2010年12月英語四級考試模擬試題及答案(2)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 有些人愿意和父母居住在一起
2. 有些人想自己獨立居住
3. 我的看法
Styles of Living
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
How Ice Cream Works
The U.S. ice cream industry sells about a million gallons of ice cream each year, dispensing cones, gallons, pints, sundaes and other desserts through grocery stores and ice cream shops. In fact, eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.
Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?
Not just any frozen treat can be called ice cream. In fact, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has specific rules that define what can and can't be labeled "ice cream". To bear the "Meets USDA Ingredient Standard for Ice Cream" stamp, it has to contain at least 10 percent milk fat, and a minimum of six percent non-fat milk solids. A gallon has to weigh at least 4.5 pounds.
The range of milk fat (sometimes referred to as butter fat) used in ice cream can go from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent. Most premium ice creams use 14 percent milk fat. Higher fat content leads to better, richer taste and a creamier texture. Ice cream makers don't go higher than 16 percent because it would be costly and very high in calories. An ice cream with this much milk fat would also taste so rich that people would probably eat it in smaller amounts, which would be bad news for people who sell ice cream for a living.
Other frozen desserts, such as sorbets (果汁冰糕), low-fat ice cream, and frozen yogurt, are not technically ice cream at all. Frozen custard is ice cream that has at least 1.4 percent egg yolk solids, and "soft serve" can be any frozen milkbased dessert that has not gone through the hardening process—more on that later.
In terms of specific ingredients, the recipe for ice cream is simple. But in scientific terms, it's complicated stuff. Ice cream is a colloid, a type of emulsion(乳狀液). An emulsion is a combination of two substances that don't normally mix together. Instead, one of the substances is dispersed throughout the other. In ice cream, molecules of fat are suspended in a water-sugar-ice structure along with air bubbles. The presence of air means that ice cream is also technically a foam.
In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers. Stabilizers help hold the air bubble structure together and give the ice cream a better texture. Although gelatin(凝膠) was originally used as a stabilizer, xanthan gum, guar gum, and other compounds are used today. Emulsifiers keep the ice cream smooth and aid the distribution of the fat molecules throughout the colloid. Egg yolks were once used, but ice cream manufacturers now tend to use other chemical compounds. These stabilizers and emulsifiers make up a very small proportion (less than one percent) of the ice cream.
Making Ice Cream
Whether it's being made in your kitchen with a hand crank, at a local homemade ice cream shop with a stand-alone ice cream maker, or in a factory that cranks out thousands of gallons of ice cream every day, the process of making ice cream is basically the same. The only difference is the scale of the operation.
First, you need ice cream mix. You can buy commercially made ice cream mix that is set to a certain milk fat content. Ice cream factories usually make their own mix by combining milk, cream and sugar in a 3,000 gallon vat, with the proportions and mixing controlled by computers. The mix is then pasteurized(用巴氏法滅菌), or heated, to kill any harmful bacteria. If you were to make your own mix at home, you could pasteurize it by cooking it in a double boiler, or use an egg substitute or pasteurized egg product. This step is important because otherwise people who eat your homemade ice cream could get sick due to salmonella contamination. According to the Centers for Disease Control, those most at risk include the elderly, very young children, and people with compromised immune systems.
The next step in production is adding flavor to the mix. There are thousands of varieties of ice cream, so just about any combination of flavors is possible. From vanilla to cinnamon, chocolate to triple chocolate fudge brownie, it all gets blended into the ice cream mix. In a factory, this step takes place in vats that hold hundreds of gallons of ice cream, while giant steel paddles do the mixing. In your kitchen, a large bowl and a food mixer will work, or even a wooden spoon and muscle power if you want some exercise. Solid chunks such as pieces of fruit, chocolate chunks, marshmallows, and candy are added later.
The next step is where and ice cream making machine comes into play. The mix has to be simultaneously frozen and whipped. In a factory, this happens in a giant tube surrounded by pipes. The pipes contain chemicals such as ammonia that freeze the tube, but the ammonia never comes into contact with the ice cream. The ice cream mix is pumped through the tube, where it gets cold very quickly. A dasher, or blade, turns inside the tube. This whips the mixture, introducing the air bubbles that help give ice cream its structure. The dasher also scrapes the sides of the tube, clearing off ice crystals that form there. This prevents large ice crystals from ruining the flavor and texture of the ice cream. All the elements of this process are carefully monitored and controlled by computers. Most homemade ice cream shops use a batch freezer for this step, where the same process happens on a smaller scale.
This step can be accomplished at home with a rock salt/ice mixture for freezing and a hand or electric cranked dasher to mix and scrape off the ice crystals.
Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process isn't finished. At this point, the mixture is frozen, but still soft. Large chunks of candy and other goodies are now added. Then the ice cream is placed into containers. Factory machines pour it straight into cartons or buckets, or it can be extruded(擠壓出)into shapes that have wooden sticks placed into them for individual treats.
Now the ice cream needs to be reduced to a very low temperature, zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. Factories make it even colder since they need the ice cream to stay frozen while it is packaged and loaded onto trucks. It needs to be very cold to freeze the ice cream quickly and prevent the formation of large ice crystals. This process is known as hardening. "Soft-serve" is often simply ice cream that has not gone through this process.
We'll learn about the ice cream industry in the next section.
Ice Cream Industry
In 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S., the worldwide leader in ice cream production, topped $4 billion. In 2002, more that $20 billion was spent on frozen desserts. The leading states in ice cream consumption are California, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas and New York . Americans ate an average of 21.5 quarts of ice cream per person in 2004.
With that much money to be made, the ice cream industry can be secretive and underhanded(秘密的). Deborah Hanny, owner of Sweet Jenny's Ice cream in Williamsville, NY, protects her recipes carefully. Her shop has been photographed by men in suits and she once caught someone in he upstairs office hurriedly trying to copy down her recipes.
Ice cream making secrets are seldom passed down from generation to generation these days. So where do people in the ice cream industry learn their craft? At ice cream school. Pennsylvania State University offers a week-long "Ice Cream Short Course" intended for industry professionals. The course teaches the science and technology used to make ice cream. The also offer Ice Cream 101 for ice cream hobbyists who just want to learn more about their favorite frozen treat. The University of Guelph, Ontario's Dairy Science and Technology school, also has a long history of teaching ice cream science.
1. Eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.
2. Any frozen treat can be called ice cream.
3. In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers.
4. The process of making ice cream at home is different from that in a factory.
5. Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process is finished.
6. Ice cream making secrets are passed down from generation to generation these days.
7. Many universities in U.S.A. offer courses of ice cream science.
8. The range of milk fat used in ice cream can go ________.
9. In 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S. topped ________.
10. With that much money to be made, the ice cream industry can be ________.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. [A] The class thought the demonstration was too complex.
[B] Too many students showed up.
[C] The professor didn't show up.
[D] The professor cancelled it.
12. [A] Because nine is an odd number.
[B] Because the elevator got stuck.
[C] Because the elevator is too old.
[D] Because there are too many people in the elevator.
13. [A] The rain has stopped.
[B] She wants to soak her clothes.
[C] She is looking for her clothes.
[D] It's raining heavily.
14. [A] She goes home for lunch.
[B] She spends her time shopping.
[C] She gets interested in what she is reading.
[D] She doesn't wake up in time.
15. [A] To buy some potatoes.
[B] To pass him some potatoes.
[C] To have some potatoes.
[D] to help him cook some potatoes.
16. [A] It involved a few lunches.
[B] There were free lunches.
[C] There were three lunches.
[D] There were more than free lunches.
17. [A] He decided to continue his project.
[B] He was unable to get sufficient money.
[C] Lack of land prevented his success.
[D] He was successful with his project.
18. [A] Painting the room white.
[B] Buying white furniture.
[C] Waiting the man to decide.
[D] Asking Mr. White for advice.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. [A] In the student recreation center.
[B] In the campus dining hall.
[C] In the university bookstore.
[D] In a classroom.
20. [A] Studying.
[B] Preparing snacks.
[C] Playing cards.
[D] Learning how to play bridge.
21. [A] Miss her card game.
[B] Stay up too late.
[C] Take too heavy a work load next semester.
[D] Neglect her studies to play bridge.
22. [A] He already knows how to play.
[B] He doesn't like to play games.
[C] He doesn't have a partner.
[D] He doesn't have enough free time.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. [A] The effect of the atmosphere on rainfall.
