1998年P(guān)assage 4
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development - and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead - has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.
Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people - numerically the third largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War II, and the pattern still prevails.
Three sun belt states - Florida, Texas and California - together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th - with Cleveland and Washington.DC, dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say, Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too - and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s "baby boom" generation reached its child bearing years.
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances-
● Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate - 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
●Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except fro Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.
In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose - and still are choosing - somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent - little more than two thirds the 1960s’ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
65. We can see from the available statistics that _____ .
[A] California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
[B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West
[C] cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
[D] Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本文多次提到加利福尼亞州，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)其是全美人口少的州，因此可以首先排除A選項(xiàng)。文章倒數(shù)第五段中談到"Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile"(除了佛羅里達(dá)州和得克薩斯州外，處于人口增長(zhǎng)率前10位的都是西部各州，共有750萬(wàn)人--每平方英里約9個(gè)人)，可見(jiàn)B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)的表述則過(guò)于絕對(duì)，在文章中并沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的信息。而文章倒數(shù)第五段也談到"Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively"(內(nèi)華達(dá)和亞利桑那是增長(zhǎng)率高的兩個(gè)州：其增長(zhǎng)率分別為63.5%和53.1%)，D選項(xiàng)正好符合這句話的細(xì)節(jié)。
[題目譯文]
我們可以從已得到的數(shù)據(jù)中判斷 。
[A] 加利福尼亞以前曾經(jīng)是全美國(guó)人口少的地區(qū)
[B] 人口增長(zhǎng)排前10名的州都在西部
[C] 氣候條件更好的州都從接納移民中獲益
[D] 亞利桑那州的人口增長(zhǎng)率在所有的州中排名第二 1999年P(guān)assage 2
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they’re looking for.
Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’ s private internet .
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
55. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business__
[A] has been striving to expand its market
[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion
[C] tried but in vain to control the market
[D] has been booming for one year or so
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章第一段，實(shí)際上其對(duì)應(yīng)信息正是開(kāi)篇第一句話"In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market"(在網(wǎng)上交易剛開(kāi)始的一兩年中，大部分業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)都是圍繞著努力開(kāi)發(fā)消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)來(lái)進(jìn)行的)，可見(jiàn)只有A選項(xiàng)符合答案。B選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于第二句也提到網(wǎng)絡(luò)是"more than a fashion"(不僅僅是一種時(shí)尚)，因此B選項(xiàng)并不符合原文。C選項(xiàng)表述過(guò)于悲觀和絕對(duì)，在原文中也沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)信息。D選項(xiàng)與第一句話的意思相左，原文并沒(méi)有提到web business已經(jīng)進(jìn)入繁榮期，相反它還處于初始階段。
[題目譯文]
我們從文中了解到，網(wǎng)上業(yè)務(wù) 。
[A] 一直在努力開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)
[B] 打算追趕花哨的時(shí)尚
[C] 試圖控制市場(chǎng)卻遭到了失敗
[D] 已經(jīng)繁榮發(fā)展了差不多一年時(shí)間
56. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that__
[A] the technology is popular with many Web users
[B] businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions
[C] there is a radical change in strategy
[D] it is accessible limitedly to established partners
[答案] C
[解題思路]
文章中首先提到"the online technology available for marketing"的地方是第三段的第一句話"Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing"(網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)模式的另一個(gè)重大變化體現(xiàn)在營(yíng)銷策略上)。該句提到的"shift"就是進(jìn)一步描述從pull到push的變化。因此C選項(xiàng)符合原文，其中change 對(duì)應(yīng)于shift。
[題目譯文]
談到現(xiàn)在已可以用于營(yíng)銷的網(wǎng)上技術(shù)，作者暗示 。
[A] 該技術(shù)已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上用戶中廣泛使用
[B] 業(yè)界對(duì)于網(wǎng)上交易可靠性的信心增強(qiáng)
[C] 戰(zhàn)略中發(fā)生了很大的改變
[D] 該技術(shù)只對(duì)數(shù)量有限的已經(jīng)建立關(guān)系的商業(yè)伙伴使用
58. We learn from the last paragraph that __
[A] pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce
[B] interactivity , hospitality and security are important to online customers
[C] leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago
