Text A Diamonds
本課主要單詞
1.rare adj. 稀有的，難得的
These animals are so rare that I would do whatever I can to save them.〔這些動(dòng)物很稀有，我會(huì)盡我所能去保護(hù)它們?！?BR> On the rare occasions when the old lady had any post， the little boy downstairs would go and get it for her.〔老太太難得有信，只要有信總是樓下的小男孩幫她去拿?！?BR> Snow is rare in this part of China.〔中國(guó)的這個(gè)地區(qū)難得下雪?！?BR> It is very rare for him to say “Sorry” to any others.〔他難得會(huì)對(duì)任何人說“對(duì)不起”。〕
Believe it or not， she is a rare beauty.〔信不信由你，她是一個(gè)百里挑一的美人。〕
a rare word〔冷僻的詞〕 rare metals〔稀有金屬〕
a rare disease（罕見的疾?。 rare medicinal herb〔珍奇藥草〕
2.substance n. 物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)；大意；根據(jù)
They were trying to remove harmful substances from the soil.〔他們正設(shè)法去除土壤里的有害物質(zhì)?！?BR> Ice， snow and water are the same substance in different forms.〔冰、雪、水是同一物質(zhì)的三種不同形式?！?BR> What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance？〔去聽一個(gè)沒有什么內(nèi)容的講座有什么意義呢？〕
What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.〔他大體上說的是我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施防止污染?！?BR> There was no substance in his complaints.〔他的抱怨沒有道理?！?BR> 3.slight adj. 輕微的；纖細(xì)的
Mother said she had a slight headache.〔媽媽說她有點(diǎn)頭疼。〕
I didn't have the slightest idea about what had happened.〔我一點(diǎn)都不知道發(fā)生了什么事?！?BR> His chances of winning the election are very slight.〔他在選舉中獲勝的可能性極小?！?BR> He is too slight to play football.〔他太纖細(xì)，不能踢足球?！?BR> 4.extreme adj. 極端的，極度的；盡頭的 n. 極端
He died in extreme poverty.〔他在極度貧困中死去。〕
You have to proceed your work with extreme caution.〔你得極其謹(jǐn)慎地繼續(xù)你的工作。〕
Extreme action will be taken if necessary.〔如有必要，我們將采取嚴(yán)厲的行動(dòng)?！?BR> His hospitality was carried to an extreme.〔他好客得過分了?！?BR> She found the book uninteresting to the extreme.〔她覺得那本書沒意思透了?！?BR> extreme joy/pain 〔極度的歡樂/痛苦〕 an extreme of sadness〔極度傷心〕
go from one extreme to the other〔從一個(gè)極端走到另一個(gè)極端〕
go to the other extreme 〔走到另一個(gè)極端〕
in the extreme〔極度，非?！?BR> extremes of poverty and wealth〔貧富的兩極〕
5.pressure n. 壓力，壓強(qiáng)
The water pressure may need adjusting.〔水壓可能需要調(diào)整。〕
It was a pressure of five tons per square meter.〔每平方米的壓力為五噸?！?BR> Heavy study load and great expectation from parents may give children too much pressure.〔沉重的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)以及家長(zhǎng)的過高期望可能會(huì)給孩子太大的壓力?！?BR> He was under constant pressure from his superiors.〔他的上司不斷地給他壓力?！?BR> The doctor said this medicine could counteract his high blood pressure.〔醫(yī)生說這種藥能遏制他的高血壓?！?BR> 6.liquid adj. 液體的，液態(tài)的；清澈的，明亮的 n. 液體
The doctor put the patient on a liquid diet.〔醫(yī)生規(guī)定那位病人吃流質(zhì)?！?BR> The little girl with large liquid eyes is my sister.〔那個(gè)長(zhǎng)著一雙水汪汪的大眼睛的小姑娘是我妹妹。〕
She poured out a large quantity of yellowish liquid from a bottle.〔她從一個(gè)瓶子里倒出了許多黃色的液體?！?BR> 7.crack n. 裂縫 v. 破裂；打開
She found a crack in one of the tea-cups.〔她發(fā)現(xiàn)一只茶杯上有裂縫。〕
He heard the cracks of rifle fire in the distance.〔他聽到了遠(yuǎn)處的步槍聲?！?BR> He asked his mother to crack some eggs for him.〔他請(qǐng)媽媽幫他敲碎幾個(gè)雞蛋?！?BR> His face cracked with a broad smile. 〔他咧開嘴笑了?！?BR> The phone cracked the room's quiet.〔電話鈴聲打破了房間的寂靜。〕
They were unable to crack a highly competitive sales market.〔他們無法打進(jìn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的銷售市場(chǎng)?！?BR> 8.crust n. 地殼；面包皮，外皮
There are some brownish bread crusts on the dining table.〔餐桌上有一些棕色的面包皮。〕
The white snow had a fine crust on the trees.〔樹上覆蓋著一層美麗的白雪?！?BR> The continuous movements of the earth's crust may lead to earthquakes.〔地殼的不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)引發(fā)了地震。〕
It is very dangerous to walk on the thin crust of ice.〔在這樣一層薄冰上行走是很危險(xiǎn)的?！?BR> 9.crystal n. 水晶；晶?！ dj. 清澈透明的
Mother gave her a necklace of crystals as a birthday present.〔媽媽給她一條水晶珠項(xiàng)鏈作為生日禮物?！?BR> The old woman looked into the crystal ball for a while before telling my fortune.〔老婦人朝水晶球里看了一會(huì)，然后給我算命。〕
I've made my point crystal clear that I would never agree to such a proposal.〔我已經(jīng)表明了我的觀點(diǎn)，絕不同意這個(gè)提議?！?BR> 10.popular adj. 流行的，大眾的；普及的；受歡迎的
Popular music is well liked by young people.〔流行音樂深受年輕人的喜愛。〕
Swimming is a sport popular with people of all ages.〔游泳是老老少少都喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?BR> He has always been popular with / among boys in his community.〔他一直廣受他那個(gè)社區(qū)的男孩子們的喜歡?！?BR> This restaurant offers meals at popular prices.〔這家飯店供應(yīng)價(jià)格大眾化的飯菜?！?BR> He is a good politician but he is not very popular among the people.〔他很會(huì)搞政治，但是不得民心?！?BR> 11.handful n. 一把，一小撮
He told the doctor that his hair fell out in handfuls.（他對(duì)醫(yī)生說他的頭發(fā)一把一把地脫落。）
The naughty boy gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them in the lake.〔那個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩手里聚了一把石塊，并把石塊往湖里扔?！?BR> He gave me nothing except for a handful of books.〔除了少量的幾本書他什么也沒給我?！?BR> 注意：一般來說，-ful是一個(gè)形容詞后綴，加在名詞后面可以構(gòu)成形容詞，比如： careful，helpful，useful，hopeful等等。而在handful這個(gè)單詞中，-ful是一個(gè)名詞后綴，加在某些名詞的后面，表示 “充滿…所需的量”，比如：roomful，basketful，mouthful，spoonful等等。