[B] How conditions on earth support life.
[C] How water originated on earth.
[D] A new estimate of the age of earth.
24. [A] The surface of the ocean is expanding.
[B] Volcanic activity is increasing.
[C] The surface of earth contains tons of cosmic dust.
[D] Thousands of comets are colliding with earth's atmosphere.
25. [A] They are found under the oceans.
[B] They were most active when earth was first formed.
[C] Their emissions created earth's atmosphere.
[D] Their fumes are mostly water in the state of a gas.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] He was trained as an electronics engineer.
[B] He was trained as a mechanical engineer.
[C] He was trained as a communication engineer.
[D] He was trained as a nuclear engineer.
27. [A] Fishing and hunting.
[B] He began to show great interest in natural beauty.
[C] Nuclear science.
[D] Amateur radio.
28. [A] An old friend of his.
[B] His elder brother.
[C] His younger brother.
[D] his younger son.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] The Bachelor's degree.
[B] The Associate degree.
[C] The Master's degree.
[D] The Doctor's degree.
30. [A] A technical associate degree.
[B] A degree which is designed for transfer.
[C] A bachelor's degree.
[D] The last degree one can ever hope to attain.
31. [A] 120 quarter hours.
[B] 95 quarter hours.
[C] 120 credit hours.
[D] 72 credit hours.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. [A] In 1848.
[B] In 1846.
[C] In 1884.
[D] In 1849.
33. [A] 8,000 people.
[B] 10,000 people.
[C] 80,000 people.
[D] 100,000 people.
34. [A] From the western United States.
[B] From all parts of the country.
[C] From only the east coast of the American Continent.
[D] From San Francisco Bay.
35. [A] Because many settlements were abandoned.
[B] Because there were many gold-hungry sailors.
[C] Because private gold could not be protected by law.
[D] Because everybody raced for California.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Mark Twain, who wrote the story we're going to read, traveled quite a lot often because circumstamces, usually (36) ________ circumstances, forced him to He was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835 and moved to Hannibal, Missouri with his family when he was about 4 years old. Most people think he was born in Hannibal but that isn't true. After his father died when he was about 12, Twain worked in Hannibal for a while and then left, so he could (37) ________ more money. He worked for a while as a typesetter on (38) ________ newspapers and then got a job as a river (39) ________ on the Mississippi. Twain loved this job and many of his books show it. The river job didn't last, however, because of the (40) ________ of the Civil War. Twain, was in the (41) ________ Army for just 2 weeks and then he and his whole (42) ________ went west to get away from the war and the army. In Nevada and California Twain (43) ________ for silver and gold without much luck, but did succeed as a writer. (44) _________________________________________________________________. (45) ________________________________________________________________________. (46) __________________________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.
You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.
Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.
Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.
Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.
Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.
[A] positive
[B] additional
[C] duration
[D] effective
[E] shed
[F] physical
[G] food
[H] functions
[I] participated
[J] rely
[K] cut
[L] repeatedly
[M] uses
[N] little
[O] obvious
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, " You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort."
57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.
[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment
[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment
58. The word "frugal" (Line 2, Para. 2) means ________.
[A] wealthy [C] thrifty
[B] wasteful [D] miserable
59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.
[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low
[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.
60. The last paragraph implies that ________.
[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park
[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what one really likes
61. This passage mainly talks about ________.
[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals
[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goals
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Mark Twain, who wrote the story we're going to read, traveled quite a lot often because circumstamces, usually (36) ________ circumstances, forced him to He was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835 and moved to Hannibal, Missouri with his family when he was about 4 years old. Most people think he was born in Hannibal but that isn't true. After his father died when he was about 12, Twain worked in Hannibal for a while and then left, so he could (37) ________ more money. He worked for a while as a typesetter on (38) ________ newspapers and then got a job as a river (39) ________ on the Mississippi. Twain loved this job and many of his books show it. The river job didn't last, however, because of the (40) ________ of the Civil War. Twain, was in the (41) ________ Army for just 2 weeks and then he and his whole (42) ________ went west to get away from the war and the army. In Nevada and California Twain (43) ________ for silver and gold without much luck, but did succeed as a writer. (44) _________________________________________________________________. (45) ________________________________________________________________________. (46) __________________________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.
You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.
Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.
Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.
Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.
Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.
[A] positive
[B] additional
[C] duration
[D] effective
[E] shed
[F] physical
[G] food
[H] functions
[I] participated
[J] rely
[K] cut
[L] repeatedly
[M] uses
[N] little
[O] obvious
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, " You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort."
57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.
[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment
[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment
58. The word "frugal" (Line 2, Para. 2) means ________.
[A] wealthy [C] thrifty
[B] wasteful [D] miserable
59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.
[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low
[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.
60. The last paragraph implies that ________.
[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park
[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what one really likes
61. This passage mainly talks about ________.
[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals
[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goals
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology, "I realized the real market is in space tourism."
According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(愛打官司的)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".
The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.
62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
[A] Take Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels
[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling
63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1, Pare.1) most probably means ________.
[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living
[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency
64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?
[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,000
65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.
[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.
[C] The government has little interests in this project.
[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.
66. What's the author's tone in the last sentence of the passage?
[A] Objective. [C] Approving.
[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 over the centuries. During the 1950s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70 a complex organization of higher mental 71 , they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .
These authorities 75 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 78 to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 80 . By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 83 the soundsymbols' code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 84 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 85 widely and enthusiastically. 86 short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively
68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting0
69. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until
70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites
71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions
72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into
73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree
74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for
75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact
76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently
77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading
78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as
79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually
80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section
81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded
82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated
83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock
84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps
85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as
86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] To
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自從我們在頭版上采用了彩色照片后).
88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等動物是由低等動物發(fā)展而來的).
89. _______________________(我要點一份煎蛋和熏肉), and my colleague will have two eggs on toast.
90. Children love soft drinks, ________________________(因為它味道很甜而且有多種口味).
91. ________________________(科學家們將會提出)new methods of increasing the world's food supply.
2010年12月英語四級考試模擬試題答案詳解
Part I Writing
Styles of Living
Some people enjoy living together with their parents after the have grown up. They think that by living with parents they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile, they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble or have some difficulties. To them, life in a big family seems to be more enjoyable than that in a small one.
Others, however, prefer living separately. They cherish the idea of being independent, and wish to have a place of their own. Besides, they don't want to be overprotected by their parents, but long for the opportunities to face the society by themselves.
