Unit 3
I. 課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
我初開始散步是作為一種脫身之計(jì)。在辦公室里忙了一個(gè)上午之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)午飯時(shí)出去走一走，吸一口新鮮空氣，享受一下陽光，十分令人神清氣爽。我還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在夜間充滿寒意的空氣中散步也是一種使人心曠神怡的放松辦法。
一個(gè)冬夜，經(jīng)過了醫(yī)院里好幾個(gè)小時(shí)精疲力竭的工作后我漫步在空曠無人的大街上，那種感覺永遠(yuǎn)都無法忘卻。我一下子發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不再感到緊張疲勞。什么病人的病情、個(gè)人的煩惱，似乎就像寒夜中呼出的熱氣，一下子都煙消云散了，
我把散步納入了每天的日程，不僅精神振作了，而且體重和血壓也逐漸下降了。我開始查閱有關(guān)散步的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)。通過研究，還通過從事家庭保健醫(yī)生工作中的臨床觀察，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論年齡大小，散步都能健身瘦身，延年益壽。
散步同游泳、騎車、跑步等一樣，是一種有氧運(yùn)動，能夠增加皮膚和肌肉的供氧，從而增進(jìn)體能和耐力。這種運(yùn)動可成為預(yù)防心血管疾病的主要因素。
散步是一種不激烈、為安全的有氧運(yùn)動，對絕大多數(shù)人都極其合適。以舒適的速度步行能促進(jìn)心肺活動，從而提高心肺功能，雖然比起其他各種運(yùn)動方式來散步的作用較為緩慢。
II. 英漢翻譯原理第二講：什么是好的譯文？（續(xù)）
【例14】 There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.
【譯文】 他們之間既有對抗，又有合作。
【例15】 He died, and was survived by wife and three children.
【譯文】 他死了，撇下了妻子和三個(gè)孩子。
【例16】 Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.
【譯文】 司法部門如果對此不聞不問，那就是失職。
【例17】 Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.
【譯文】 他顯然具備了垂釣者的首要品質(zhì)，即以釣為樂，釣多釣少無所謂。
【例18】 Nothing out of its place is good, nothing in its place is bad.
×身外之物無一是善，身內(nèi)之物無一是惡。
【譯文】 凡事不當(dāng)無一是好，凡事得當(dāng)無一是壞。
【例19】 Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day.
×幸福似甘露，日日可享用。
【譯文】 幸福猶如甘露，要天天采集才能日日享用。
忠實(shí)原文是指譯文與原文實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容上的一致，而不是形式上的一致。譯者由于對原文理解不深，不能透過原文的形式掌握其實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，僅見其形，未見其神，這樣譯出的文字形式上似乎與原文一致了，但與原文的意思卻相去甚遠(yuǎn)。這便是犯了翻譯上的形式主義。但是靈活出了格，過分強(qiáng)調(diào)譯文的流暢，而不受原文意思的約束，鬧了獨(dú)立性，在原文的思想內(nèi)容之外隨意添枝加葉，這種譯法稱之為自由主義。
【例20】 This was one of the secrets of his great popularity, but it was a popularity which was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and bubbled, and foamed for a while, only to recede, and be lost to its former possessor.
×這是他名噪一時(shí)的一個(gè)秘密，但這種名聲如同波濤一樣起伏不定：在短暫的時(shí)間內(nèi)如日中天，盛極一時(shí)，炙手可熱，但轉(zhuǎn)瞬間又煙消云散，終于在原來有些聲望的人身上消失了。
【譯文】 這是他名噪一時(shí)的一個(gè)秘密，但這種名聲如同波濤一樣起伏不定：一時(shí)間奔騰高漲，洶涌澎拜，轉(zhuǎn)瞬間又一落千丈，終于在原來享有這種聲望的人身上蕩然無存。
佳譯欣賞：
【例21】 A thief is a thief.
【譯文】 賊性難改。
【例22】 There was no snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead.
【譯文】 天未下雪，但葉落草枯。
【例23】 Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters.
【譯文】 人世間，事不由己，變遷災(zāi)禍，難以逆料。
【例24】 It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.
【譯文】 綠草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，這日子是如此清新；蜜蜂無言，春花不語，海波聲歇，大地音寂，這日子是如此安靜。然而并非安靜，因?yàn)槿f物各以其獨(dú)特的節(jié)奏，或動，或搖，或震，或起，或伏。
III. 課堂練習(xí)（努力按照忠實(shí)原文和譯文流暢兩項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把下列句子譯成漢語，翻譯時(shí)既要避免拘泥于原文結(jié)構(gòu)的形式主義譯法，又要防止偏離原文內(nèi)容的自由主義譯法）：
1.He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death.