12.formation n. 巖層；形成，構(gòu)成
Most diamonds are mined from rock formations inside the earth.〔大多數(shù)鉆石都是從地下的巖層里開采出來的?！?BR> The formation of good habits is very important for a child.〔好習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成對(duì)孩子來說很重要?！?BR> The teacher is explaining to the students the formation of the new word.〔老師正對(duì)學(xué)生們解釋那個(gè)新詞的構(gòu)成?！?BR> The peculiar formation of human brain drew the attention of researchers in many fields.〔人腦的奇特構(gòu)造吸引了許多領(lǐng)域的研究人員?！?BR> 13.pipe n. 管子，導(dǎo)管；煙斗 v.用管道輸送
Tell the pipelayer that he has to be careful with the gas pipe.〔告訴管道安裝工煤氣管道要小心?！?BR> The old man was sitting in the corner smoking a pipe.〔那個(gè)老人坐在角落里抽著煙斗。〕
It won't be very troublesome to pipe water into the house.〔用管道把水送進(jìn)屋里不會(huì)很麻煩?！?BR> 14.somewhat adv. 稍微，有點(diǎn)
It is somewhat difficult for him to answer the question.（要他回答這個(gè)問題有點(diǎn)難。）
I felt somewhat awkward when I couldn't remember his name.〔當(dāng)我記不起他的名字時(shí)，我有點(diǎn)尷尬?！?BR> The working conditions in this factory have somewhat improved.〔這家工廠的工作條件已有所改善?！?BR> 15.blast n. 疾風(fēng)，強(qiáng)風(fēng)；爆炸 v.炸，炸掉
A blast of cold air sent a shiver all over his body.〔一股冷氣使他渾身戰(zhàn)栗?！?BR> Furious blasts of thunder frightened everybody.〔一陣陣的霹靂炸雷嚇壞了所有的人?！?BR> The driver blasted the horn continuously.〔司機(jī)不停地按喇叭?！?BR> Rock music blasted from the hall and the whole building seemed to be shaking.〔震天的搖滾樂從客廳傳來，整座房子似乎都在搖動(dòng)。〕
They decided to blast through the mountains. 〔他們打算炸山開路?！?BR> 16.crush v. 壓碎；鎮(zhèn)壓，壓倒
The machine can crush rocks into powder.〔那臺(tái)機(jī)器能把石頭碾成粉末?！?BR> You must remember poverty should not crush one's spirit.〔你必須記住不應(yīng)該因貧困而意志消沉。〕
We didn't expect that they would crush us into this tiny room.〔我們沒有料到他們會(huì)讓我們擠在這個(gè)小房間里?！?BR> Can you imagine that debts are crushing them？〔你能想像到債務(wù)正壓得他們喘不過氣來嗎？〕
17.destroy v. 破壞，毀滅；消滅
Several buildings were destroyed by the bomb.〔幾座建筑物都被炸彈炸毀了?！?BR> He destroyed the letter as soon as he had read it.〔他一讀完就把信毀了?！?BR> I really don't want to destroy the friendship between us.〔我真不想毀壞我們之間的友誼?！?BR> The loss of his wife and son finally destroyed him.〔失去妻兒終擊敗了他?！?BR> This poison can destroy rats.〔這種毒藥可滅鼠?！?BR> 18.impressive adj.給人深刻印象的，感人的
impression n. 印象
impress v. 給…極深的印象
She is trying to build an impressive international reputation.〔她正努力建立令人難忘的國(guó)際聲譽(yù)?！?BR> She said that all the places she had visited in China were impressive.〔她說她所游覽過的中國(guó)的每一個(gè)地方都給她留下了深刻的印象?！?BR> What are your impressions of Beijing？〔你對(duì)北京有何觀感？〕
I had the impression that he was a teacher.〔我記得他好像是個(gè)老師?！?BR> What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.〔給我印象深的是這座城市的巨大變化?！?BR> She wants to impress her new boss with her diligence.（她想以勤奮加深老板對(duì)她的印象。）
19.experience n 經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)歷 v. 經(jīng)歷，遭受
experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
With no teaching experience my chances of getting the job are slight.〔我沒有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到這份工作的可能性很小?！?BR> He is a man of rich experience.〔他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人?！?BR> Everyone can learn a lot from his own experience.〔每一個(gè)人都從自己的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到很多東西?！?BR> His experience in the country could be used as material for his writing.〔他在農(nóng)村的經(jīng)歷可以作為他的寫作素材?！?BR> He experienced a lot of hardships when he was abroad.〔他在國(guó)外時(shí)經(jīng)歷了許多艱辛?！?BR> We need someone more experienced to help us.〔我們需要更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來幫助我們?！?BR> He is more experienced than I am in planting trees.〔在植樹方面他比我有經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！?BR> 20.immediately adv. 即刻地；緊密地
immediate adj. 立刻的；接近的
He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.〔他說他得立即去醫(yī)院。〕
She finished one cup of coffee and asked for another immediately.〔她喝完一杯咖啡馬上又要了一杯?！?BR> The post office is immediately next to the bank.〔郵局緊挨著銀行?！?BR> You have to give them an immediate reply.〔你得立刻答復(fù)他們?！?BR> It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.〔你必須得到頂頭上司的支持?！?BR> 本課主要構(gòu)詞法
affixation（詞綴法）
1.形容詞后綴 -ful beautiful，useful，
2.形容詞后綴 -ive impressive
3.形容詞后綴 -y greasy
4.名詞后綴 -ation combination，formation
5.名詞后綴 -ure pressure
6.名詞后綴 -y discovery
7.名詞后綴 -er traveler，miner
8.名詞后綴 -ful handful
9.副詞后綴 -ly finally，probably，immediately，carefully，
10.副詞后綴 -ward upward
課文簡(jiǎn)介
本課主要介紹了鉆石的特性、形成、分布以及開采方式。讀了本課，你會(huì)了解鉆石的形成與數(shù)百萬年前的地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)；你也會(huì)了解深受上至達(dá)官貴人下至普通百姓喜愛的“恒久遠(yuǎn)”的鉆石在剛開采出來時(shí)并不光彩照人。
本課語言點(diǎn)
1.They are the hardest substance found in nature.
