(一)形容詞與副詞的互相轉(zhuǎn)譯
1. 英語名詞譯成漢語動詞時,修飾該名詞的形容詞往往轉(zhuǎn)譯成漢語副詞。如:
1) Occasionally a drizzle came down, and the intermittent flashes of lightening made us turn apprehensive glances toward Zero.
偶爾下一點(diǎn)毛毛雨,斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的閃電使得我們不時憂慮地朝著零區(qū)方向望去。
2) It was a clear and unemotional exposition of the President's reasons for willing to begin a Chinese-American dialogue.
這篇發(fā)言清楚明白、心平氣和地說明了總統(tǒng)希望開始中美對話的原因。
2. 英語動詞譯成漢語名詞時,修飾該動詞的副詞往往轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。如:
1) He routinely radioed another agent on the ground.
他跟另一個地勤人員進(jìn)行了例行的無線電聯(lián)絡(luò)。
2) The President had prepared meticulously for his journey.
總統(tǒng)為這次出訪作了十分周密的準(zhǔn)備。
3. 由于英漢兩種語言表達(dá)方式不同,還有一些英語形容詞可譯為漢語副詞。如:
1) This is sheer nonsense. (這完全是胡說。)
2) Buckley was in a clear minority. (巴克利顯然屬于少數(shù)。)
3) By dialing the right number, you may be able to select a play, golf lesson or lecture in physics, from a pretaped library in a remote city, for showing on your home screen.
只要撥對了號碼,你就可以在家里電視機(jī)上選看到有遠(yuǎn)方城市一座圖書館發(fā)出的預(yù)先錄制的一出戲、一堂打高爾夫球的講課,或者物理學(xué)演講。
(二)名詞與副詞的互相轉(zhuǎn)譯
1. 名詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成副詞
1) When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist, his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor.
只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對他的人,他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭取過來。
2) The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市長有禮貌地前來訪問城市貧民,獲得了他們的一些好感。
2. 副詞轉(zhuǎn)譯成名詞
1) They have not done so well ideologically, however, as organizationally.
但是,他們的思想工作沒有他們的組織工作做得好。
2) He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身體雖弱,但思想健康。
(一)形容詞派生的名詞往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。
1. The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment.
她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的情緒。
2. The security and warmth of the destroyer's sick bay were wonderful.
驅(qū)逐艦的病室很安全也很溫暖,好極了。
3. He talked for some time with Bundy, and his questions reflected the enormity of his doubts.
他同邦迪談了一會,他提出的問題反映出他有很大的懷疑。
(二)有些名詞加不定冠詞作表語時,往往可以轉(zhuǎn)譯成形容詞。如:
1) The blockade was a success.
封鎖很成功。
2) As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help.
他對這城市完全陌生,所以我希望你能給他必要的幫助。
3) Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
獨(dú)立思考對學(xué)習(xí)是絕對必需的。