As for me, I like an independent life style. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generation likes may not be another generation's fondness. In order to avoid conflicts, the best way is to live separately. In addition, by leading an independent life, I can develop my own ability to deal with the difficulties in my life. So I want to live by myself.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞eight percent，在通讀全文時注意百分比數(shù)字的信息。答案在第一段末句，可知題干表述正確。
2. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞frozen treat和ice cream，可知答案在標題Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert? 下，定位發(fā)現(xiàn)題干信息與首段首句意思相反，故表述錯誤。
3. Y 題干信息是關于ice cream 的成分的。查看文章的三個標題，推知答案可能在Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert下。用題干信息詞stabilizers和emulsifiers定位原文，答案在該標題下末段首句，可知題干表述正確。
4. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞making ice cream 可知答案在同名標題下。其下首段首句就提到在kitchen 或在ice cream shop或在factory制作ice cream ，程序都基本相同，可知題干表述錯誤。
5. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞ice cream maker可知答案在Making Ice Cream下。通讀其下每段首句了解基本步驟，發(fā)現(xiàn)題干信息與第六段首句矛盾，故題干表述錯誤。
6. N 題干所講信息并未涉及具體制作過程，推斷答案在Ice Cream Industry下。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞Ice cream making secrets定位，發(fā)現(xiàn)末段首句的意思與題干信息相反，可知題干表述錯誤。
7. NG 文章末尾只提到兩所大學開設了冰淇淋科學課程 (courses of ice cream science)，但美國是否有許多大學都開設這一課程不得而知。
8. from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent.根據(jù)題干中的信息詞the range of milk fat推知答案在標題Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?下，定位發(fā)現(xiàn)答案在第二段首句。
9. $4 billion. 題干講的是行業(yè)信息，推知答案在標題Ice Cream Industry下，再根據(jù)題干中的信息詞In 1999定位，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案在首段首句。
10. secretive and underhanded。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞Ice Cream Industry可知答案在同名標題下，在第二段首句可找到答案。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. D 信息明示題。雖然男士的話較長，但關鍵點在后，即he decided to cancel the class...由此可知，男士沒上地理課的原因是因為教授取消了課程。而男士前面說的很多同學缺席則是教授取消課程的原因，所以D正確。
12. A 信息明示題。解答本題的關鍵是理解even(偶數(shù))和odd(奇數(shù))，只要明白這兩個詞的含義，本題就可迎刃而解。女士說電梯只有偶數(shù)層停，而第九層是奇數(shù)層，所以A正確。
13. D 綜合推斷題。男士問女士雨停了沒有，女士回答說她的衣服都濕透了，言外之意是雨下的很大，故選D。
14. D 綜合推斷題。女士說自己把大部分午飯時間花在圖書館，但那里太安靜以至于她睡著了，由此可以推斷，女士之所以回來遲到了是因為睡過了并沒有，所以D正確。
15. C 信息明示題。本題的關鍵是對manage的理解，它在本段對話中相當于have或eat。男士問女士是否再要些土豆，女士回答說自己吃不下了，故選C。
16. B 信息明示題。男士說，I said free lunches...由此可知，B正確。解答本題的關鍵是聽清男士說的這句話，以避免three lunches, many lunches的干擾。
17. B 信息明示題。男士說自己聽說格林先生陷入財政危機，女士贊成了男士的說法，由此可知，格林先生沒有足夠的資金繼續(xù)他的項目，所以B正確。
18. A 建議題。男士說不知該把房間漆成什么顏色，女士建議漆成白色，說白色和家具的顏色很相配，故選A。
Conversation One
19. B 綜合推斷題。女士說This food is terrible. I can't even finish my dinner. 男士說the university could hire a better food service，結合這兩句話可以推斷，對話發(fā)生在食堂，所以B正確。
20. C 信息明示題。女士說I'm going over to the student recreation center to play some bridge.接下來男士問You are spending your time on a card game?由此可知，女士計劃晚上play bridge(打橋牌)，故選C。
21. D 信息明示題。男士說You should be careful not to play so much that you don't get your studying done。所以D正確。
22. D 信息明示題。男士說I have a pretty heavy workload this semester. I have to spend my evenings studying。由些可知，男士這學期的學業(yè)很重，他晚上也要學習，故選D。
Conversation Two
23. C 綜合推斷題。男士在對話開始時提到了海水來自彗星這一新理論，接下來的對話主要就是圍繞該理論展開的，后還引出了海水來自火山這一傳統(tǒng)理論，由此推斷，對話主要與地球上水的來源，特別是海水的來源有關，故選C。
24. D 信息明示題。男士說海水來源的新理論是基于近人造衛(wèi)星所拍攝的照片的，宇宙人造衛(wèi)星近探測到，每天有將近四萬顆小彗星與地球外層大氣相碰撞，故選D。
25. D 信息明示題。女士指出，地質(zhì)學者認為火山氣體大多為蒸汽，故選D。
Section B
Passage One
26. A 信息明示題。文章第一段指出，...Australia, where he trained as an electronics engineer。由此可知A正確。
27. D 信息明示題。文章第二段指出，...being an amateur radio operator，由此可知D正確。
28. C 信息明示題。文章第三段指出，Henry realized that this man was in fact his younger brother, Peter由此可知C正確。
Passage Two
29. B 信息明示題。文章開頭便指出，...four types of college degrees, starting with the associate degree。由此可知B正確。
30. A 信息明示題。文章指出，Not all associate degrees are designed for transfer. Some are technical degrees which are called terminal degrees, which mean they do not count toward a bachelor's。由此可知A正確。
31. C 信息明示題。文章后指出，The BA (or BS) is 120 credit hours or 185 quarter hours。由此可知C正確。
Passage Three
32. A 信息明示題。文章開頭就指出，淘金熱始于1848年，故選A。
33. D 信息明示題。文章提到Within a year, 100,000 people...had reached the coast of California，故選D。
34. B 綜合推斷題。文章提到More than half of them had traveled overland across the American continent，由此可以推斷，來淘金的人來自美國各地，故選B。
35. C 信息明示題。文章提到...it was a risky business. Law and order broke down...由此可知，淘金危險是因為它不受法律和秩序的保護，故選C。
Section C
36. financial 37. earn 38. various 39. pilot
40. outbreak 41. Confederate 42. company 43. prospected
44. Once that happened Twain traveled around the country giving lectures and earning enough money to go to Europe.
45. Twain didn't travel much the last 10 years of his life and he didn't publish much either.
46. Like many other popular writers Twain derived much of the materials for his writing from the wealth and diversity of his own personal experiences.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. E 該空需填入動詞原形，結合原意“和大多數(shù)美國人一梯狀，你(的體重)可能也有幾磅需要________”可知，E(去除)符合文意。
48. F 結合常識和下文可知，F(xiàn)符合文意。
49. A 結合句意“令人驚奇的是，為了看到長期________效果你不必節(jié)食或常去健身館”，可知空格處需填一形容詞，初選后留下A、D。由于下文只是講到運動會幫助減肥，但并未說明它的效果明顯，所以此處宜選用意思上更寬泛的positive(正面的，有效的)。
50. H 下文舉例的breathing, blood circulation and digestion都是人體的基本功能，且其后的functioning已給出了提示，故H符合文意。
51. B 該空需填入形容詞，結合常識和句意“任何時候只要你活動，你都需要________能量”來看選項，B(額外的)符合文意。
52. C 該句句意為“采用這兩種能量消耗來源中的哪一種取決于你活動的強度和________”，結合下文提到的...low to moderately intense and of long duration...可知C符合文意。
53. J 結合句意“(活動的)強度越低，身體越________于脂肪作為其燃料”，該空應填入能和on搭配的動詞，J符合文意。
54. D 結合常識可知，有氧運動是有效的減肥方式，選項中D符合文意。
55. L 該空需填入副詞，選項中只有L和N可作副詞，由下文提到的walking, running, swimming, dancing, and jumping等可推知在這些有氧運動中四肢的活動是反復的，故排除N。
56. I 該空需填入動詞的過去分詞，結合句意“如果你已經(jīng)________高強度、爆發(fā)性的運動，你會燃燒更多的脂肪”可知I符合文意。
Section B
Passage One
57. C 推斷題。由文章第一段后一句可知，由于我們每個人天生的能力和后天成長的環(huán)境不同，所以我們對成功的定義很泛，由此可以推斷，作者認為能力和環(huán)境是獲得成功的基本條件，故選C。
58. C 語義題。結合文章第二段第二句中的poor shepherd(貧窮的牧羊人)和選項可以推斷，C(節(jié)約的)正確，thrifty意為“節(jié)儉的，樸素的”;wealthy(富有的)，wasteful(浪費的)，miserable(悲慘的)均排除。
59. D 細節(jié)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句指出，有的人已經(jīng)很富有了卻認為自己不成功是因為他們是根據(jù)自己的目標判斷成功與否的，所以D正確。
60. D 推斷題。文章后一句指出，在沒有盡全力做自己喜歡的事而失敗之前，失敗都不算真正的失敗，由此推斷，文章后一段暗示，成功就是盡全力做自己喜歡的事情，所以D正確。
61. A 主旨題。本文第一句是全文的主題句，即每個人對成功的定義都不同，在接下來的幾段中作者從不同角度定義了成功，所以A正確。
Passage Two
62. A 主旨題。通讀全文可知，文章討論的是太空旅游業(yè)的可行性，所以A正確。其他三項均沒有全面概括文章大意。
63. C 語義題。文章第一段首句指出，“麥克開始倒立自己的太空旅行社時，他構想他的________將能把人造衛(wèi)星送上地球軌道”。A(賣面包和黃油的生意)，B(生產(chǎn)面包和黃油的生意)，C(謀生生意)，D(旅游中介)四個選項中，C符合題意。bread-and-butter意為“實用的，生計的”。
64. C 細節(jié)題。文章第二段第二句指出，公司收取了130多份定金，費用是兩小時98，000美元，所以C正確。
65. C 推斷題。文章第三段提到，太空旅行大的困難是資金問題，美國政府對此沒什么興趣，所以C正確;A(計劃的大困難是生命維持系統(tǒng)問題)，B(開發(fā)此市場的企業(yè)家們有足夠的資金)，D(首次航行在幾年內(nèi)就可實現(xiàn))，均與原文不符，故排除。
66. B 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者認為實現(xiàn)太空旅行還很遙遠，而有人卻已經(jīng)開始制定規(guī)劃了，作者的話語中(that galaxy far, far away)含有諷刺意味，所以B正確;A(客觀的)，C(贊同的)、D(熱衷的)均不正確。