本句中found in nature是定語從句，修飾substance.定語從句中省略了that are.這種省略現(xiàn)象在定語從句中很常見，在前幾個(gè)單元中，我們遇到過多次。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）There are many books （that） I'd like to read. （有很多書我想看。）
2）He is a man （that） we all like and trust. （他是一個(gè)我們大家喜歡和信賴的人。）
3）This is the most interesting film （that） I have ever seen. （這是我看過的有意思的電影）
先行詞的前面有形容詞高級(jí)時(shí)，定語從句必須用that引導(dǎo)，而不用which.請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）This is the most beautiful place （that） I have ever visited. （這是我游覽過的美麗的地方。）
2）This is the most serious problem （that） we have ever met. （這是我們遇到過的嚴(yán)重的問題。）
3）They are the richest people （that are） living in this area. （他們是住在這一地區(qū)的富有的人。）
本句中的hardest意思為“堅(jiān)硬的”“堅(jiān)固的”，而不是“困難的”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）This nut is as hard as rock. （這果子硬得像巖石。）
2）He found it hard to make friends. （他覺得交朋友很困難。）
2.That means a diamond can cut any other surface. And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.
mean是一個(gè)很常見的詞，本句中的意思是“意味著”。mean還有“意欲，企圖，打算”的意思。請(qǐng)看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：
1）What do you mean by saying this to me？ （你對(duì)我說這個(gè)是什么意思？）
2）Friendship means everything to him. （友誼對(duì)他來說意味著一切。）
3）The teacher's praise meant so much to the children. （老師的表揚(yáng)對(duì)孩子們來說很重要。）
4）I'm serious about this. I mean what I say. （我對(duì)此事是認(rèn)真的，我說話算數(shù)。）
5）I'm sorry， I didn’t mean to hurt you. （對(duì)不起，我無意傷害你。）
6）They meant to finish the work ahead of time. （他們的打算是提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。）
7）I meant to call you but I forgot. （我原打算給你打電話的，但我忘記了。）
cut在前一個(gè)句子中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“切割”，在后一個(gè)句子中做名詞用，意思是“切面”。
1）Who will cut the ribbon for the exhibition？ （誰將為展覽會(huì)剪彩？）
2）I am going to have my hair cut today. （今天我要去理發(fā)。）
3）The icy wind cut him to the bone. （他感到寒風(fēng)刺骨。）
4）The old man is cutting a figure in stone. （那位老人正在雕刻石像。）
5）I had some cuts and bruises on my arms， but I'm ok. （我的臂上有些傷口和擦傷，但我沒什么問題。）
6）He made a smooth cut on the marble. （他在大理石上留下一個(gè)光滑的切面。）
3.Diamonds are made from carbon.
由……制成，可以用be made from和be made of兩個(gè)詞組來表達(dá)。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么，而be made of可以看出該物品由什么材料制成的。如：
1）Paper is made from some plants. （紙是由某些植物制成的。）
2）This beer is made from grain. （這種啤酒是用糧食釀制的。）
3）The houses were made of brick. （這些房屋是磚造的。）
4）This toy is made of cotton. （這個(gè)玩具是布做的。）
4.Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds.
extreme在句中做形容詞用，意思是“極度的”，如：
1）Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. （極度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的動(dòng)物蘇醒。）
2）They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. （冬天時(shí)，他們將不得不忍受極度的不適。）
change…into意思是“把…轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，如?BR> 1）Water changes into vapour when heated. （水加熱后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎魵?。?BR> 2）Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. （你去銀行就能很容易地把這些美元換成人民幣。）
5.Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot， liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth.
請(qǐng)注意such與so之間的不同用法。such后面接名詞，而so后面接形容詞或副詞。如：
1）I don't believe he could make such a mistake. （我相信他不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤的。）
2）How can you go out on such a rainy day？ （在這樣的雨天里，你怎么能出門？）
3）He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. （他說話太快，我聽不懂。）
4）I'm so glad you could come. （你能來我真高興。）
mass在本句中的意思是“（聚成一體的）團(tuán)、塊”，比如：
1）a mass of hot air（一團(tuán)熱氣）
2）a mass of sand（一堆沙）
3）Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. （一團(tuán)云聚集大量的水蒸氣就形成了雨。）
Mass也可以做形容詞用，意思是“群眾的”、“大量的”，如：
1）a mass meeting （群眾大會(huì)）
2）mass education （大眾教育）
3）mass media （大眾傳媒）
4）Mass production could very well cut the cost. （大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可以降低成本。）
6.It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust.
It is thought that…是一個(gè)很常用的句型，類似的句型在英語中很多，比如：
1）It is / was， has been…， reported that…
2）It is / was， has been…， stated that…
3）It is / was， has been…， pointed out that…
4）It is / was， has been…， mentioned that…
5）It is / was， has been…， believed that…
7.A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed.
B. The first known area was in India， where diamonds were found thousands of years ago.
定語從句可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。A句是限定性定語從句，B句是非限定性定語從句。A、B兩句中都是用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。請(qǐng)看下面的句子，注意限定性定語從句一般不用逗號(hào)隔開：
1）Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit？ （附近有什么商店可以買到水果嗎？）
2）This is the place where we met yesterday. （這是我們昨天碰頭的地方。）
3）The small town， where he once worked， has turned to be a modern city. （他曾經(jīng)工作過的那座小城，已經(jīng)變成現(xiàn)代化的城市了。）
8.In the 1600's…（十七世紀(jì)）
In the 1720's…（十八世紀(jì)二十年代）
In the 1800's…（十九世紀(jì)）
請(qǐng)注意年代的表達(dá)方法，以上的年代也可以表達(dá)為in the 1600s； in the 1720s； in the 1800s.如果我們要表達(dá)“在十七世紀(jì)初（中、末）期”，則可以說in the early（mid， late） 1600's/1600s.
9.Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe.
become / be popular with / among是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“受…歡迎”，請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. （這些中國(guó)工藝品很受外國(guó)朋友的喜愛。）
2）His novels are popular among young people. （他的小說很受年輕人的喜愛。）
3）Classical music is popular among more and more people. （古典音樂受到越來越多的人的喜愛。）
10.India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2，500 yeas of mining the stones.
