專題 -句子的種類（I）
英語中的句子按其用途可分為四種：陳述句，疑問句，祈使句和感嘆句。
一. 陳述句
陳述事實或觀點的句子叫做陳述句。陳述句包括肯定結(jié)構(gòu)與否定結(jié)構(gòu)，句末用句號，一般用降調(diào)讀。
1. 肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：
I have a good brother.
我有一個好弟弟。
They got up at six this morning.
他們今天早晨六點起床。
He is good at English.
他擅長英語。
My mother works in a factory.
我媽媽在工廠工作。
2. 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：須將not放在be, have和助動詞之后，如：
He is not here yet.
他還沒有到。
We usually do not stay late.
我們一般不熬夜。
I do not like maths.
我不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。
在非正式文體中，否定式常用縮略式。通常有兩種縮略形式：
They’ll not （won’t）come tomorrow.
他們明天不來。
He’s not（isn’t）here yet.
I don’t（do not）like maths.
They did not （didn’t）come here late.
*否定式也可以用no, never, none, nothing等來表示，例：
I have no money with me.
我沒帶錢。
He has never been to Beijing.
他從沒去過北京。
There is nothing but a chair in the room.
除了一個椅子，房間里什么也沒有。
None of us has（have）been abroad.
我們都沒出過國。
二. 疑問句
用來提問的句子叫做疑問句，疑問句句末須用問號，疑問句有一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、附加疑問句（反意疑問句）等。
1. 一般疑問句
需要用yes或no來回答的疑問句，叫做一般疑問句。這種疑問句多用升調(diào)讀。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
be, have或助動詞＋主語＋謂語…？常用簡略答語。如：
Are you free tomorrow? 明天你有空嗎？
Yes, I am. 是的，我有空。
No, I am not. 不，我沒空。
Does she like watching TV?
她喜歡看電視嗎？
Yes, she does.
是的，她喜歡。
No, she does not.
不，她不喜歡。
Have you looked the door?
你鎖門了嗎？
Yes, I have.
是的，鎖了。
No, I haven’t.
不，沒鎖。
一般疑問句有否定結(jié)構(gòu)，not一般放于主語后，但口語中常用縮略式放于主語前，一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)往往用來表示提問人的驚訝、懷疑、邀請等。例：
Do you not （或Don’t you）believe me?
你不相信我？（表驚訝）
Are you not （Aren’t you）coming?
你不來嗎？（懷疑）
Is it not （或Isn’t it）yours?
不是你的嗎？
回答一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)注意yes后接肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，no后接否定結(jié)構(gòu)，和漢語不同。例：
Haven’t you read this book before?
你以前沒有讀過這本書嗎？
Yes, I have. 不，我讀過。
No, I haven’t.
是的，我沒有。
Aren’t you a student?
你不是學(xué)生嗎？
Yes, I am. （不，我是）
No, I am not.
（是的，我不是）
表示請求的一般疑問句可以用certainly, of course, sure 等回答。例如：
－Can you help me?
你能幫我嗎？
－Certainly. 當(dāng)然。
另外，never, all right等也可以用來回答。例如：
－Have you been there?
你到過那里嗎？
－Never. 從來沒有。
－Could you please make less noise?
你可以小聲點嗎？
－All right. 好的。
2. 特殊疑問句
用來對句子中某一特殊部分提問的疑問句，叫做特殊疑問句。多用降調(diào)讀，一般以疑問代詞如who, what, whom, whose, which及疑問副詞how, when, why, where, how long, how many, how much等開頭。特殊疑問句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
a）疑問詞＋一般疑問句？例：
What is your name?
你叫什么名字？
How old are you?
你多大？
Where did he work last year?
他去年在哪工作？
Which room does he live in?
他住哪個房間？
Who do you want to see?
你想見誰？
b）當(dāng)疑問詞作主語時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為陳述句的語序。例：
Who taught you Chinese last year?
去年誰教你語文？
Which is bigger, this one or that one?
哪一個大，這個還是那個？
What makes you so happy?
什么使你如此高興？
How many students want to go there?
多少學(xué)生想去那？
注：why開頭的否定疑問句常表示建議或請求。例：
Why don’t you take the train?
你為什么不坐火車？
Why don’t you try again?
為什么不再試試？
3. 選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句提供兩種（或兩種以上）情況，問對方選擇哪一種，其結(jié)構(gòu)可用一般疑問句也可以用特殊疑問句，兩種情況之間用or（連詞）連接，讀時前升后降。例：
Shall we go by bus or train?
我們乘公車還是火車？
Do you like English or Chinese?
你喜歡英語還是語文？
Is this book yours or your brother’s?
這本書是你的還是你弟弟的？
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?
哪一個大，太陽還是地球？
Which would you like, tea or milk?
茶和牛奶你要哪種？
4. 附加疑問句（反意疑問句）
附加疑問句附在陳述句之后，對陳述句所說的觀點提出疑問，這種疑問句通常由be, have或助動詞加主語，前有逗號，后有問號，句末常用升調(diào)。
如果陳述部分是肯定形式，后面用否定結(jié)構(gòu)；
如果前面是否定形式，后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。例：
He likes watching TV, doesn’t he?