[D] setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題可將選項(xiàng)與原文一一比較。首先，后一段的第一句指出"But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money"(然而，網(wǎng)上公司并不是非得依靠"推銷"策略才能掙錢)，這說(shuō)明pushing information不是好的策略，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)的表述顯然錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)上交易是近幾年才興起的事情。D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于該段第三句話"And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon"(隨著計(jì)算能力的成本持續(xù)大幅度下降，這對(duì)任何建立了網(wǎng)上銷售的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)都是個(gè)好的征兆)，顯然D選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，因?yàn)閏ost of computing 與setting up a shop in silicon是有因果關(guān)系的。而C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于該段第二句"The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers"(像"虛擬葡萄園"和亞馬遜網(wǎng)站及其他開(kāi)拓者的例子都表明：只要網(wǎng)站銷售的產(chǎn)品對(duì)路，同時(shí)又能將交互性、熱情服務(wù)、安全可靠性等幾個(gè)方面合理結(jié)合，就一定會(huì)吸引網(wǎng)上的客戶)，因此是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
我們可以從后一段了解到 。
[A] 把信息推倒網(wǎng)上對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的
[B] 相互影響、熱情和安全性對(duì)于網(wǎng)上用戶來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的
[C] 有影響力的公司在幾十年前就應(yīng)該當(dāng)機(jī)立斷地開(kāi)始往上業(yè)務(wù)
[D] 建立網(wǎng)上商店與計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)品的成本無(wú)關(guān) 1999年P(guān)assage 3
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-indeed, contradiction--which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-ed advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal , can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take--at the very longest-a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
61. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author’ s country the European model of professional training is__
[A] dependent upon the starting age of candidates
[B] worth trying in various social sections
[C] of little practical value
[D] attractive to every kind of professional
[答案] C
[解題思路]
題干中的"in the author’ s country"可以幫助我們把信息定位到原文第三段的后一句話"Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations"( 此外，在我們這么大的一個(gè)國(guó)家里，經(jīng)濟(jì)延展到這么多的州，涉及到這么多的國(guó)際公司，因而要按照數(shù)量培養(yǎng)出所需要的各類專業(yè)人員是不太可能的)，可見(jiàn)C選項(xiàng)符合原文意思。
[題目譯文]
從文章中我們可以推斷作者所在國(guó)家職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的歐洲模式 。
[A] 取決于學(xué)員開(kāi)始接受訓(xùn)練的年齡
[B] 值得在社會(huì)各個(gè)部門進(jìn)行嘗試
[C] 幾乎沒(méi)有實(shí)用價(jià)值
[D] 對(duì)于各種職業(yè)的人來(lái)說(shuō)都非常有吸引力 1999年P(guān)assage 4
When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group--the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning." Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.
NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos ( the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’ s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still "up in the air."
63. We can learn from the first paragraph that__
[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans
[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning
[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique
[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題可采用排除法。A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第二句話"and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning"( 并責(zé)成成立一個(gè)由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈羅德·夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立專家小組，在90天內(nèi)拿出就關(guān)克隆人的國(guó)家政策提出建議，并向白宮匯報(bào))，可見(jiàn)選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，因而是錯(cuò)誤答案。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于同一句話，可見(jiàn)NBAC的作用不在于選項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的"control the misuse of cloning technique"，而是"report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning"。D選項(xiàng)與后一句有出入，因?yàn)镹BAC只是形成了一個(gè)near-final draft，還沒(méi)有正式向白宮提交。B選項(xiàng)從第二句話克林頓政府的種種舉措就可以看出來(lái)政府的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)態(tài)度。
[題目譯文]
我們可以從第一段中了解到 。
[A] 聯(lián)邦基金已經(jīng)被用到了克隆人項(xiàng)目上
[B] 白宮對(duì)于克隆新聞的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈
[C] NBAC被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用
[D] 白宮已經(jīng)得到了專家小組關(guān)于克隆問(wèn)題的建議
66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that__
[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely
[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time
[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal
[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settled
[答案] A
[解題思路]
后一段第二句指出"But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning"(但他們?cè)谑欠襁M(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦立法強(qiáng)令徹底禁止克隆人這一問(wèn)題上存在分歧)，顯然A選項(xiàng)符合其說(shuō)法。B和D選項(xiàng)與文章后"up in the air"意思相反，因?yàn)檫@一問(wèn)題不會(huì)很快得到解決，其中B選項(xiàng)"in no time"是"很快"的意思。C選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，與原文無(wú)關(guān)。
[題目譯文]
可以從后一段推斷出 。
[A] 一些NBAC成員在徹底禁止人類克隆問(wèn)題上躊躇不決
[B] 禁止人類克隆的法律很快就會(huì)通過(guò)
[C] 私人資助的研究人員將會(huì)對(duì)NBAC的呼吁作出積極的反應(yīng)
[D] 人類克隆問(wèn)題很快就會(huì)得到解決
Emerging from the 1980 census is the picture of a nation developing more and more regional competition, as population growth in the Northeast and Midwest reaches a near standstill.