Supply在句子中做名詞用，意思是“供應(yīng)”。Supply常?？梢宰鰟?dòng)詞用，意思是“供給，提供”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. （如果供求關(guān)系平衡的話，就能實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定。）
2）Many materials are in short supply. （許多材料供應(yīng)不足。）
3）The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. （不斷增長(zhǎng)的世界人口將對(duì)糧食供應(yīng)帶來重負(fù)。）
4）You have to supply him with an answer. （你得給他提供一個(gè)答案。）
5）Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. （大多數(shù)城鎮(zhèn)都有自來水和電力供應(yīng)。）
run out是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“用完，用盡”。請(qǐng)看例句：
1）Time is running out. We have to hurry. （時(shí)間快到了，我們得快點(diǎn)。）
2）My patience is running out. （我快要耐不住了。）
3）His luck seemed to have run out. （他的好運(yùn)似乎結(jié)束了。）
我們也可以用run out來表達(dá)類似的意思，但run out of的主語應(yīng)該是“某人”。如：
1）They have run out of money， so they have to find a job. （他們錢用完了，所以得找一份工作。）
2）I have run out of ink. （我的墨水用完了。）
11.People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds.
-ful通常加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，如care-careful，help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一個(gè)名詞，意思是“一把”，在單詞部分，我們已經(jīng)提到過，英語中有不少這樣的詞，如：
1）He gave me a basketful of beaches. （他給了我滿滿一籃子桃子。）
2）She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. （她往湯里撒了滿滿一勺鹽。）
3）Tom is carrying an armful of books.（湯姆抱著一捆書。）
sort out是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“整理，分類”，如：
1）Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. （把大點(diǎn)的整理出來，放在盒子里。）
2）It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. （把我們所有的行李整理好花了不少時(shí)間。）
bottom在句子中做名詞用，意思是“底部”。bottom還有“盡頭、末端”的意思。請(qǐng)看例句：
1）There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. （茶壺底部有些沉淀物。）
2）At the bottom of the mountain， there is a beautiful village. （在山腳下有個(gè)美麗的村子。）
3）I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. （我衷心地感謝你。）
4）Bottoms up. （干杯。）
12.These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20，000 years ago.
where they were formed是where引出的名詞性從句，作介詞from的賓語。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. （他對(duì)事故在哪兒發(fā)生的只字未提。）
2）She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. （她還沒有決定到哪兒去度假。）
13.It flows over boards thickly coated with grease.
在本句中的定語從句thickly coated with greases前面省略了which/that are.coat一般做名詞用，意思是“外套”或“（動(dòng)物的）皮毛”。在本句中coat作動(dòng)詞用，意思是“在…上涂（包）著”，如：
1）These pills are coated with sugar. （這些藥丸外面包著糖衣。）
2）Don't jump on the bush piles， they are ice-coated and slippery. （不要在灌木堆上跳，上面蓋著冰，很滑。）
14.Since diamonds stick to grease， they are left behind by the rocks and mud which flow down the tables.
Stick在本句中的意思是“粘住”。Stick to也可以表示“堅(jiān)持，遵守”的意思。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）I'm sure father hasn’t read the book because several pages are stuck together. （我敢肯定父親沒有看過那本書，因?yàn)橛袔醉撨€粘在一起。）
2）It's important for nurses to stick to the rules. （對(duì)護(hù)士來說，遵守規(guī)定是很重要的。）
3）Stick to your post and make sure everything is ok. （堅(jiān)守你的崗位，確保一切正常。）
leave behind在本句中的意思是“留下”，這個(gè)詞組還可以表示“忘帶；把…丟在后面”。例如：
1）Take care not to leave anything behind. （小心別丟下任何東西。）
2）Look forward to the bright future and leave all your worries and fears behind. （期盼光明的未來，把所有的擔(dān)心和恐懼拋在身后。）
15.Experienced diamond miners can tell a diamond immediately.
句子中的tell意思為“判斷；分辨；看出”。如：
1）I cannot tell her from her twin sister. （我無法分辨出她和她的孿生妹妹。）
2）Can you tell which is my school-bag？ （你能分辨出哪一個(gè)是我的書包嗎？）
3）It is important for you to tell right from wrong. （分辨出正誤很重要。）
本課主要詞組及語法要點(diǎn)
A. 詞組
1.make a cut in sth. 2.change…into
3.be made from 4.become popular with
5.run out 6.pick up
7.handfuls of 8.sort out
9.carry from 10.be coated with
11.stick to 12.leave behind
13.tell…（from） 14.find out
B. 語法要點(diǎn)
1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)
2.定語從句
3.狀語從句
4.主語從句
Text B The Difference between Plants and Animals
短語表達(dá)
1.difference between…and
Will you please tell me the difference between a horse and a seahorse？
I cannot hear any difference between the American pronunciation and the British pronunciation for this word.
2.neither …nor
He is not a person to rely on as he is neither honest nor sincere.
I have neither seen him nor heard from him since we last met.
3.look up
Father didn't look up from his book when I entered the sitting room.
The little boy didn't dare to look up at his teacher.
4.a matter of
Everybody would pay some attention to the contest as it is a matter of honor.
Don't panic. This is a matter of record and there is nothing to worry about.
5.throughout
The products of this factory will be supplied to people throughout the country.
He said that a person should be honest and upright throughout his life.
6.be satisfied with
Tom was fully aware of the consequence when his father saw his test paper.
The teacher was satisfied with the students' performance.
7.take place
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.
The accident took place when people were all fast asleep.
8.lie in
The importance of this book lies in its later influence.
The root of all these events lay in history.
9.be classed as
He was classed as a genius.
Some kinds of seaweed are animals but they used to be classed as plants.
10.hold good
This rule may hold good for you but not for me.
His answer doesn't hold good for this specific question.
11.live on
Cows live on grass.
The old man lives on the government pension.
12.work wonders
I don't think this medicine will work wonders.
We didn't think he could pull through this time but he worked wonders again.
13.take in
Their club took in some new members last week.
He took in his guest and offered him a cup of coffee.
14.suck up
The plants suck up a lot of water.
He sucks all the information you gave him.
15.take up
He took up the newspaper and began to read.
She took up English when she was only five.
All the window seats had been taken up when I got on the bus.