He doesn’t like watching TV, does he?
She told you, didn’t she?
You can’t swim, can you?
注：（1）附加疑問句。疑問部分如果是否定形式，常用縮略式。要和前面的時態(tài)、人稱一致，且后面的主語常用代詞。例：
Tom was late today, wasn’t he?
Li Lei runs fast, doesn’t he?
（2）陳述部分常帶有一些否定詞時，后面的疑問部分用肯定形式，常見的否定詞：never, no, nothing, seldom, hardly, little, few等。例：
He never comes late, does he?
There is little water in the cup, is there?
Nothing is wrong with my watch, is it?
（3）只是為加強(qiáng)語氣使用附加疑問句則不用升調(diào)讀，不需要對方回答。
It’s a good film, isn’t it?
這是一部好電影，是不是？
（4）如果前肯后否的形式，其答語同一般疑問句。例：
He wants some help, doesn’t he?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
He is a worker, isn’t he?
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
如果前否后肯形式，其答語要根據(jù)事實回答，如果事實是肯定的，用yes（不）；事實是否定的，用No（是的）。例：
He hasn’t been to the Great Wall, has he?
Yes, he has. He went there last year.
Tom didn’t buy the book, did he?
No, he didn’t. He didn’t have enough money.
【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）
一. 句式轉(zhuǎn)換：
1. He has been to the Great Wall. （否定句）
2. He has lunch at home. （一般疑問句）
3. Tom’s mother never gets up late. （反意疑問句）
4. I like apples （oranges）.（變選擇疑問句）
5. There is something wrong with the boy. （否定句）
6. I am reading English. （一般疑問句并作出兩種回答）
7. Jim was late for class. （否定句）
8. The boy wants to go home now. （對劃線部分提問）
9. There will be a game next Friday. （反意疑問句）
10. It’s 3 kilometres from the station to my school. （對劃線部分提問）
二. 選擇
（ ）1. － ？
－I’ve got a headache.
A. What’s your trouble
B. What’s wrong with it
C. Can I help you
D. How are you
（ ）2. _____ the population of China?
A. How many B. How much C. How’s D. What’s
（ ）3. －____ I have a look at your stamps?
－Certainly. Here you are.
A. Do B. May C. Must D. Need
（ ）4. －_____ tea did you have?
－Two cups.
A. How many B. How much C. What D. Which
（ ）5. “____ shall we meet in the park?”
“What about half past eight?”
A. What B. When C. Where D. Which
（ ）6. He went there with her brother, _____ he?
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. didn’t D. doesn’t
（ ）7. _____ I open the door for you?
A. Shall B. Will C. May
（ ）8. －_____ room is this?
－It’s a friend of mine.
A. What B. Who C. Who’s D. Whose
（ ）9. He often goes to the cinema on Sundays, ______?
A. is he B. does he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
（ ）10. －_____ basket has the most apples, the first, the second or the third?
－The third one.
A. Which B. Whose C. Who
（ ）11. He has never been to Beijing, ______?
A. has he B. hasn’t he C. did he
（ ）12. You are new here, _____ you?
A. aren’t B. are C. do D. don’t
（ ）13. －_____ is this dictionary?
－10 yuan.
A. How much B. How C. Whose D. Which
（ ）14. He’s already a little week in Chinese, _____ he?
A. isn’t B. hasn’t C. has D. is
（ ）15. I hear LiLi lives far from the school. She has lunch at school, _______?
A. is she B. isn’t she C. hasn’t she D. doesn’t she
（ ）16. －____ is it from your school to the bus stop?
－About 100 metres.
A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How much
（ ）17. －_____ a year does your school have sports meetings?
－Twice a year.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times
（ ）18. There isn’t any water in the bottle, ______?
A. is it B. is there C. isn’t it D. isn’t there
（ ）19. －_____ is the population of Ningxia?
－More than five million.
A. How many B. What C. How D. Which
（ ）20. He’s worked there since the shop opened in 1998, ______?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. doesn’t he D. wasn’t he
（ ）21. Uncle Wang lives in the centre of Changping, ____ he?
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t
（ ）22. You were in Shanghai last week, ______ you?
A. were B. weren’t C. did D. didn’t
（ ）23. －_____ do you prefer, dumplings or noodles?
－Neither. I like rice.
A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where
（ ）24. ____ does it take you to get to your school?
A. How far B. How often C. How much D. How long
（ ）25. The old man can hardly see anything, _____ he?
A. doesn’t B. does C. can’t D. can
（ ）26. Martin is good at fishing, ________?
A. is he B. does he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
（ ）27. －_____ I have your name, please?
－Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L.
A. Must B. Will C. May D. Need
（ ）28. －_____?
－The one behind the tree.
A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl
C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl
【試題答案】
一.
1. He has not （hasn’t）been to the Great Wall.
2. Does he have lunch at home?
3. Tom’s mother never gets up late, does he?
4. Do you like apples or oranges?
5. There is nothing wrong with the boy.
There isn’t anything wrong with the boy.
