slept （答案是D）
條件從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1) H e must have had an accident , or he ___ then （90年1月四級(jí)考試.）.
A would have been here B should be here C had to be here D would be here （答案是A）
二 動(dòng)詞的 ing 形式和過去分詞
分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)
1）名詞 （代詞）+ 分詞
A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent. (90/1)
A） working out C) having been worked
B) having worked out D) to have been worked out (C)
With + 名詞（代詞）+ V--ed或V--ing
2) After the Arab states won independence , great emphasis was laid on expanding education , with girls as well as boys _______ to go to school . (97/1)
A) to be couraged B) being encouraged C) been encouraged D) be encouraged (B)
動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)做賓語(yǔ)
They are considering _______ before the prices go up. (89/1)
A of buying the house C buying the house
B with buying the house D to buy the house (C)
分詞短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)
________with the picture, Mary tore it to pieces. (92/6)
A Dissatisfying thoroughly C Being thoroughly dissatisfied
B to dissatisfy thoroughly D To be thoroughly dissatisfied (C)
分詞短語(yǔ)做定語(yǔ)
If I correct someone , I will do it with as much good bumor and self C restraint as if I were the one _______. (95/1)
A to correct B correcting C having corrected D being correcting (D)
分詞短語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
When I caught him _______ me I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop. (97/1)
A cheat B cheating C to cheat D to be cheating (B)
三 不定式
不定式在wh—Q，what ，how 等之后；
There is more land in Australia than the government knows ________. (89/1)
A what to do with B how to do C to do with it D to do it (A)
不定式做定語(yǔ)
不定式在 + which/who 之后做定語(yǔ)
不定式的進(jìn)行式
不定式的完成式
不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
省to的不定式
四 名詞做定語(yǔ)
I walked too much yesterday and ________ are still aching now . (95/6)
A my leg’s muscles C my leg muscles
B my muscles of leg D my muscles of the leg (C)
五 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
The fifth generation computers , with artificial intelligence , ___________ and perfected now. (96/1)
A developed B have developed C are being developed D will have been developed (C)
六 時(shí)態(tài)
過完成式時(shí)
Before the first non C stop flight made in 1994 , it _____ necessary for all planes to land for refueling . (95/1)
A would be B has been C had been D would have been (C)
現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
It seems oil _____ form this pipe for some time , we’ll have to take the machine apart to put it right .(97/6)
A had leaked B is leaking C leaked D has been leaking (D)
將來(lái)完成時(shí)
It’s reported that by the end of this month the output of cement in the factory _____ by about 10% . (96/1)
A will have risen B has risen C will be rising D has been rising (A)
七 詞序（副詞的位置，前置定語(yǔ)的位置）
I could not find ____ , and so I took this one .(91/6)
A a large enough coat B a large coat enough C an enough large coat D a coat enough large (A)
八 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class ; she _____ have studied very hard . (89/1)
A may B should C must D ought to (C)
九 定語(yǔ)從句
_____ might be expected , the response to the question was very mixed . ( 95/1)
A As B That C It D What (A)
十 同位語(yǔ)從句
The mere fact ____ most people believe nuclear war would be madness does mean that it will not occur .(97/6)
A what B which C that D why (C)
十一 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型
___--she first heard of the man referred to as specialist . (90/1)
A That was form Stephen B It was Stephen
C It was form Stephen D It was Stephen that (C)
十二 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一致性
How close parents are to there children ____ a strong influence on the character of the children .
A have B has C having D to have (B)
十三 省略
_____ with the size of the whole earth , the highest mountain does not seem high at all . (90/1)
A When compared B Compare C While comparing D Comparing (A)
十四 到裝
She never laughed , ____ lose he temper .(90/1)
A or she ever did B nor did she ever C or did she ever D nor she ever did (B)
十五 狀語(yǔ)從句
You can not be ____ careful when you drive a car .(97/6 )
A very B so C too D enough (C)