Part V Cloze
67. B 詞義辨析題。subjectively意為“實質(zhì)地”，substantially意為“充分地，很多地”，substitutively意為“可替代地”，subjectively意為“主觀地”。本句的意思是“經(jīng)過幾個世紀，閱讀的概念已經(jīng)________改變了?！边x項B與句意符。
68. C 介詞用法題。本句中的to是介詞，應該接名詞或動名詞。結合其后and describing the reading process可知，應選C。
69. A 詞義辨析題。兩個分句的謂語分別是agree和disagree，由此可知，這兩個分句應為轉折關系，故選A。
70. A 詞義辨析題。involve意為“卷入，包括”，take意為“拿走，獲得”，reveal意為“顯示，揭露”，invite意為“邀請”，結合句意“專家們認為閱讀________更高的、更復雜的智力活動”，A符合。
71. D 詞義辨析題。mental function意為“智力活動”，故選D。opinion意為“意見”，manner意為“行為”，effect意為“影響”，這三項與mental搭配均不符合句意，故排除。
72. B 慣用搭配題。disagree about/on意為“對……有不同意見”，故選B。
73. A 慣用搭配題。view...as是慣用搭配，意為“把……看做”，故選A。look是不及物動詞，如需使用，應用look at。
74. D 慣用搭配題。stand for意為“代表”，stand by意為“支持”，stand to意為“遵守”，stand off意為“疏遠”，結合句意可知，D正確。
75. B 詞義辨析題。content意為“內(nèi)容”，contend意為“爭論，主張”，contemp意為“輕視”，contact意為“接觸”，結合句意可知，B正確。
76. A 詞義辨析題。inexplicably意為“無法解釋地”，inexpressibly意為“說不出地”，inextricably意為“解決不了地”，inexpediently意為“不明智地”，結合句意可知，A正確。
77. A 詞義辨析題。本句意為“一個孩子能讀出聲而不________所讀的含義，不能叫做真正的閱讀?！惫蔬xA(了解，理解)。explain意為“解釋”，真正的閱讀并不需要去解釋什么，而是要理解所讀材料的意思。
78. C 詞義辨析題。some在句中指代與authorities持不同觀點的人，空格與后面的to some共同構成插入語，according to為固定搭配，該插入語意為“根據(jù)有些人的觀點”，故選C。
79. D 詞義辨析題。totally意為“完全地”，usually意為“通?！保琺ainly意為“大體地”，均不符合句意，排除。actually意為“實際上”，下一句對其進行了反向解釋，即有閱讀能力的許多成年人，并未全面讀過一本書。言外之意，他們實際上不算讀者，故選D。
80. B 詞義辨析題。part意為“部分，零件”，entirety意為“整體”，chapter意為“章”，section意為“部分，節(jié)”，in its entirety意為“整體地，全面地”，由此可知B正確。
81. C 詞義辨析題。be classified as意為“被劃分，被分類到”，符合句意，故選C。
82. C 詞義辨析題。conclusive意為“確定的”，the most conclusive是其高級，指確定的，故選C。inclusive意為“包括的，包圍的”，inclinable意為“傾向于，贊成的”，complicated意為“復雜的”，均不符合句意。
83. D 詞義辨析題。unlock意為“解開，破譯”，符合句意，故選D。break意為“破裂”，elaborate意為“詳細說明”，define意為“解釋”，均不符合句意。
84. A 詞義辨析題。由句意“為了不同的________而對意思進行解釋”，可知A正確。for various purposes意為“出于各種各樣的原因”。
85. C 詞義辨析題。so用在do之后代表上文提到的具體動作，以避免重復，故選C。
86. B 慣用搭配題。結合上下文可知，此處要做總結，四個選項中只有B能和short構成短語in short(總之)。
Part VI Translation
87. since we introduced color photographs on the front page
本句為現(xiàn)在完成時，再結合中文部分的內(nèi)容可知，該部分應譯成since引導的時間狀語從句。為了強調(diào)此處的“采用”是從無到有的運用，應將其譯成introduce，而不是單純表示“運用”的use。
88. more complicate animals developed from the simple animals
本題的考點是“高等動物”和“低等動物”的譯法，即complicated animals和simple animals。值得注意的是，某些中文表達在英語中很難找到相對應的單詞，此時往往可以用詞組將中文的含義表達出來。
89. I'd like to order one fried egg and bacon
外出吃飯時，點菜所用的動詞可用order或have，此處為了避免與下句動詞重復，用order更好。而在表示主觀意愿的“想要”時，常用I'd like to來表示。
90. because of the sweet taste and a variety of flavors
本題的考點是“多種口味”的譯法，可用a variety of，強調(diào)種類繁多。a lot of雖然也表示“很多的”，但指的只是數(shù)量上的多，意思不夠貼切。
91. Scientists will come up with
本題的考點是“提出”的譯法。此處“提出”的賓語是methods，故采用短語come up with表達此意。
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Styles of Living. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:
1. 有些人愿意和父母居住在一起
2. 有些人想自己獨立居住
3. 我的看法
Styles of Living
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark
Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;
N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;
NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.
How Ice Cream Works
The U.S. ice cream industry sells about a million gallons of ice cream each year, dispensing cones, gallons, pints, sundaes and other desserts through grocery stores and ice cream shops. In fact, eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.
Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?
Not just any frozen treat can be called ice cream. In fact, the U.S. Department of Agriculture has specific rules that define what can and can't be labeled "ice cream". To bear the "Meets USDA Ingredient Standard for Ice Cream" stamp, it has to contain at least 10 percent milk fat, and a minimum of six percent non-fat milk solids. A gallon has to weigh at least 4.5 pounds.
The range of milk fat (sometimes referred to as butter fat) used in ice cream can go from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent. Most premium ice creams use 14 percent milk fat. Higher fat content leads to better, richer taste and a creamier texture. Ice cream makers don't go higher than 16 percent because it would be costly and very high in calories. An ice cream with this much milk fat would also taste so rich that people would probably eat it in smaller amounts, which would be bad news for people who sell ice cream for a living.
Other frozen desserts, such as sorbets (果汁冰糕), low-fat ice cream, and frozen yogurt, are not technically ice cream at all. Frozen custard is ice cream that has at least 1.4 percent egg yolk solids, and "soft serve" can be any frozen milkbased dessert that has not gone through the hardening process—more on that later.
In terms of specific ingredients, the recipe for ice cream is simple. But in scientific terms, it's complicated stuff. Ice cream is a colloid, a type of emulsion(乳狀液). An emulsion is a combination of two substances that don't normally mix together. Instead, one of the substances is dispersed throughout the other. In ice cream, molecules of fat are suspended in a water-sugar-ice structure along with air bubbles. The presence of air means that ice cream is also technically a foam.
In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers. Stabilizers help hold the air bubble structure together and give the ice cream a better texture. Although gelatin(凝膠) was originally used as a stabilizer, xanthan gum, guar gum, and other compounds are used today. Emulsifiers keep the ice cream smooth and aid the distribution of the fat molecules throughout the colloid. Egg yolks were once used, but ice cream manufacturers now tend to use other chemical compounds. These stabilizers and emulsifiers make up a very small proportion (less than one percent) of the ice cream.
Making Ice Cream
Whether it's being made in your kitchen with a hand crank, at a local homemade ice cream shop with a stand-alone ice cream maker, or in a factory that cranks out thousands of gallons of ice cream every day, the process of making ice cream is basically the same. The only difference is the scale of the operation.
First, you need ice cream mix. You can buy commercially made ice cream mix that is set to a certain milk fat content. Ice cream factories usually make their own mix by combining milk, cream and sugar in a 3,000 gallon vat, with the proportions and mixing controlled by computers. The mix is then pasteurized(用巴氏法滅菌), or heated, to kill any harmful bacteria. If you were to make your own mix at home, you could pasteurize it by cooking it in a double boiler, or use an egg substitute or pasteurized egg product. This step is important because otherwise people who eat your homemade ice cream could get sick due to salmonella contamination. According to the Centers for Disease Control, those most at risk include the elderly, very young children, and people with compromised immune systems.