本課主要單詞
1.rare adj. 稀有的，難得的
These animals are so rare that I would do whatever I can to save them.〔這些動(dòng)物很稀有，我會(huì)盡我所能去保護(hù)它們?！?BR> On the rare occasions when the old lady had any post， the little boy downstairs would go and get it for her.〔老太太難得有信，只要有信總是樓下的小男孩幫她去拿?！?BR> Snow is rare in this part of China.〔中國(guó)的這個(gè)地區(qū)難得下雪?！?BR> It is very rare for him to say “Sorry” to any others.〔他難得會(huì)對(duì)任何人說“對(duì)不起”。〕
Believe it or not， she is a rare beauty.〔信不信由你，她是一個(gè)百里挑一的美人。〕
a rare word〔冷僻的詞〕 rare metals〔稀有金屬〕
a rare disease（罕見的疾?。 rare medicinal herb〔珍奇藥草〕
2.substance n. 物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)；大意；根據(jù)
They were trying to remove harmful substances from the soil.〔他們正設(shè)法去除土壤里的有害物質(zhì)?！?BR> Ice， snow and water are the same substance in different forms.〔冰、雪、水是同一物質(zhì)的三種不同形式?！?BR> What was the point of going to a lecture with little substance？〔去聽一個(gè)沒有什么內(nèi)容的講座有什么意義呢？〕
What he is saying in substance is that we should take effective measures to prevent pollution.〔他大體上說的是我們應(yīng)該采取有效措施防止污染?！?BR> There was no substance in his complaints.〔他的抱怨沒有道理?！?BR> 3.slight adj. 輕微的；纖細(xì)的
Mother said she had a slight headache.〔媽媽說她有點(diǎn)頭疼。〕
I didn't have the slightest idea about what had happened.〔我一點(diǎn)都不知道發(fā)生了什么事?！?BR> His chances of winning the election are very slight.〔他在選舉中獲勝的可能性極小?！?BR> He is too slight to play football.〔他太纖細(xì)，不能踢足球?！?BR> 4.extreme adj. 極端的，極度的；盡頭的 n. 極端
He died in extreme poverty.〔他在極度貧困中死去。〕
You have to proceed your work with extreme caution.〔你得極其謹(jǐn)慎地繼續(xù)你的工作。〕
Extreme action will be taken if necessary.〔如有必要，我們將采取嚴(yán)厲的行動(dòng)?！?BR> His hospitality was carried to an extreme.〔他好客得過分了?！?BR> She found the book uninteresting to the extreme.〔她覺得那本書沒意思透了?！?BR> extreme joy/pain 〔極度的歡樂/痛苦〕 an extreme of sadness〔極度傷心〕
go from one extreme to the other〔從一個(gè)極端走到另一個(gè)極端〕
go to the other extreme 〔走到另一個(gè)極端〕
in the extreme〔極度，非?！?BR> extremes of poverty and wealth〔貧富的兩極〕
5.pressure n. 壓力，壓強(qiáng)
The water pressure may need adjusting.〔水壓可能需要調(diào)整。〕
It was a pressure of five tons per square meter.〔每平方米的壓力為五噸?！?BR> Heavy study load and great expectation from parents may give children too much pressure.〔沉重的學(xué)習(xí)負(fù)擔(dān)以及家長(zhǎng)的過高期望可能會(huì)給孩子太大的壓力?！?BR> He was under constant pressure from his superiors.〔他的上司不斷地給他壓力?！?BR> The doctor said this medicine could counteract his high blood pressure.〔醫(yī)生說這種藥能遏制他的高血壓?！?BR> 6.liquid adj. 液體的，液態(tài)的；清澈的，明亮的 n. 液體
The doctor put the patient on a liquid diet.〔醫(yī)生規(guī)定那位病人吃流質(zhì)?！?BR> The little girl with large liquid eyes is my sister.〔那個(gè)長(zhǎng)著一雙水汪汪的大眼睛的小姑娘是我妹妹。〕
She poured out a large quantity of yellowish liquid from a bottle.〔她從一個(gè)瓶子里倒出了許多黃色的液體?！?BR> 7.crack n. 裂縫 v. 破裂；打開
She found a crack in one of the tea-cups.〔她發(fā)現(xiàn)一只茶杯上有裂縫。〕
He heard the cracks of rifle fire in the distance.〔他聽到了遠(yuǎn)處的步槍聲?！?BR> He asked his mother to crack some eggs for him.〔他請(qǐng)媽媽幫他敲碎幾個(gè)雞蛋?！?BR> His face cracked with a broad smile. 〔他咧開嘴笑了?！?BR> The phone cracked the room's quiet.〔電話鈴聲打破了房間的寂靜。〕
They were unable to crack a highly competitive sales market.〔他們無法打進(jìn)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的銷售市場(chǎng)?！?BR> 8.crust n. 地殼；面包皮，外皮
There are some brownish bread crusts on the dining table.〔餐桌上有一些棕色的面包皮。〕
The white snow had a fine crust on the trees.〔樹上覆蓋著一層美麗的白雪?！?BR> The continuous movements of the earth's crust may lead to earthquakes.〔地殼的不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)引發(fā)了地震。〕
It is very dangerous to walk on the thin crust of ice.〔在這樣一層薄冰上行走是很危險(xiǎn)的?！?BR> 9.crystal n. 水晶；晶?！ dj. 清澈透明的
Mother gave her a necklace of crystals as a birthday present.〔媽媽給她一條水晶珠項(xiàng)鏈作為生日禮物?！?BR> The old woman looked into the crystal ball for a while before telling my fortune.〔老婦人朝水晶球里看了一會(huì)，然后給我算命。〕
I've made my point crystal clear that I would never agree to such a proposal.〔我已經(jīng)表明了我的觀點(diǎn)，絕不同意這個(gè)提議?！?BR> 10.popular adj. 流行的，大眾的；普及的；受歡迎的
Popular music is well liked by young people.〔流行音樂深受年輕人的喜愛。〕
Swimming is a sport popular with people of all ages.〔游泳是老老少少都喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)?！?BR> He has always been popular with / among boys in his community.〔他一直廣受他那個(gè)社區(qū)的男孩子們的喜歡?！?BR> This restaurant offers meals at popular prices.〔這家飯店供應(yīng)價(jià)格大眾化的飯菜?！?BR> He is a good politician but he is not very popular among the people.〔他很會(huì)搞政治，但是不得民心?！?BR> 11.handful n. 一把，一小撮
He told the doctor that his hair fell out in handfuls.（他對(duì)醫(yī)生說他的頭發(fā)一把一把地脫落。）
The naughty boy gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them in the lake.〔那個(gè)調(diào)皮的男孩手里聚了一把石塊，并把石塊往湖里扔?！?BR> He gave me nothing except for a handful of books.〔除了少量的幾本書他什么也沒給我?！?BR> 注意：一般來說，-ful是一個(gè)形容詞后綴，加在名詞后面可以構(gòu)成形容詞，比如： careful，helpful，useful，hopeful等等。而在handful這個(gè)單詞中，-ful是一個(gè)名詞后綴，加在某些名詞的后面，表示 “充滿…所需的量”，比如：roomful，basketful，mouthful，spoonful等等。
