5. Modern petroleum exploration is unthinkable without the aid of magnetism, gravity, and seismic surveys in finding potential petroleum traps. Nor could any finds be evaluated effectively without geophysical wireline well logs to measure the lithology, porosity, and petroleum content of a reservoir.
5、利用現(xiàn)代石油勘探手段尋找潛在的石油圈閉時(shí)，如果沒有地磁、重力和地震勘探，是不可想象的。同樣，如果沒有地球物理電纜測井測量巖性、孔隙度和儲(chǔ)層中石油的含量，對任何發(fā)現(xiàn)的圈閉也不可能做到有效評價(jià)。
6. Biology is applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossils (paleontology), and is especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation. The shift in emphasis from the use of macrofossils to microfossils for zonation, caused by oil exploration, has already been noted. Ecology, the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment, is also important in petroleum geology. Carbonate sediments, in general, and reefs, in particular, can only be studied profitably with the aid of a detailed knowledge of the ecology of modern marine fauna and flora. Biology, and especially biochemistry, is important in studying the transformation of plant and animal tissues into kerogen during burial and the generation of oil or gas that may be caused by this transformation.
6、生物學(xué)可以從幾個(gè)方面應(yīng)用于地質(zhì)學(xué)。較為明顯的是用于化石研究(古生物學(xué))，同時(shí)，生物學(xué)對區(qū)域地層對比和建立生物層序地層帶具有極為重要的意義。由石油勘探引起的劃帶重點(diǎn)化石已經(jīng)顯然由大化石轉(zhuǎn)移到微體化石。生態(tài)學(xué)，即研究生物與其環(huán)境之間關(guān)系的科學(xué)，在石油地質(zhì)中也很重要。碳酸鹽巖沉積物，特別是生物礁，只有在現(xiàn)代海洋動(dòng)物群落和植物群落生態(tài)學(xué)詳細(xì)資料的幫助下才能獲得有益的研究成果。生物學(xué)，尤其是生物化學(xué)，對于埋藏過程中動(dòng)植物組織轉(zhuǎn)化為干酪根并由此生成石油和天然氣的研究很重要。
7. Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation of organic matter in sediments have already been noted and are examined in more detail. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.
7、地質(zhì)學(xué)家相對于非地質(zhì)學(xué)家來說，更相信了解地質(zhì)概念有助于尋找石油。而且，常常認(rèn)為石油地質(zhì)和石油勘探是同義詞，而實(shí)際上并非如此。石油并不是由沉積物中的有機(jī)物轉(zhuǎn)化而來的理論已經(jīng)引起人們的關(guān)注，并在許多細(xì)節(jié)問題上得以證實(shí)。如果石油地質(zhì)學(xué)者關(guān)于油氣生成和運(yùn)移的觀點(diǎn)不被接受，那么目前的勘探方法需要大幅度改變。
8. Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The South African State Oil Company (SOEKOR) is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.
8、一些石油勘探家仍然不承認(rèn)在找油過程中需要地質(zhì)學(xué)家的幫助。1982年，一位德州米德蘭油田的發(fā)現(xiàn)者聲稱沒有雇傭地質(zhì)學(xué)家。他的對手雇傭了地質(zhì)學(xué)家，結(jié)果只是增加了每桶原油的成本。南非國家石油公司在政府法律強(qiáng)行規(guī)定下，對每種發(fā)現(xiàn)石油的方法(尋找礦藏和水源機(jī)械方法或復(fù)雜的科學(xué)方法)必須進(jìn)行測驗(yàn)。上述事例并非是獨(dú)一無二的，它說明尋找石油可能的較好方法是隨機(jī)鉆探，而不是應(yīng)用科學(xué)原理。
5、利用現(xiàn)代石油勘探手段尋找潛在的石油圈閉時(shí)，如果沒有地磁、重力和地震勘探，是不可想象的。同樣，如果沒有地球物理電纜測井測量巖性、孔隙度和儲(chǔ)層中石油的含量，對任何發(fā)現(xiàn)的圈閉也不可能做到有效評價(jià)。
6. Biology is applied to geology in several ways, notably through the study of fossils (paleontology), and is especially significant in establishing biostratigraphic zones for regional stratigraphical correlation. The shift in emphasis from the use of macrofossils to microfossils for zonation, caused by oil exploration, has already been noted. Ecology, the study of the relationship between living organisms and their environment, is also important in petroleum geology. Carbonate sediments, in general, and reefs, in particular, can only be studied profitably with the aid of a detailed knowledge of the ecology of modern marine fauna and flora. Biology, and especially biochemistry, is important in studying the transformation of plant and animal tissues into kerogen during burial and the generation of oil or gas that may be caused by this transformation.
6、生物學(xué)可以從幾個(gè)方面應(yīng)用于地質(zhì)學(xué)。較為明顯的是用于化石研究(古生物學(xué))，同時(shí)，生物學(xué)對區(qū)域地層對比和建立生物層序地層帶具有極為重要的意義。由石油勘探引起的劃帶重點(diǎn)化石已經(jīng)顯然由大化石轉(zhuǎn)移到微體化石。生態(tài)學(xué)，即研究生物與其環(huán)境之間關(guān)系的科學(xué)，在石油地質(zhì)中也很重要。碳酸鹽巖沉積物，特別是生物礁，只有在現(xiàn)代海洋動(dòng)物群落和植物群落生態(tài)學(xué)詳細(xì)資料的幫助下才能獲得有益的研究成果。生物學(xué)，尤其是生物化學(xué)，對于埋藏過程中動(dòng)植物組織轉(zhuǎn)化為干酪根并由此生成石油和天然氣的研究很重要。
7. Geologists, in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore, often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration are synonyms, which they are not. Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation of organic matter in sediments have already been noted and are examined in more detail. If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration are not accepted, then present exploration methods would need extensive modification.
7、地質(zhì)學(xué)家相對于非地質(zhì)學(xué)家來說，更相信了解地質(zhì)概念有助于尋找石油。而且，常常認(rèn)為石油地質(zhì)和石油勘探是同義詞，而實(shí)際上并非如此。石油并不是由沉積物中的有機(jī)物轉(zhuǎn)化而來的理論已經(jīng)引起人們的關(guān)注，并在許多細(xì)節(jié)問題上得以證實(shí)。如果石油地質(zhì)學(xué)者關(guān)于油氣生成和運(yùn)移的觀點(diǎn)不被接受，那么目前的勘探方法需要大幅度改變。
8. Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit to a need for geologists to aid them in their search. In 1982 a successful oil finder from Midland, Texas, admitted to not using geologists because when his competitors hired them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel of oil found. The South African State Oil Company (SOEKOR) is under a statutory obligation imposed by its government to put to the test every claim to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing or some sophisticated scientific technique. These examples are not isolated cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random drilling than by the appliance of scientific principles.
8、一些石油勘探家仍然不承認(rèn)在找油過程中需要地質(zhì)學(xué)家的幫助。1982年，一位德州米德蘭油田的發(fā)現(xiàn)者聲稱沒有雇傭地質(zhì)學(xué)家。他的對手雇傭了地質(zhì)學(xué)家，結(jié)果只是增加了每桶原油的成本。南非國家石油公司在政府法律強(qiáng)行規(guī)定下，對每種發(fā)現(xiàn)石油的方法(尋找礦藏和水源機(jī)械方法或復(fù)雜的科學(xué)方法)必須進(jìn)行測驗(yàn)。上述事例并非是獨(dú)一無二的，它說明尋找石油可能的較好方法是隨機(jī)鉆探，而不是應(yīng)用科學(xué)原理。