This development - and its strong implications for US politics and economy in years ahead - has enthroned the South as America’s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation’s head counting.
Altogether, the US population rose in the 1970s by 23.2 million people - numerically the third largest growth ever recorded in a single decade. Even so, that gain adds up to only 11.4 percent, lowest in American annual records except for the Depression years.
Americans have been migrating south and west in larger number since World War II, and the pattern still prevails.
Three sun belt states - Florida, Texas and California - together had nearly 10 million more people in 1980 than a decade earlier. Among large cities, San Diego moved from 14th to 8th and San Antonio from 15th to 10th - with Cleveland and Washington.DC, dropping out of the top 10.
Not all that shift can be attributed to the movement out of the snow belt, census officials say, Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role, too - and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday’s "baby boom" generation reached its child bearing years.
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances-
● Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate - 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
●Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except fro Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West. There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.
In that decade, however, large numbers also migrated from California, mostly to other parts of the West. Often they chose - and still are choosing - somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog, crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
As a result, California’s growth rate dropped during the 1970s, to 18.5 percent - little more than two thirds the 1960s’ growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
65. We can see from the available statistics that _____ .
[A] California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US
[B] the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West
[C] cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration
[D] Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
[答案] D
[解題思路]
本文多次提到加利福尼亞州，但是并沒(méi)有說(shuō)其是全美人口少的州，因此可以首先排除A選項(xiàng)。文章倒數(shù)第五段中談到"Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile"(除了佛羅里達(dá)州和得克薩斯州外，處于人口增長(zhǎng)率前10位的都是西部各州，共有750萬(wàn)人--每平方英里約9個(gè)人)，可見(jiàn)B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)的表述則過(guò)于絕對(duì)，在文章中并沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)的信息。而文章倒數(shù)第五段也談到"Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively"(內(nèi)華達(dá)和亞利桑那是增長(zhǎng)率高的兩個(gè)州：其增長(zhǎng)率分別為63.5%和53.1%)，D選項(xiàng)正好符合這句話的細(xì)節(jié)。
[題目譯文]
我們可以從已得到的數(shù)據(jù)中判斷 。
[A] 加利福尼亞以前曾經(jīng)是全美國(guó)人口少的地區(qū)
[B] 人口增長(zhǎng)排前10名的州都在西部
[C] 氣候條件更好的州都從接納移民中獲益
[D] 亞利桑那州的人口增長(zhǎng)率在所有的州中排名第二 1999年P(guān)assage 2
In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market. More recently, as the Web proved to be more than a fashion, companies have started to buy and sell products and services with one another. Such business-to-business sales make sense because businesspeople typically know what product they’re looking for.
Nonetheless, many companies still hesitate to use the Web because of doubts about its reliability. "Businesses need to feel they can trust the pathway between them and the supplier," says senior analyst Blane Erwin of Forrester Research. Some companies are limiting the risk by conducting online transactions only with established business partners who are given access to the company’ s private internet .
Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing. Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers. Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers’ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company’s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That’s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers. And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon. People looking back 5 or 10 years from now may well wonder why so few companies took the online plunge.