The next step in production is adding flavor to the mix. There are thousands of varieties of ice cream, so just about any combination of flavors is possible. From vanilla to cinnamon, chocolate to triple chocolate fudge brownie, it all gets blended into the ice cream mix. In a factory, this step takes place in vats that hold hundreds of gallons of ice cream, while giant steel paddles do the mixing. In your kitchen, a large bowl and a food mixer will work, or even a wooden spoon and muscle power if you want some exercise. Solid chunks such as pieces of fruit, chocolate chunks, marshmallows, and candy are added later.
The next step is where and ice cream making machine comes into play. The mix has to be simultaneously frozen and whipped. In a factory, this happens in a giant tube surrounded by pipes. The pipes contain chemicals such as ammonia that freeze the tube, but the ammonia never comes into contact with the ice cream. The ice cream mix is pumped through the tube, where it gets cold very quickly. A dasher, or blade, turns inside the tube. This whips the mixture, introducing the air bubbles that help give ice cream its structure. The dasher also scrapes the sides of the tube, clearing off ice crystals that form there. This prevents large ice crystals from ruining the flavor and texture of the ice cream. All the elements of this process are carefully monitored and controlled by computers. Most homemade ice cream shops use a batch freezer for this step, where the same process happens on a smaller scale.
This step can be accomplished at home with a rock salt/ice mixture for freezing and a hand or electric cranked dasher to mix and scrape off the ice crystals.
Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process isn't finished. At this point, the mixture is frozen, but still soft. Large chunks of candy and other goodies are now added. Then the ice cream is placed into containers. Factory machines pour it straight into cartons or buckets, or it can be extruded(擠壓出)into shapes that have wooden sticks placed into them for individual treats.
Now the ice cream needs to be reduced to a very low temperature, zero degrees Fahrenheit or below. Factories make it even colder since they need the ice cream to stay frozen while it is packaged and loaded onto trucks. It needs to be very cold to freeze the ice cream quickly and prevent the formation of large ice crystals. This process is known as hardening. "Soft-serve" is often simply ice cream that has not gone through this process.
We'll learn about the ice cream industry in the next section.
Ice Cream Industry
In 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S., the worldwide leader in ice cream production, topped $4 billion. In 2002, more that $20 billion was spent on frozen desserts. The leading states in ice cream consumption are California, Indiana, Pennsylvania, Texas and New York . Americans ate an average of 21.5 quarts of ice cream per person in 2004.
With that much money to be made, the ice cream industry can be secretive and underhanded(秘密的). Deborah Hanny, owner of Sweet Jenny's Ice cream in Williamsville, NY, protects her recipes carefully. Her shop has been photographed by men in suits and she once caught someone in he upstairs office hurriedly trying to copy down her recipes.
Ice cream making secrets are seldom passed down from generation to generation these days. So where do people in the ice cream industry learn their craft? At ice cream school. Pennsylvania State University offers a week-long "Ice Cream Short Course" intended for industry professionals. The course teaches the science and technology used to make ice cream. The also offer Ice Cream 101 for ice cream hobbyists who just want to learn more about their favorite frozen treat. The University of Guelph, Ontario's Dairy Science and Technology school, also has a long history of teaching ice cream science.
1. Eight percent of all the milk produced in the U.S. ends up in a frozen dairy product.
2. Any frozen treat can be called ice cream.
3. In addition to milk fat, non-fat milk solids, sugar, and air, ice cream also contains stabilizers and emulsifiers.
4. The process of making ice cream at home is different from that in a factory.
5. Once the ice cream has come out of the ice cream maker, the process is finished.
6. Ice cream making secrets are passed down from generation to generation these days.
7. Many universities in U.S.A. offer courses of ice cream science.
8. The range of milk fat used in ice cream can go ________.
9. In 1999, retail sales of ice cream in the U.S. topped ________.
10. With that much money to be made, the ice cream industry can be ________.
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
11. [A] The class thought the demonstration was too complex.
[B] Too many students showed up.
[C] The professor didn't show up.
[D] The professor cancelled it.
12. [A] Because nine is an odd number.
[B] Because the elevator got stuck.
[C] Because the elevator is too old.
[D] Because there are too many people in the elevator.
13. [A] The rain has stopped.
[B] She wants to soak her clothes.
[C] She is looking for her clothes.
[D] It's raining heavily.
14. [A] She goes home for lunch.
[B] She spends her time shopping.
[C] She gets interested in what she is reading.
[D] She doesn't wake up in time.
15. [A] To buy some potatoes.
[B] To pass him some potatoes.
[C] To have some potatoes.
[D] to help him cook some potatoes.
16. [A] It involved a few lunches.
[B] There were free lunches.
[C] There were three lunches.
[D] There were more than free lunches.
17. [A] He decided to continue his project.
[B] He was unable to get sufficient money.
[C] Lack of land prevented his success.
[D] He was successful with his project.
18. [A] Painting the room white.
[B] Buying white furniture.
[C] Waiting the man to decide.
[D] Asking Mr. White for advice.
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
19. [A] In the student recreation center.
[B] In the campus dining hall.
[C] In the university bookstore.
[D] In a classroom.
20. [A] Studying.
[B] Preparing snacks.
[C] Playing cards.
[D] Learning how to play bridge.
21. [A] Miss her card game.
[B] Stay up too late.
[C] Take too heavy a work load next semester.
[D] Neglect her studies to play bridge.
22. [A] He already knows how to play.
[B] He doesn't like to play games.
[C] He doesn't have a partner.
[D] He doesn't have enough free time.
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
23. [A] The effect of the atmosphere on rainfall.
[B] How conditions on earth support life.
[C] How water originated on earth.
[D] A new estimate of the age of earth.
24. [A] The surface of the ocean is expanding.
[B] Volcanic activity is increasing.
[C] The surface of earth contains tons of cosmic dust.
[D] Thousands of comets are colliding with earth's atmosphere.
25. [A] They are found under the oceans.
[B] They were most active when earth was first formed.
[C] Their emissions created earth's atmosphere.
[D] Their fumes are mostly water in the state of a gas.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.
26. [A] He was trained as an electronics engineer.
[B] He was trained as a mechanical engineer.
[C] He was trained as a communication engineer.
[D] He was trained as a nuclear engineer.
27. [A] Fishing and hunting.
[B] He began to show great interest in natural beauty.
[C] Nuclear science.
[D] Amateur radio.
28. [A] An old friend of his.
[B] His elder brother.
[C] His younger brother.
[D] his younger son.
Passage Two
Questions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.
29. [A] The Bachelor's degree.
[B] The Associate degree.
[C] The Master's degree.
[D] The Doctor's degree.
30. [A] A technical associate degree.
[B] A degree which is designed for transfer.
[C] A bachelor's degree.
[D] The last degree one can ever hope to attain.
31. [A] 120 quarter hours.
[B] 95 quarter hours.
[C] 120 credit hours.
[D] 72 credit hours.
Passage Three
Questions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.
32. [A] In 1848.
[B] In 1846.
[C] In 1884.
[D] In 1849.
33. [A] 8,000 people.
[B] 10,000 people.
[C] 80,000 people.
[D] 100,000 people.
34. [A] From the western United States.
[B] From all parts of the country.
[C] From only the east coast of the American Continent.
[D] From San Francisco Bay.
35. [A] Because many settlements were abandoned.
[B] Because there were many gold-hungry sailors.
[C] Because private gold could not be protected by law.
[D] Because everybody raced for California.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Mark Twain, who wrote the story we're going to read, traveled quite a lot often because circumstamces, usually (36) ________ circumstances, forced him to He was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835 and moved to Hannibal, Missouri with his family when he was about 4 years old. Most people think he was born in Hannibal but that isn't true. After his father died when he was about 12, Twain worked in Hannibal for a while and then left, so he could (37) ________ more money. He worked for a while as a typesetter on (38) ________ newspapers and then got a job as a river (39) ________ on the Mississippi. Twain loved this job and many of his books show it. The river job didn't last, however, because of the (40) ________ of the Civil War. Twain, was in the (41) ________ Army for just 2 weeks and then he and his whole (42) ________ went west to get away from the war and the army. In Nevada and California Twain (43) ________ for silver and gold without much luck, but did succeed as a writer. (44) _________________________________________________________________. (45) ________________________________________________________________________. (46) __________________________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.
You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.
Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.
Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.
Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.
Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.
[A] positive
[B] additional
[C] duration
[D] effective
[E] shed
[F] physical
[G] food
[H] functions
[I] participated
[J] rely
[K] cut
[L] repeatedly
[M] uses
[N] little
[O] obvious
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, " You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort."