12.formation n. 巖層；形成，構(gòu)成
Most diamonds are mined from rock formations inside the earth.〔大多數(shù)鉆石都是從地下的巖層里開采出來的?！?BR> The formation of good habits is very important for a child.〔好習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成對(duì)孩子來說很重要?！?BR> The teacher is explaining to the students the formation of the new word.〔老師正對(duì)學(xué)生們解釋那個(gè)新詞的構(gòu)成?！?BR> The peculiar formation of human brain drew the attention of researchers in many fields.〔人腦的奇特構(gòu)造吸引了許多領(lǐng)域的研究人員?！?BR> 13.pipe n. 管子，導(dǎo)管；煙斗 v.用管道輸送
Tell the pipelayer that he has to be careful with the gas pipe.〔告訴管道安裝工煤氣管道要小心?！?BR> The old man was sitting in the corner smoking a pipe.〔那個(gè)老人坐在角落里抽著煙斗。〕
It won't be very troublesome to pipe water into the house.〔用管道把水送進(jìn)屋里不會(huì)很麻煩?！?BR> 14.somewhat adv. 稍微，有點(diǎn)
It is somewhat difficult for him to answer the question.（要他回答這個(gè)問題有點(diǎn)難。）
I felt somewhat awkward when I couldn't remember his name.〔當(dāng)我記不起他的名字時(shí)，我有點(diǎn)尷尬?！?BR> The working conditions in this factory have somewhat improved.〔這家工廠的工作條件已有所改善?！?BR> 15.blast n. 疾風(fēng)，強(qiáng)風(fēng)；爆炸 v.炸，炸掉
A blast of cold air sent a shiver all over his body.〔一股冷氣使他渾身戰(zhàn)栗?！?BR> Furious blasts of thunder frightened everybody.〔一陣陣的霹靂炸雷嚇壞了所有的人?！?BR> The driver blasted the horn continuously.〔司機(jī)不停地按喇叭?！?BR> Rock music blasted from the hall and the whole building seemed to be shaking.〔震天的搖滾樂從客廳傳來，整座房子似乎都在搖動(dòng)。〕
They decided to blast through the mountains. 〔他們打算炸山開路?！?BR> 16.crush v. 壓碎；鎮(zhèn)壓，壓倒
The machine can crush rocks into powder.〔那臺(tái)機(jī)器能把石頭碾成粉末?！?BR> You must remember poverty should not crush one's spirit.〔你必須記住不應(yīng)該因貧困而意志消沉。〕
We didn't expect that they would crush us into this tiny room.〔我們沒有料到他們會(huì)讓我們擠在這個(gè)小房間里?！?BR> Can you imagine that debts are crushing them？〔你能想像到債務(wù)正壓得他們喘不過氣來嗎？〕
17.destroy v. 破壞，毀滅；消滅
Several buildings were destroyed by the bomb.〔幾座建筑物都被炸彈炸毀了?！?BR> He destroyed the letter as soon as he had read it.〔他一讀完就把信毀了?！?BR> I really don't want to destroy the friendship between us.〔我真不想毀壞我們之間的友誼?！?BR> The loss of his wife and son finally destroyed him.〔失去妻兒終擊敗了他?！?BR> This poison can destroy rats.〔這種毒藥可滅鼠?！?BR> 18.impressive adj.給人深刻印象的，感人的
impression n. 印象
impress v. 給…極深的印象
She is trying to build an impressive international reputation.〔她正努力建立令人難忘的國(guó)際聲譽(yù)?！?BR> She said that all the places she had visited in China were impressive.〔她說她所游覽過的中國(guó)的每一個(gè)地方都給她留下了深刻的印象?！?BR> What are your impressions of Beijing？〔你對(duì)北京有何觀感？〕
I had the impression that he was a teacher.〔我記得他好像是個(gè)老師?！?BR> What impressed me most were the great changes in this city.〔給我印象深的是這座城市的巨大變化?！?BR> She wants to impress her new boss with her diligence.（她想以勤奮加深老板對(duì)她的印象。）
19.experience n 經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)歷 v. 經(jīng)歷，遭受
experienced adj. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
With no teaching experience my chances of getting the job are slight.〔我沒有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)，得到這份工作的可能性很小?！?BR> He is a man of rich experience.〔他是一個(gè)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的人?！?BR> Everyone can learn a lot from his own experience.〔每一個(gè)人都從自己的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)到很多東西?！?BR> His experience in the country could be used as material for his writing.〔他在農(nóng)村的經(jīng)歷可以作為他的寫作素材?！?BR> He experienced a lot of hardships when he was abroad.〔他在國(guó)外時(shí)經(jīng)歷了許多艱辛?！?BR> We need someone more experienced to help us.〔我們需要更有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人來幫助我們?！?BR> He is more experienced than I am in planting trees.〔在植樹方面他比我有經(jīng)驗(yàn)?！?BR> 20.immediately adv. 即刻地；緊密地
immediate adj. 立刻的；接近的
He said he had to go to the hospital immediately.〔他說他得立即去醫(yī)院。〕
She finished one cup of coffee and asked for another immediately.〔她喝完一杯咖啡馬上又要了一杯?！?BR> The post office is immediately next to the bank.〔郵局緊挨著銀行?！?BR> You have to give them an immediate reply.〔你得立刻答復(fù)他們?！?BR> It is necessary that you get the support from your immediate superior.〔你必須得到頂頭上司的支持?！?BR> 本課主要構(gòu)詞法
affixation（詞綴法）
1.形容詞后綴 -ful beautiful，useful，
2.形容詞后綴 -ive impressive
3.形容詞后綴 -y greasy
4.名詞后綴 -ation combination，formation
5.名詞后綴 -ure pressure
6.名詞后綴 -y discovery
7.名詞后綴 -er traveler，miner
8.名詞后綴 -ful handful
9.副詞后綴 -ly finally，probably，immediately，carefully，
10.副詞后綴 -ward upward
課文簡(jiǎn)介
本課主要介紹了鉆石的特性、形成、分布以及開采方式。讀了本課，你會(huì)了解鉆石的形成與數(shù)百萬年前的地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)；你也會(huì)了解深受上至達(dá)官貴人下至普通百姓喜愛的“恒久遠(yuǎn)”的鉆石在剛開采出來時(shí)并不光彩照人。
本課語言點(diǎn)
1.They are the hardest substance found in nature.