55. We learn from the beginning of the passage that Web business__
[A] has been striving to expand its market
[B] intended to follow a fanciful fashion
[C] tried but in vain to control the market
[D] has been booming for one year or so
[答案] A
[解題思路]
本題的對(duì)應(yīng)信息為文章第一段，實(shí)際上其對(duì)應(yīng)信息正是開(kāi)篇第一句話"In the first year or so of Web business, most of the action has revolved around efforts to tap the consumer market"(在網(wǎng)上交易剛開(kāi)始的一兩年中，大部分業(yè)務(wù)活動(dòng)都是圍繞著努力開(kāi)發(fā)消費(fèi)者市場(chǎng)來(lái)進(jìn)行的)，可見(jiàn)只有A選項(xiàng)符合答案。B選項(xiàng)的錯(cuò)誤在于第二句也提到網(wǎng)絡(luò)是"more than a fashion"(不僅僅是一種時(shí)尚)，因此B選項(xiàng)并不符合原文。C選項(xiàng)表述過(guò)于悲觀和絕對(duì)，在原文中也沒(méi)有對(duì)應(yīng)信息。D選項(xiàng)與第一句話的意思相左，原文并沒(méi)有提到web business已經(jīng)進(jìn)入繁榮期，相反它還處于初始階段。
[題目譯文]
我們從文中了解到，網(wǎng)上業(yè)務(wù) 。
[A] 一直在努力開(kāi)拓市場(chǎng)
[B] 打算追趕花哨的時(shí)尚
[C] 試圖控制市場(chǎng)卻遭到了失敗
[D] 已經(jīng)繁榮發(fā)展了差不多一年時(shí)間
56. Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that__
[A] the technology is popular with many Web users
[B] businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions
[C] there is a radical change in strategy
[D] it is accessible limitedly to established partners
[答案] C
[解題思路]
文章中首先提到"the online technology available for marketing"的地方是第三段的第一句話"Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing"(網(wǎng)絡(luò)商業(yè)模式的另一個(gè)重大變化體現(xiàn)在營(yíng)銷策略上)。該句提到的"shift"就是進(jìn)一步描述從pull到push的變化。因此C選項(xiàng)符合原文，其中change 對(duì)應(yīng)于shift。
[題目譯文]
談到現(xiàn)在已可以用于營(yíng)銷的網(wǎng)上技術(shù)，作者暗示 。
[A] 該技術(shù)已經(jīng)在網(wǎng)上用戶中廣泛使用
[B] 業(yè)界對(duì)于網(wǎng)上交易可靠性的信心增強(qiáng)
[C] 戰(zhàn)略中發(fā)生了很大的改變
[D] 該技術(shù)只對(duì)數(shù)量有限的已經(jīng)建立關(guān)系的商業(yè)伙伴使用
58. We learn from the last paragraph that __
[A] pushing information on the Web is essential to Internet commerce
[B] interactivity , hospitality and security are important to online customers
[C] leading companies began to take the online plunge decades ago
[D] setting up shops in silicon is independent of the cost of computing power
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題可將選項(xiàng)與原文一一比較。首先，后一段的第一句指出"But it is hardly inevitable that companies on the Web will need to resort to push strategies to make money"(然而，網(wǎng)上公司并不是非得依靠"推銷"策略才能掙錢)，這說(shuō)明pushing information不是好的策略，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)的表述顯然錯(cuò)誤，因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)上交易是近幾年才興起的事情。D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于該段第三句話"And the cost of computing power continues to free fall, which is a good sign for any enterprise setting up shop in silicon"(隨著計(jì)算能力的成本持續(xù)大幅度下降，這對(duì)任何建立了網(wǎng)上銷售的企業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)都是個(gè)好的征兆)，顯然D選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，因?yàn)閏ost of computing 與setting up a shop in silicon是有因果關(guān)系的。而C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于該段第二句"The examples of Virtual Vineyards, Amazon.com, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers"(像"虛擬葡萄園"和亞馬遜網(wǎng)站及其他開(kāi)拓者的例子都表明：只要網(wǎng)站銷售的產(chǎn)品對(duì)路，同時(shí)又能將交互性、熱情服務(wù)、安全可靠性等幾個(gè)方面合理結(jié)合，就一定會(huì)吸引網(wǎng)上的客戶)，因此是正確選項(xiàng)。
[題目譯文]
我們可以從后一段了解到 。
[A] 把信息推倒網(wǎng)上對(duì)于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)商業(yè)來(lái)說(shuō)是必不可少的
[B] 相互影響、熱情和安全性對(duì)于網(wǎng)上用戶來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的
[C] 有影響力的公司在幾十年前就應(yīng)該當(dāng)機(jī)立斷地開(kāi)始往上業(yè)務(wù)
[D] 建立網(wǎng)上商店與計(jì)算機(jī)產(chǎn)品的成本無(wú)關(guān) 1999年P(guān)assage 3
An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’ career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction-indeed, contradiction--which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-ed advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal , can be the difference between having a job and not. Of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take--at the very longest-a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
61. It could be inferred from the passage that in the author’ s country the European model of professional training is__
[A] dependent upon the starting age of candidates
[B] worth trying in various social sections
[C] of little practical value
[D] attractive to every kind of professional
[答案] C
[解題思路]
題干中的"in the author’ s country"可以幫助我們把信息定位到原文第三段的后一句話"Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations"( 此外，在我們這么大的一個(gè)國(guó)家里，經(jīng)濟(jì)延展到這么多的州，涉及到這么多的國(guó)際公司，因而要按照數(shù)量培養(yǎng)出所需要的各類專業(yè)人員是不太可能的)，可見(jiàn)C選項(xiàng)符合原文意思。
[題目譯文]
從文章中我們可以推斷作者所在國(guó)家職業(yè)培訓(xùn)的歐洲模式 。
[A] 取決于學(xué)員開(kāi)始接受訓(xùn)練的年齡
[B] 值得在社會(huì)各個(gè)部門進(jìn)行嘗試
[C] 幾乎沒(méi)有實(shí)用價(jià)值
[D] 對(duì)于各種職業(yè)的人來(lái)說(shuō)都非常有吸引力 1999年P(guān)assage 4
When a Scottish research team startled the world by revealing 3 months ago that it had cloned an adult sheep, President Clinton moved swiftly. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. That group--the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC)-has been working feverishly to put its wisdom on paper, and at a meeting on 17 May, members agreed on a near-final draft of their recommendations.