57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.
[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment
[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment
58. The word "frugal" (Line 2, Para. 2) means ________.
[A] wealthy [C] thrifty
[B] wasteful [D] miserable
59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.
[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low
[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.
60. The last paragraph implies that ________.
[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park
[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what one really likes
61. This passage mainly talks about ________.
[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals
[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goals
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blank, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Mark Twain, who wrote the story we're going to read, traveled quite a lot often because circumstamces, usually (36) ________ circumstances, forced him to He was born in Florida, Missouri in 1835 and moved to Hannibal, Missouri with his family when he was about 4 years old. Most people think he was born in Hannibal but that isn't true. After his father died when he was about 12, Twain worked in Hannibal for a while and then left, so he could (37) ________ more money. He worked for a while as a typesetter on (38) ________ newspapers and then got a job as a river (39) ________ on the Mississippi. Twain loved this job and many of his books show it. The river job didn't last, however, because of the (40) ________ of the Civil War. Twain, was in the (41) ________ Army for just 2 weeks and then he and his whole (42) ________ went west to get away from the war and the army. In Nevada and California Twain (43) ________ for silver and gold without much luck, but did succeed as a writer. (44) _________________________________________________________________. (45) ________________________________________________________________________. (46) __________________________________________________________________________.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to 47 . You may even have tried a fad diet or two, but found yourself right back where you started. The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don't have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.
You body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate.
Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.
Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the more your body will 53 on fat as its fuel.
Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity.
Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a 100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.
[A] positive
[B] additional
[C] duration
[D] effective
[E] shed
[F] physical
[G] food
[H] functions
[I] participated
[J] rely
[K] cut
[L] repeatedly
[M] uses
[N] little
[O] obvious
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statement. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
There are many ways of defining success. It is accurate to say that each of us has our own concept of success to the extent that each of us is responsible for setting our own goals and determining whether we have met these goals satisfactorily. Because each of us possesses unique differences in genetic ability and favorable environments in which to express these abilities, it is necessarily true that we must define success broadly.
For some people, simply being able to live their life with a minimum of misery and suffering is considered a success. Think of the peace of mind of the poor shepherd who tends his sheep, enjoys his frugal life with his family in the beauty of nature, and who is respected because he does a good job of achieving the goals expected of and accepted by his and his society. On the other hand, it seems that even though some people appear to be rich in material possessions, many of them seem to be miserable and consider themselves unsuccessful when judged by their own standards of success. Because not all ventures can be successful, one should not set unrealistic goals for achieving success, but if one has self-confidence it would be unfortunate to set one's goals at too low a level of achievement.
A wise counselor once said to a young man who was experiencing frustration with his own professional success: "You do not have to set your goal to reach the moon in order to have success in traveling. Sometimes one can be very successful merely by taking a walk in the park or riding the subway downtown," The counselor added, " You have not really failed and spoiled your chances for success until you have been unsuccessful at something you really like, and to which you have given you best effort."
57. In the first paragraph, the author implies that ________ are essential in achieving success.
[A] ability and goals [C] ability and environment
[B] goals and determination [D] goals and environment
58. The word "frugal" (Line 2, Para. 2) means ________.
[A] wealthy [C] thrifty
[B] wasteful [D] miserable
59. Some rich people consider themselves unsuccessful because ________.
[A] their life is miserable [C] their goals are too low
[B] they do not live in peace [D] they are not rich enough by their own standards.
60. The last paragraph implies that ________.
[A] we should have high goals [C] success means taking a walk in the park
[B] success means achieving great goals [D] success means trying one's best at what one really likes
61. This passage mainly talks about ________.
[A] the definition of success [C] how to set goals
[B] how to achieve success [D] the importance of goals
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based in the following passage.
When Mike Kelly first set out to build his own private space-ferry service, he figures his bread-and-butter business would be lofting satellite into high earth orbit. Now he thinks he may have figured wrong. "People were always asking me when they could go," says Kelly, who runs Kelly Space Technology, "I realized the real market is in space tourism."
According to preliminary market surveys, there are 10,000 would-be space tourists willing to spend $1 million each to visit the final frontier. Space Adventures in Arlington have taken more than 130 deposits for a two-hour, $98,000 space tour tentatively set to occur by 2005. This may sound great, but there are a few hurdles. Putting a simple satellite into orbit—with no oxygen, life support or return trip necessary—already costs and astronomical $2,200/kg. And that doesn't include the cost of insuring rich and possibly litigious(愛打官司的)passengers. The entire group of entrepreneurs trying to corner the spacetourism market has between them "just enough money to blow up one rocket".
The U.S. space agency has plenty of money but zero interest in making space less expensive for the little guys. So the little guys are racing to do what the government has failed to do: design a reusable launch system that's inexpensive, safe and reliable. Kelly Space's prototype looks like a plane that has sprouted rocket engines. Rotary Rocket in California has a booster with rotors to make a helicopter-style return to earth. The first passenger countdowns are still years away, but bureaucrats at the Federal Aviation Administration in Washington are already informally discussing flight regulations. After all, you can't be too prepared for a trip to that galaxy far, far away.
62. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
[A] Take Vacations in Space [C] Flight Regulations in Space Travels
[B] Building Hotels in Space [D] Cost of Space Traveling
63. The phrase "bread-and-butter business" (Line 1, Pare.1) most probably means ________.
[A] a business to sell bread and butter [C] the business to make a living
[B] a business to produce bread and butter [D] a traveling agency
64. How much is the 2-hour space tour for each person according to Space Adventures in Arlington?
[A] $1 million. [B] $10,000. [C] $98,000 [D] $22,000
65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
[A] The biggest hurdle for the space-tourism project is lack of a life supporting system.
[B] The entrepreneurs trying to explore the space-tourism have plenty of money.
[C] The government has little interests in this project.
[D] The first passenger countdowns are within a few years.
66. What's the author's tone in the last sentence of the passage?
[A] Objective. [C] Approving.
[B] Ironical. [D] Enthusiastic.
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.
Reading involves looking at graphic symbols and formulating mentally the sounds and ideas they represent. Concepts of reading have changed 67 over the centuries. During the 1950s especially, increased attention has been devoted to 68 and describing the reading process. 69 specialists agree that reading 70 a complex organization of higher mental 71 , they disagree 72 the exact nature of the process. Some experts, who regard language primarily as a code using symbols to represent sounds, 73 reading as simply the decoding of symbols to the sounds they stand 74 .
These authorities 75 that meaning, being concerned with thinking, must be taught independently of the decoding process. Others maintain that reading is 76 related to thinking, and that a child who pronounces sounds without 77 their meaning is not truly reading. The reader, 78 to some, is not just a person with a theoretical ability to read but one who 79 reads.
Many adults, although they have the ability to read, have never read a book in its 80 . By some experts they would not be 81 as readers. Clearly, the philosophy, objectives, methods and materials of reading will depend on the definition one uses. By the most 82 and satisfactory definition, reading is the ability to 83 the soundsymbols' code of the language, to interpret meaning for various 84 , at various rates, and at various levels of difficulty, and to do 85 widely and enthusiastically. 86 short, reading is the interpretation of ideas through the use of symbols representing sounds and ideas.
67. [A] substantively [B] substantially [C] substitutively [D] subjectively
68. [A] distributing [B] promoting [C] defining [D] reporting0
69. [A] Although [B] If [C] Unless [D] Until
70. [A] involves [B] takes [C] reveals [D] invites
71. [A] opinions [B] effects [C] manners [D] functions
72. [A] of [B] about [C] for [D] into
73. [A] view [B] look [C] reassure [D] agree
74. [A] by [B] to [C] off [D] for
75. [A] content [B] contend [C] contempt [D] contact
76. [A] inexplicably [B] inexpressibly [C] inextricably [D] inexpediently
77. [A] interpreting [B] telling [C] explaining [D] reading
78. [A] like [B] for [C] according [D] as
79. [A] totally [B] usually [C] mainly [D] actually
80. [A] part [B] entirety [C] chapter [D] section
81. [A] claimed [B] said [C] classified [D] graded
82. [A] inclusive [B] inclinable [C] conclusive [D] complicated
83. [A] break [B] elaborate [C] define [D] unlock
84. [A] purposes [B] degrees [C] stages [D] steps
85. [A] such [B] so as [C] so [D] such as
86. [A] By [B] In [C] On [D] To
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
87. The circulation figures have risen ________________________ (自從我們在頭版上采用了彩色照片后).
88. I believe in the theory that ________________________(高等動物是由低等動物發(fā)展而來的).
89. _______________________(我要點一份煎蛋和熏肉), and my colleague will have two eggs on toast.