2.No greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a tyrant.
3.He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.
4.The expectation of collision informed British frontier policy in this period.
5.Every day now, the suppression of truth and the organizing of public ignorance shame journalism.
6.I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticket-seller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.
7.Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right, but eternal defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts, if cursed with indecision.
8.In their rush, these companies have neglected the hardest part of doing business in China: the people part. The result is that many have jeopardized their performance in the long run.
IV. 課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1.虛度年華者，雖生猶死。
2.國之大難莫過于暴君當(dāng)?shù)馈?BR> 3.他有一種習(xí)慣讓人受不了，意見反復(fù)不定，一會兒一個(gè)變化。
4.英國預(yù)計(jì)到了將會發(fā)生沖突，并據(jù)此對這一時(shí)期的邊境政策作了調(diào)整。
5.現(xiàn)在，天天都在隱瞞真相，愚弄公眾，這種做法是新聞界的恥辱。
6.我走到售票臺。女售票員一看見我，她那原本頗為動人的臉?biāo)⒌匾怀粒兊门瓪鉀_沖。
7.出錯(cuò)者若處事果斷，仍可意外取得成功；才干出眾者若優(yōu)柔寡斷，必然屢屢失誤。
8.這些公司在一擁而入之中忽略了在中國經(jīng)營艱巨的問題，即人的問題，結(jié)果許多公司嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了他們的遠(yuǎn)期經(jīng)營業(yè)績。
V. 課外練習(xí)（努力按照忠實(shí)原文和譯文流暢兩項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把下列短文譯成漢語）：
Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which the pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.
(256 words)
I. 課外練習(xí)參考譯文：
我初開始散步是作為一種脫身之計(jì)。在辦公室里忙了一個(gè)上午之后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)午飯時(shí)出去走一走，吸一口新鮮空氣，享受一下陽光，十分令人神清氣爽。我還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在夜間充滿寒意的空氣中散步也是一種使人心曠神怡的放松辦法。
一個(gè)冬夜，經(jīng)過了醫(yī)院里好幾個(gè)小時(shí)精疲力竭的工作后我漫步在空曠無人的大街上，那種感覺永遠(yuǎn)都無法忘卻。我一下子發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不再感到緊張疲勞。什么病人的病情、個(gè)人的煩惱，似乎就像寒夜中呼出的熱氣，一下子都煙消云散了，
我把散步納入了每天的日程，不僅精神振作了，而且體重和血壓也逐漸下降了。我開始查閱有關(guān)散步的醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)。通過研究，還通過從事家庭保健醫(yī)生工作中的臨床觀察，我發(fā)現(xiàn)，無論年齡大小，散步都能健身瘦身，延年益壽。
散步同游泳、騎車、跑步等一樣，是一種有氧運(yùn)動，能夠增加皮膚和肌肉的供氧，從而增進(jìn)體能和耐力。這種運(yùn)動可成為預(yù)防心血管疾病的主要因素。
散步是一種不激烈、為安全的有氧運(yùn)動，對絕大多數(shù)人都極其合適。以舒適的速度步行能促進(jìn)心肺活動，從而提高心肺功能，雖然比起其他各種運(yùn)動方式來散步的作用較為緩慢。
II. 英漢翻譯原理第二講：什么是好的譯文？（續(xù)）
【例14】 There is a mix of confrontation and cooperation between them.
【譯文】 他們之間既有對抗，又有合作。
【例15】 He died, and was survived by wife and three children.
【譯文】 他死了，撇下了妻子和三個(gè)孩子。
【例16】 Law enforcement cannot responsibly stand aloof.
【譯文】 司法部門如果對此不聞不問，那就是失職。
【例17】 Evidently he had the first quality of an angler, which is not to measure the pleasure by the catch.
【譯文】 他顯然具備了垂釣者的首要品質(zhì)，即以釣為樂，釣多釣少無所謂。
【例18】 Nothing out of its place is good, nothing in its place is bad.
×身外之物無一是善，身內(nèi)之物無一是惡。
【譯文】 凡事不當(dāng)無一是好，凡事得當(dāng)無一是壞。
【例19】 Happiness is like manna; it is to be gathered and enjoyed every day.