NBAC will ask that Clinton’s 90-day ban on federal funds for human cloning be extended indefinitely and possibly that it be made law. But NBAC members are planning to word the recommendation narrowly to avoid new restrictions on research that involves the cloning of human DNA or cells-routine in molecular biology. The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question, however, whether to recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human cloning.
In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning." Shapiro explained during the meeting that the moral doubt stems mainly from fears about the risk to the health of the child. The panel then informally accepted several general conclusions, although some details have not been settled.
NBAC plans to call for a continued ban on federal government funding for any attempt to clone body cell nuclei to create a child. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos ( the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo’ s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning. Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still "up in the air."
63. We can learn from the first paragraph that__
[A] federal funds have been used in a project to clone humans
[B] the White House responded strongly to the news of cloning
[C] NBAC was authorized to control the misuse of cloning technique
[D] the White House has got the panel’s recommendations on cloning
[答案] B
[解題思路]
本題可采用排除法。A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于文章第二句話"and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning"( 并責(zé)成成立一個(gè)由普林斯頓大學(xué)校長(zhǎng)哈羅德·夏皮羅為首的獨(dú)立專家小組，在90天內(nèi)拿出就關(guān)克隆人的國(guó)家政策提出建議，并向白宮匯報(bào))，可見(jiàn)選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，因而是錯(cuò)誤答案。C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)于同一句話，可見(jiàn)NBAC的作用不在于選項(xiàng)所說(shuō)的"control the misuse of cloning technique"，而是"report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning"。D選項(xiàng)與后一句有出入，因?yàn)镹BAC只是形成了一個(gè)near-final draft，還沒(méi)有正式向白宮提交。B選項(xiàng)從第二句話克林頓政府的種種舉措就可以看出來(lái)政府的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)態(tài)度。
[題目譯文]
我們可以從第一段中了解到 。
[A] 聯(lián)邦基金已經(jīng)被用到了克隆人項(xiàng)目上
[B] 白宮對(duì)于克隆新聞的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈
[C] NBAC被授權(quán)控制克隆技術(shù)的濫用
[D] 白宮已經(jīng)得到了專家小組關(guān)于克隆問(wèn)題的建議
66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that__
[A] some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely
[B] a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time
[C] privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC’s appeal
[D] the issue of human cloning will soon be settled
[答案] A
[解題思路]
后一段第二句指出"But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning"(但他們?cè)谑欠襁M(jìn)一步要求聯(lián)邦立法強(qiáng)令徹底禁止克隆人這一問(wèn)題上存在分歧)，顯然A選項(xiàng)符合其說(shuō)法。B和D選項(xiàng)與文章后"up in the air"意思相反，因?yàn)檫@一問(wèn)題不會(huì)很快得到解決，其中B選項(xiàng)"in no time"是"很快"的意思。C選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有，與原文無(wú)關(guān)。
[題目譯文]
可以從后一段推斷出 。
[A] 一些NBAC成員在徹底禁止人類克隆問(wèn)題上躊躇不決
[B] 禁止人類克隆的法律很快就會(huì)通過(guò)
[C] 私人資助的研究人員將會(huì)對(duì)NBAC的呼吁作出積極的反應(yīng)
[D] 人類克隆問(wèn)題很快就會(huì)得到解決