90. Children love soft drinks, ________________________(因為它味道很甜而且有多種口味).
91. ________________________(科學家們將會提出)new methods of increasing the world's food supply.
2010年12月英語四級考試模擬試題答案詳解
Part I Writing
Styles of Living
Some people enjoy living together with their parents after the have grown up. They think that by living with parents they can take better care of their parents and vice versa. Meanwhile, they can turn to their parents for help if they get into trouble or have some difficulties. To them, life in a big family seems to be more enjoyable than that in a small one.
Others, however, prefer living separately. They cherish the idea of being independent, and wish to have a place of their own. Besides, they don't want to be overprotected by their parents, but long for the opportunities to face the society by themselves.
As for me, I like an independent life style. Different generations have different life styles and values. What one generation likes may not be another generation's fondness. In order to avoid conflicts, the best way is to live separately. In addition, by leading an independent life, I can develop my own ability to deal with the difficulties in my life. So I want to live by myself.
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
1. Y 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞eight percent，在通讀全文時注意百分比數(shù)字的信息。答案在第一段末句，可知題干表述正確。
2. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞frozen treat和ice cream，可知答案在標題Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert? 下，定位發(fā)現(xiàn)題干信息與首段首句意思相反，故表述錯誤。
3. Y 題干信息是關于ice cream 的成分的。查看文章的三個標題，推知答案可能在Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert下。用題干信息詞stabilizers和emulsifiers定位原文，答案在該標題下末段首句，可知題干表述正確。
4. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞making ice cream 可知答案在同名標題下。其下首段首句就提到在kitchen 或在ice cream shop或在factory制作ice cream ，程序都基本相同，可知題干表述錯誤。
5. N 根據(jù)題干中的信息詞ice cream maker可知答案在Making Ice Cream下。通讀其下每段首句了解基本步驟，發(fā)現(xiàn)題干信息與第六段首句矛盾，故題干表述錯誤。
6. N 題干所講信息并未涉及具體制作過程，推斷答案在Ice Cream Industry下。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞Ice cream making secrets定位，發(fā)現(xiàn)末段首句的意思與題干信息相反，可知題干表述錯誤。
7. NG 文章末尾只提到兩所大學開設了冰淇淋科學課程 (courses of ice cream science)，但美國是否有許多大學都開設這一課程不得而知。
8. from the minimum 10 percent to a maximum of about 16 percent.根據(jù)題干中的信息詞the range of milk fat推知答案在標題Ice Cream or Frozen Dessert?下，定位發(fā)現(xiàn)答案在第二段首句。
9. $4 billion. 題干講的是行業(yè)信息，推知答案在標題Ice Cream Industry下，再根據(jù)題干中的信息詞In 1999定位，發(fā)現(xiàn)答案在首段首句。
10. secretive and underhanded。根據(jù)題干中的信息詞Ice Cream Industry可知答案在同名標題下，在第二段首句可找到答案。
Part III Listening Comprehension
Section A
11. D 信息明示題。雖然男士的話較長，但關鍵點在后，即he decided to cancel the class...由此可知，男士沒上地理課的原因是因為教授取消了課程。而男士前面說的很多同學缺席則是教授取消課程的原因，所以D正確。
12. A 信息明示題。解答本題的關鍵是理解even(偶數(shù))和odd(奇數(shù))，只要明白這兩個詞的含義，本題就可迎刃而解。女士說電梯只有偶數(shù)層停，而第九層是奇數(shù)層，所以A正確。
13. D 綜合推斷題。男士問女士雨停了沒有，女士回答說她的衣服都濕透了，言外之意是雨下的很大，故選D。
14. D 綜合推斷題。女士說自己把大部分午飯時間花在圖書館，但那里太安靜以至于她睡著了，由此可以推斷，女士之所以回來遲到了是因為睡過了并沒有，所以D正確。
15. C 信息明示題。本題的關鍵是對manage的理解，它在本段對話中相當于have或eat。男士問女士是否再要些土豆，女士回答說自己吃不下了，故選C。
16. B 信息明示題。男士說，I said free lunches...由此可知，B正確。解答本題的關鍵是聽清男士說的這句話，以避免three lunches, many lunches的干擾。
17. B 信息明示題。男士說自己聽說格林先生陷入財政危機，女士贊成了男士的說法，由此可知，格林先生沒有足夠的資金繼續(xù)他的項目，所以B正確。
18. A 建議題。男士說不知該把房間漆成什么顏色，女士建議漆成白色，說白色和家具的顏色很相配，故選A。
Conversation One
19. B 綜合推斷題。女士說This food is terrible. I can't even finish my dinner. 男士說the university could hire a better food service，結合這兩句話可以推斷，對話發(fā)生在食堂，所以B正確。
20. C 信息明示題。女士說I'm going over to the student recreation center to play some bridge.接下來男士問You are spending your time on a card game?由此可知，女士計劃晚上play bridge(打橋牌)，故選C。
21. D 信息明示題。男士說You should be careful not to play so much that you don't get your studying done。所以D正確。
22. D 信息明示題。男士說I have a pretty heavy workload this semester. I have to spend my evenings studying。由些可知，男士這學期的學業(yè)很重，他晚上也要學習，故選D。
Conversation Two
23. C 綜合推斷題。男士在對話開始時提到了海水來自彗星這一新理論，接下來的對話主要就是圍繞該理論展開的，后還引出了海水來自火山這一傳統(tǒng)理論，由此推斷，對話主要與地球上水的來源，特別是海水的來源有關，故選C。
24. D 信息明示題。男士說海水來源的新理論是基于近人造衛(wèi)星所拍攝的照片的，宇宙人造衛(wèi)星近探測到，每天有將近四萬顆小彗星與地球外層大氣相碰撞，故選D。
25. D 信息明示題。女士指出，地質(zhì)學者認為火山氣體大多為蒸汽，故選D。
Section B
Passage One
26. A 信息明示題。文章第一段指出，...Australia, where he trained as an electronics engineer。由此可知A正確。
27. D 信息明示題。文章第二段指出，...being an amateur radio operator，由此可知D正確。
28. C 信息明示題。文章第三段指出，Henry realized that this man was in fact his younger brother, Peter由此可知C正確。
Passage Two
29. B 信息明示題。文章開頭便指出，...four types of college degrees, starting with the associate degree。由此可知B正確。
30. A 信息明示題。文章指出，Not all associate degrees are designed for transfer. Some are technical degrees which are called terminal degrees, which mean they do not count toward a bachelor's。由此可知A正確。
31. C 信息明示題。文章后指出，The BA (or BS) is 120 credit hours or 185 quarter hours。由此可知C正確。
Passage Three
32. A 信息明示題。文章開頭就指出，淘金熱始于1848年，故選A。
33. D 信息明示題。文章提到Within a year, 100,000 people...had reached the coast of California，故選D。
34. B 綜合推斷題。文章提到More than half of them had traveled overland across the American continent，由此可以推斷，來淘金的人來自美國各地，故選B。
35. C 信息明示題。文章提到...it was a risky business. Law and order broke down...由此可知，淘金危險是因為它不受法律和秩序的保護，故選C。
Section C
36. financial 37. earn 38. various 39. pilot
40. outbreak 41. Confederate 42. company 43. prospected
44. Once that happened Twain traveled around the country giving lectures and earning enough money to go to Europe.
45. Twain didn't travel much the last 10 years of his life and he didn't publish much either.
46. Like many other popular writers Twain derived much of the materials for his writing from the wealth and diversity of his own personal experiences.