×幸福似甘露，日日可享用。
【譯文】 幸福猶如甘露，要天天采集才能日日享用。
忠實(shí)原文是指譯文與原文實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容上的一致，而不是形式上的一致。譯者由于對原文理解不深，不能透過原文的形式掌握其實(shí)質(zhì)內(nèi)容，僅見其形，未見其神，這樣譯出的文字形式上似乎與原文一致了，但與原文的意思卻相去甚遠(yuǎn)。這便是犯了翻譯上的形式主義。但是靈活出了格，過分強(qiáng)調(diào)譯文的流暢，而不受原文意思的約束，鬧了獨(dú)立性，在原文的思想內(nèi)容之外隨意添枝加葉，這種譯法稱之為自由主義。
【例20】 This was one of the secrets of his great popularity, but it was a popularity which was as unsettled as the waves. It swelled, and bubbled, and foamed for a while, only to recede, and be lost to its former possessor.
×這是他名噪一時(shí)的一個(gè)秘密，但這種名聲如同波濤一樣起伏不定：在短暫的時(shí)間內(nèi)如日中天，盛極一時(shí)，炙手可熱，但轉(zhuǎn)瞬間又煙消云散，終于在原來有些聲望的人身上消失了。
【譯文】 這是他名噪一時(shí)的一個(gè)秘密，但這種名聲如同波濤一樣起伏不定：一時(shí)間奔騰高漲，洶涌澎拜，轉(zhuǎn)瞬間又一落千丈，終于在原來享有這種聲望的人身上蕩然無存。
佳譯欣賞：
【例21】 A thief is a thief.
【譯文】 賊性難改。
【例22】 There was no snow, the leaves were gone, the grass was dead.
【譯文】 天未下雪，但葉落草枯。
【例23】 Human affairs are all subject to changes and disasters.
【譯文】 人世間，事不由己，變遷災(zāi)禍，難以逆料。
【例24】 It was a day as fresh as grass growing up and clouds going over and butterflies coming down can make it. It was a day compounded from silences of bee and flower and ocean and land, which were not silences at all, but motions, stirs, flutters, risings, fallings, each in its own time and matchless rhythm.
【譯文】 綠草萋萋，白云冉冉，彩蝶翩翩，這日子是如此清新；蜜蜂無言，春花不語，海波聲歇，大地音寂，這日子是如此安靜。然而并非安靜，因?yàn)槿f物各以其獨(dú)特的節(jié)奏，或動，或搖，或震，或起，或伏。
III. 課堂練習(xí)（努力按照忠實(shí)原文和譯文流暢兩項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把下列句子譯成漢語，翻譯時(shí)既要避免拘泥于原文結(jié)構(gòu)的形式主義譯法，又要防止偏離原文內(nèi)容的自由主義譯法）：
1.He who idles away the time is nothing but a living death.
2.No greater misfortune befalls a country than to be governed by a tyrant.
3.He had a disconcerting habit of expressing contradictory ideas in rapid succession.
4.The expectation of collision informed British frontier policy in this period.
5.Every day now, the suppression of truth and the organizing of public ignorance shame journalism.
6.I walked to the ticket counter. When the ticket-seller saw me, her otherwise attractive face turned sour, violently so.
7.Accident may put a decisive blunderer in the right, but eternal defeat and miscarriage must attend the man of the best parts, if cursed with indecision.
8.In their rush, these companies have neglected the hardest part of doing business in China: the people part. The result is that many have jeopardized their performance in the long run.
IV. 課堂練習(xí)參考譯文：
1.虛度年華者，雖生猶死。
2.國之大難莫過于暴君當(dāng)?shù)馈?BR> 3.他有一種習(xí)慣讓人受不了，意見反復(fù)不定，一會兒一個(gè)變化。
4.英國預(yù)計(jì)到了將會發(fā)生沖突，并據(jù)此對這一時(shí)期的邊境政策作了調(diào)整。
5.現(xiàn)在，天天都在隱瞞真相，愚弄公眾，這種做法是新聞界的恥辱。
6.我走到售票臺。女售票員一看見我，她那原本頗為動人的臉?biāo)⒌匾怀粒兊门瓪鉀_沖。
7.出錯(cuò)者若處事果斷，仍可意外取得成功；才干出眾者若優(yōu)柔寡斷，必然屢屢失誤。
8.這些公司在一擁而入之中忽略了在中國經(jīng)營艱巨的問題，即人的問題，結(jié)果許多公司嚴(yán)重?fù)p害了他們的遠(yuǎn)期經(jīng)營業(yè)績。
V. 課外練習(xí)（努力按照忠實(shí)原文和譯文流暢兩項(xiàng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，把下列短文譯成漢語）：
Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.
There are two ways by which the pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes "prior to" disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.
A second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.
(256 words)