本句中found in nature是定語從句，修飾substance.定語從句中省略了that are.這種省略現(xiàn)象在定語從句中很常見，在前幾個(gè)單元中，我們遇到過多次。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）There are many books （that） I'd like to read. （有很多書我想看。）
2）He is a man （that） we all like and trust. （他是一個(gè)我們大家喜歡和信賴的人。）
3）This is the most interesting film （that） I have ever seen. （這是我看過的有意思的電影）
先行詞的前面有形容詞高級(jí)時(shí)，定語從句必須用that引導(dǎo)，而不用which.請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）This is the most beautiful place （that） I have ever visited. （這是我游覽過的美麗的地方。）
2）This is the most serious problem （that） we have ever met. （這是我們遇到過的嚴(yán)重的問題。）
3）They are the richest people （that are） living in this area. （他們是住在這一地區(qū)的富有的人。）
本句中的hardest意思為“堅(jiān)硬的”“堅(jiān)固的”，而不是“困難的”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）This nut is as hard as rock. （這果子硬得像巖石。）
2）He found it hard to make friends. （他覺得交朋友很困難。）
2.That means a diamond can cut any other surface. And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.
mean是一個(gè)很常見的詞，本句中的意思是“意味著”。mean還有“意欲，企圖，打算”的意思。請(qǐng)看下面的句子，注意mean在各句中的意思和用法：
1）What do you mean by saying this to me？ （你對(duì)我說這個(gè)是什么意思？）
2）Friendship means everything to him. （友誼對(duì)他來說意味著一切。）
3）The teacher's praise meant so much to the children. （老師的表揚(yáng)對(duì)孩子們來說很重要。）
4）I'm serious about this. I mean what I say. （我對(duì)此事是認(rèn)真的，我說話算數(shù)。）
5）I'm sorry， I didn’t mean to hurt you. （對(duì)不起，我無意傷害你。）
6）They meant to finish the work ahead of time. （他們的打算是提前完成這項(xiàng)工作。）
7）I meant to call you but I forgot. （我原打算給你打電話的，但我忘記了。）
cut在前一個(gè)句子中做動(dòng)詞用，意思是“切割”，在后一個(gè)句子中做名詞用，意思是“切面”。
1）Who will cut the ribbon for the exhibition？ （誰將為展覽會(huì)剪彩？）
2）I am going to have my hair cut today. （今天我要去理發(fā)。）
3）The icy wind cut him to the bone. （他感到寒風(fēng)刺骨。）
4）The old man is cutting a figure in stone. （那位老人正在雕刻石像。）
5）I had some cuts and bruises on my arms， but I'm ok. （我的臂上有些傷口和擦傷，但我沒什么問題。）
6）He made a smooth cut on the marble. （他在大理石上留下一個(gè)光滑的切面。）
3.Diamonds are made from carbon.
由……制成，可以用be made from和be made of兩個(gè)詞組來表達(dá)。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么，而be made of可以看出該物品由什么材料制成的。如：
1）Paper is made from some plants. （紙是由某些植物制成的。）
2）This beer is made from grain. （這種啤酒是用糧食釀制的。）
3）The houses were made of brick. （這些房屋是磚造的。）
4）This toy is made of cotton. （這個(gè)玩具是布做的。）
4.Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds.
extreme在句中做形容詞用，意思是“極度的”，如：
1）Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. （極度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的動(dòng)物蘇醒。）
2）They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. （冬天時(shí)，他們將不得不忍受極度的不適。）
change…into意思是“把…轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤?，如?BR> 1）Water changes into vapour when heated. （水加熱后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)檎魵?。?BR> 2）Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. （你去銀行就能很容易地把這些美元換成人民幣。）
5.Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot， liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth.
請(qǐng)注意such與so之間的不同用法。such后面接名詞，而so后面接形容詞或副詞。如：
1）I don't believe he could make such a mistake. （我相信他不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤的。）
2）How can you go out on such a rainy day？ （在這樣的雨天里，你怎么能出門？）
3）He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. （他說話太快，我聽不懂。）
4）I'm so glad you could come. （你能來我真高興。）
mass在本句中的意思是“（聚成一體的）團(tuán)、塊”，比如：
1）a mass of hot air（一團(tuán)熱氣）
2）a mass of sand（一堆沙）
3）Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. （一團(tuán)云聚集大量的水蒸氣就形成了雨。）
Mass也可以做形容詞用，意思是“群眾的”、“大量的”，如：
1）a mass meeting （群眾大會(huì)）
2）mass education （大眾教育）
3）mass media （大眾傳媒）
4）Mass production could very well cut the cost. （大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)可以降低成本。）
6.It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust.
It is thought that…是一個(gè)很常用的句型，類似的句型在英語中很多，比如：
1）It is / was， has been…， reported that…
2）It is / was， has been…， stated that…
3）It is / was， has been…， pointed out that…
4）It is / was， has been…， mentioned that…
5）It is / was， has been…， believed that…
7.A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed.
B. The first known area was in India， where diamonds were found thousands of years ago.
定語從句可分為限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句。A句是限定性定語從句，B句是非限定性定語從句。A、B兩句中都是用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。請(qǐng)看下面的句子，注意限定性定語從句一般不用逗號(hào)隔開：
1）Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit？ （附近有什么商店可以買到水果嗎？）
2）This is the place where we met yesterday. （這是我們昨天碰頭的地方。）
3）The small town， where he once worked， has turned to be a modern city. （他曾經(jīng)工作過的那座小城，已經(jīng)變成現(xiàn)代化的城市了。）
8.In the 1600's…（十七世紀(jì)）
In the 1720's…（十八世紀(jì)二十年代）
In the 1800's…（十九世紀(jì)）
請(qǐng)注意年代的表達(dá)方法，以上的年代也可以表達(dá)為in the 1600s； in the 1720s； in the 1800s.如果我們要表達(dá)“在十七世紀(jì)初（中、末）期”，則可以說in the early（mid， late） 1600's/1600s.
9.Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe.
become / be popular with / among是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“受…歡迎”，請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. （這些中國(guó)工藝品很受外國(guó)朋友的喜愛。）
2）His novels are popular among young people. （他的小說很受年輕人的喜愛。）
3）Classical music is popular among more and more people. （古典音樂受到越來越多的人的喜愛。）
10.India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2，500 yeas of mining the stones.