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)
Section A
47. E 該空需填入動詞原形，結合原意“和大多數(shù)美國人一梯狀，你(的體重)可能也有幾磅需要________”可知，E(去除)符合文意。
48. F 結合常識和下文可知，F(xiàn)符合文意。
49. A 結合句意“令人驚奇的是，為了看到長期________效果你不必節(jié)食或常去健身館”，可知空格處需填一形容詞，初選后留下A、D。由于下文只是講到運動會幫助減肥，但并未說明它的效果明顯，所以此處宜選用意思上更寬泛的positive(正面的，有效的)。
50. H 下文舉例的breathing, blood circulation and digestion都是人體的基本功能，且其后的functioning已給出了提示，故H符合文意。
51. B 該空需填入形容詞，結合常識和句意“任何時候只要你活動，你都需要________能量”來看選項，B(額外的)符合文意。
52. C 該句句意為“采用這兩種能量消耗來源中的哪一種取決于你活動的強度和________”，結合下文提到的...low to moderately intense and of long duration...可知C符合文意。
53. J 結合句意“(活動的)強度越低，身體越________于脂肪作為其燃料”，該空應填入能和on搭配的動詞，J符合文意。
54. D 結合常識可知，有氧運動是有效的減肥方式，選項中D符合文意。
55. L 該空需填入副詞，選項中只有L和N可作副詞，由下文提到的walking, running, swimming, dancing, and jumping等可推知在這些有氧運動中四肢的活動是反復的，故排除N。
56. I 該空需填入動詞的過去分詞，結合句意“如果你已經(jīng)________高強度、爆發(fā)性的運動，你會燃燒更多的脂肪”可知I符合文意。
Section B
Passage One
57. C 推斷題。由文章第一段后一句可知，由于我們每個人天生的能力和后天成長的環(huán)境不同，所以我們對成功的定義很泛，由此可以推斷，作者認為能力和環(huán)境是獲得成功的基本條件，故選C。
58. C 語義題。結合文章第二段第二句中的poor shepherd(貧窮的牧羊人)和選項可以推斷，C(節(jié)約的)正確，thrifty意為“節(jié)儉的，樸素的”;wealthy(富有的)，wasteful(浪費的)，miserable(悲慘的)均排除。
59. D 細節(jié)題。文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句指出，有的人已經(jīng)很富有了卻認為自己不成功是因為他們是根據(jù)自己的目標判斷成功與否的，所以D正確。
60. D 推斷題。文章后一句指出，在沒有盡全力做自己喜歡的事而失敗之前，失敗都不算真正的失敗，由此推斷，文章后一段暗示，成功就是盡全力做自己喜歡的事情，所以D正確。
61. A 主旨題。本文第一句是全文的主題句，即每個人對成功的定義都不同，在接下來的幾段中作者從不同角度定義了成功，所以A正確。
Passage Two
62. A 主旨題。通讀全文可知，文章討論的是太空旅游業(yè)的可行性，所以A正確。其他三項均沒有全面概括文章大意。
63. C 語義題。文章第一段首句指出，“麥克開始倒立自己的太空旅行社時，他構想他的________將能把人造衛(wèi)星送上地球軌道”。A(賣面包和黃油的生意)，B(生產(chǎn)面包和黃油的生意)，C(謀生生意)，D(旅游中介)四個選項中，C符合題意。bread-and-butter意為“實用的，生計的”。
64. C 細節(jié)題。文章第二段第二句指出，公司收取了130多份定金，費用是兩小時98，000美元，所以C正確。
65. C 推斷題。文章第三段提到，太空旅行大的困難是資金問題，美國政府對此沒什么興趣，所以C正確;A(計劃的大困難是生命維持系統(tǒng)問題)，B(開發(fā)此市場的企業(yè)家們有足夠的資金)，D(首次航行在幾年內(nèi)就可實現(xiàn))，均與原文不符，故排除。
66. B 觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)上下文可知，作者認為實現(xiàn)太空旅行還很遙遠，而有人卻已經(jīng)開始制定規(guī)劃了，作者的話語中(that galaxy far, far away)含有諷刺意味，所以B正確;A(客觀的)，C(贊同的)、D(熱衷的)均不正確。
Part V Cloze
67. B 詞義辨析題。subjectively意為“實質(zhì)地”，substantially意為“充分地，很多地”，substitutively意為“可替代地”，subjectively意為“主觀地”。本句的意思是“經(jīng)過幾個世紀，閱讀的概念已經(jīng)________改變了?！边x項B與句意符。
68. C 介詞用法題。本句中的to是介詞，應該接名詞或動名詞。結合其后and describing the reading process可知，應選C。
69. A 詞義辨析題。兩個分句的謂語分別是agree和disagree，由此可知，這兩個分句應為轉折關系，故選A。
70. A 詞義辨析題。involve意為“卷入，包括”，take意為“拿走，獲得”，reveal意為“顯示，揭露”，invite意為“邀請”，結合句意“專家們認為閱讀________更高的、更復雜的智力活動”，A符合。
71. D 詞義辨析題。mental function意為“智力活動”，故選D。opinion意為“意見”，manner意為“行為”，effect意為“影響”，這三項與mental搭配均不符合句意，故排除。
72. B 慣用搭配題。disagree about/on意為“對……有不同意見”，故選B。
73. A 慣用搭配題。view...as是慣用搭配，意為“把……看做”，故選A。look是不及物動詞，如需使用，應用look at。
74. D 慣用搭配題。stand for意為“代表”，stand by意為“支持”，stand to意為“遵守”，stand off意為“疏遠”，結合句意可知，D正確。
75. B 詞義辨析題。content意為“內(nèi)容”，contend意為“爭論，主張”，contemp意為“輕視”，contact意為“接觸”，結合句意可知，B正確。
76. A 詞義辨析題。inexplicably意為“無法解釋地”，inexpressibly意為“說不出地”，inextricably意為“解決不了地”，inexpediently意為“不明智地”，結合句意可知，A正確。
77. A 詞義辨析題。本句意為“一個孩子能讀出聲而不________所讀的含義，不能叫做真正的閱讀?！惫蔬xA(了解，理解)。explain意為“解釋”，真正的閱讀并不需要去解釋什么，而是要理解所讀材料的意思。
78. C 詞義辨析題。some在句中指代與authorities持不同觀點的人，空格與后面的to some共同構成插入語，according to為固定搭配，該插入語意為“根據(jù)有些人的觀點”，故選C。
79. D 詞義辨析題。totally意為“完全地”，usually意為“通?！保琺ainly意為“大體地”，均不符合句意，排除。actually意為“實際上”，下一句對其進行了反向解釋，即有閱讀能力的許多成年人，并未全面讀過一本書。言外之意，他們實際上不算讀者，故選D。
80. B 詞義辨析題。part意為“部分，零件”，entirety意為“整體”，chapter意為“章”，section意為“部分，節(jié)”，in its entirety意為“整體地，全面地”，由此可知B正確。
81. C 詞義辨析題。be classified as意為“被劃分，被分類到”，符合句意，故選C。
82. C 詞義辨析題。conclusive意為“確定的”，the most conclusive是其高級，指確定的，故選C。inclusive意為“包括的，包圍的”，inclinable意為“傾向于，贊成的”，complicated意為“復雜的”，均不符合句意。
83. D 詞義辨析題。unlock意為“解開，破譯”，符合句意，故選D。break意為“破裂”，elaborate意為“詳細說明”，define意為“解釋”，均不符合句意。
84. A 詞義辨析題。由句意“為了不同的________而對意思進行解釋”，可知A正確。for various purposes意為“出于各種各樣的原因”。
85. C 詞義辨析題。so用在do之后代表上文提到的具體動作，以避免重復，故選C。
86. B 慣用搭配題。結合上下文可知，此處要做總結，四個選項中只有B能和short構成短語in short(總之)。
Part VI Translation
87. since we introduced color photographs on the front page
本句為現(xiàn)在完成時，再結合中文部分的內(nèi)容可知，該部分應譯成since引導的時間狀語從句。為了強調(diào)此處的“采用”是從無到有的運用，應將其譯成introduce，而不是單純表示“運用”的use。
88. more complicate animals developed from the simple animals
本題的考點是“高等動物”和“低等動物”的譯法，即complicated animals和simple animals。值得注意的是，某些中文表達在英語中很難找到相對應的單詞，此時往往可以用詞組將中文的含義表達出來。
89. I'd like to order one fried egg and bacon
外出吃飯時，點菜所用的動詞可用order或have，此處為了避免與下句動詞重復，用order更好。而在表示主觀意愿的“想要”時，常用I'd like to來表示。
90. because of the sweet taste and a variety of flavors
本題的考點是“多種口味”的譯法，可用a variety of，強調(diào)種類繁多。a lot of雖然也表示“很多的”，但指的只是數(shù)量上的多，意思不夠貼切。
91. Scientists will come up with
本題的考點是“提出”的譯法。此處“提出”的賓語是methods，故采用短語come up with表達此意。