Supply在句子中做名詞用，意思是“供應(yīng)”。Supply常?？梢宰鰟?dòng)詞用，意思是“供給，提供”。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. （如果供求關(guān)系平衡的話，就能實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定。）
2）Many materials are in short supply. （許多材料供應(yīng)不足。）
3）The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. （不斷增長(zhǎng)的世界人口將對(duì)糧食供應(yīng)帶來重負(fù)。）
4）You have to supply him with an answer. （你得給他提供一個(gè)答案。）
5）Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. （大多數(shù)城鎮(zhèn)都有自來水和電力供應(yīng)。）
run out是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“用完，用盡”。請(qǐng)看例句：
1）Time is running out. We have to hurry. （時(shí)間快到了，我們得快點(diǎn)。）
2）My patience is running out. （我快要耐不住了。）
3）His luck seemed to have run out. （他的好運(yùn)似乎結(jié)束了。）
我們也可以用run out來表達(dá)類似的意思，但run out of的主語應(yīng)該是“某人”。如：
1）They have run out of money， so they have to find a job. （他們錢用完了，所以得找一份工作。）
2）I have run out of ink. （我的墨水用完了。）
11.People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds.
-ful通常加在名詞后面，構(gòu)成形容詞，如care-careful，help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一個(gè)名詞，意思是“一把”，在單詞部分，我們已經(jīng)提到過，英語中有不少這樣的詞，如：
1）He gave me a basketful of beaches. （他給了我滿滿一籃子桃子。）
2）She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. （她往湯里撒了滿滿一勺鹽。）
3）Tom is carrying an armful of books.（湯姆抱著一捆書。）
sort out是一個(gè)常用詞組，意思是“整理，分類”，如：
1）Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. （把大點(diǎn)的整理出來，放在盒子里。）
2）It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. （把我們所有的行李整理好花了不少時(shí)間。）
bottom在句子中做名詞用，意思是“底部”。bottom還有“盡頭、末端”的意思。請(qǐng)看例句：
1）There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. （茶壺底部有些沉淀物。）
2）At the bottom of the mountain， there is a beautiful village. （在山腳下有個(gè)美麗的村子。）
3）I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. （我衷心地感謝你。）
4）Bottoms up. （干杯。）
12.These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20，000 years ago.
where they were formed是where引出的名詞性從句，作介詞from的賓語。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. （他對(duì)事故在哪兒發(fā)生的只字未提。）
2）She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. （她還沒有決定到哪兒去度假。）
13.It flows over boards thickly coated with grease.
在本句中的定語從句thickly coated with greases前面省略了which/that are.coat一般做名詞用，意思是“外套”或“（動(dòng)物的）皮毛”。在本句中coat作動(dòng)詞用，意思是“在…上涂（包）著”，如：
1）These pills are coated with sugar. （這些藥丸外面包著糖衣。）
2）Don't jump on the bush piles， they are ice-coated and slippery. （不要在灌木堆上跳，上面蓋著冰，很滑。）
14.Since diamonds stick to grease， they are left behind by the rocks and mud which flow down the tables.
Stick在本句中的意思是“粘住”。Stick to也可以表示“堅(jiān)持，遵守”的意思。請(qǐng)看下面的句子：
1）I'm sure father hasn’t read the book because several pages are stuck together. （我敢肯定父親沒有看過那本書，因?yàn)橛袔醉撨€粘在一起。）
2）It's important for nurses to stick to the rules. （對(duì)護(hù)士來說，遵守規(guī)定是很重要的。）
3）Stick to your post and make sure everything is ok. （堅(jiān)守你的崗位，確保一切正常。）
leave behind在本句中的意思是“留下”，這個(gè)詞組還可以表示“忘帶；把…丟在后面”。例如：
1）Take care not to leave anything behind. （小心別丟下任何東西。）
2）Look forward to the bright future and leave all your worries and fears behind. （期盼光明的未來，把所有的擔(dān)心和恐懼拋在身后。）
15.Experienced diamond miners can tell a diamond immediately.
句子中的tell意思為“判斷；分辨；看出”。如：
1）I cannot tell her from her twin sister. （我無法分辨出她和她的孿生妹妹。）
2）Can you tell which is my school-bag？ （你能分辨出哪一個(gè)是我的書包嗎？）
3）It is important for you to tell right from wrong. （分辨出正誤很重要。）
本課主要詞組及語法要點(diǎn)
A. 詞組
1.make a cut in sth. 2.change…into
3.be made from 4.become popular with
5.run out 6.pick up
7.handfuls of 8.sort out
9.carry from 10.be coated with
11.stick to 12.leave behind
13.tell…（from） 14.find out
B. 語法要點(diǎn)
1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)
2.定語從句
3.狀語從句
4.主語從句
Text B The Difference between Plants and Animals
短語表達(dá)
1.difference between…and
Will you please tell me the difference between a horse and a seahorse？
I cannot hear any difference between the American pronunciation and the British pronunciation for this word.
2.neither …nor
He is not a person to rely on as he is neither honest nor sincere.
I have neither seen him nor heard from him since we last met.
3.look up
Father didn't look up from his book when I entered the sitting room.
The little boy didn't dare to look up at his teacher.
4.a matter of
Everybody would pay some attention to the contest as it is a matter of honor.
Don't panic. This is a matter of record and there is nothing to worry about.
5.throughout
The products of this factory will be supplied to people throughout the country.
He said that a person should be honest and upright throughout his life.
6.be satisfied with
Tom was fully aware of the consequence when his father saw his test paper.
The teacher was satisfied with the students' performance.
7.take place
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.
The accident took place when people were all fast asleep.
8.lie in
The importance of this book lies in its later influence.
The root of all these events lay in history.
9.be classed as
He was classed as a genius.
Some kinds of seaweed are animals but they used to be classed as plants.
10.hold good
This rule may hold good for you but not for me.
His answer doesn't hold good for this specific question.
11.live on
Cows live on grass.
The old man lives on the government pension.
12.work wonders
I don't think this medicine will work wonders.
We didn't think he could pull through this time but he worked wonders again.
13.take in
Their club took in some new members last week.
He took in his guest and offered him a cup of coffee.
14.suck up
The plants suck up a lot of water.
He sucks all the information you gave him.
15.take up
He took up the newspaper and began to read.
She took up English when she was only five.
All the window seats had been taken up when I got on the bus.