6. Are you reading English?
Yes, I am. （No, I am not.）
7. Jim was not （wasn’t）late for class.
8. What does the boy want to do?
9. There will be a game next Friday, won’t there?
10. How far is it from the station to your home?
二. 1－10 ADBBBCADDA 11－20 AAAADBDBBB
21－28 ABCDDCCC
英語中的句子按其用途可分為四種：陳述句，疑問句，祈使句和感嘆句。
一. 陳述句
陳述事實或觀點的句子叫做陳述句。陳述句包括肯定結(jié)構(gòu)與否定結(jié)構(gòu)，句末用句號，一般用降調(diào)讀。
1. 肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：
I have a good brother.
我有一個好弟弟。
They got up at six this morning.
他們今天早晨六點起床。
He is good at English.
他擅長英語。
My mother works in a factory.
我媽媽在工廠工作。
2. 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：須將not放在be, have和助動詞之后，如：
He is not here yet.
他還沒有到。
We usually do not stay late.
我們一般不熬夜。
I do not like maths.
我不喜歡數(shù)學(xué)。
在非正式文體中，否定式常用縮略式。通常有兩種縮略形式：
They’ll not （won’t）come tomorrow.
他們明天不來。
He’s not（isn’t）here yet.
I don’t（do not）like maths.
They did not （didn’t）come here late.
*否定式也可以用no, never, none, nothing等來表示，例：
I have no money with me.
我沒帶錢。
He has never been to Beijing.
他從沒去過北京。
There is nothing but a chair in the room.
除了一個椅子，房間里什么也沒有。
None of us has（have）been abroad.
我們都沒出過國。
二. 疑問句
用來提問的句子叫做疑問句，疑問句句末須用問號，疑問句有一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句、附加疑問句（反意疑問句）等。
1. 一般疑問句
需要用yes或no來回答的疑問句，叫做一般疑問句。這種疑問句多用升調(diào)讀。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：
be, have或助動詞＋主語＋謂語…？常用簡略答語。如：
Are you free tomorrow? 明天你有空嗎？
Yes, I am. 是的，我有空。
No, I am not. 不，我沒空。
Does she like watching TV?
她喜歡看電視嗎？
Yes, she does.
是的，她喜歡。
No, she does not.
不，她不喜歡。
Have you looked the door?
你鎖門了嗎？
Yes, I have.
是的，鎖了。
No, I haven’t.
不，沒鎖。
一般疑問句有否定結(jié)構(gòu)，not一般放于主語后，但口語中常用縮略式放于主語前，一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)往往用來表示提問人的驚訝、懷疑、邀請等。例：
Do you not （或Don’t you）believe me?
你不相信我？（表驚訝）
Are you not （Aren’t you）coming?
你不來嗎？（懷疑）
Is it not （或Isn’t it）yours?
不是你的嗎？
回答一般疑問句的否定結(jié)構(gòu)，應(yīng)注意yes后接肯定結(jié)構(gòu)，no后接否定結(jié)構(gòu)，和漢語不同。例：
Haven’t you read this book before?
你以前沒有讀過這本書嗎？
Yes, I have. 不，我讀過。
No, I haven’t.
是的，我沒有。
Aren’t you a student?
你不是學(xué)生嗎？
Yes, I am. （不，我是）
No, I am not.
（是的，我不是）
表示請求的一般疑問句可以用certainly, of course, sure 等回答。例如：
－Can you help me?
你能幫我嗎？
－Certainly. 當(dāng)然。
另外，never, all right等也可以用來回答。例如：
－Have you been there?
你到過那里嗎？
－Never. 從來沒有。
－Could you please make less noise?
你可以小聲點嗎？
－All right. 好的。
2. 特殊疑問句
用來對句子中某一特殊部分提問的疑問句，叫做特殊疑問句。多用降調(diào)讀，一般以疑問代詞如who, what, whom, whose, which及疑問副詞how, when, why, where, how long, how many, how much等開頭。特殊疑問句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：
a）疑問詞＋一般疑問句？例：
What is your name?
你叫什么名字？
How old are you?
你多大？
Where did he work last year?
他去年在哪工作？
Which room does he live in?
他住哪個房間？
Who do you want to see?
你想見誰？
b）當(dāng)疑問詞作主語時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為陳述句的語序。例：
Who taught you Chinese last year?
去年誰教你語文？
Which is bigger, this one or that one?
哪一個大，這個還是那個？
What makes you so happy?
什么使你如此高興？
How many students want to go there?
多少學(xué)生想去那？
注：why開頭的否定疑問句常表示建議或請求。例：
Why don’t you take the train?
你為什么不坐火車？
Why don’t you try again?
為什么不再試試？
3. 選擇疑問句
選擇疑問句提供兩種（或兩種以上）情況，問對方選擇哪一種，其結(jié)構(gòu)可用一般疑問句也可以用特殊疑問句，兩種情況之間用or（連詞）連接，讀時前升后降。例：
Shall we go by bus or train?
我們乘公車還是火車？
Do you like English or Chinese?
你喜歡英語還是語文？
Is this book yours or your brother’s?
這本書是你的還是你弟弟的？
Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?
哪一個大，太陽還是地球？
Which would you like, tea or milk?
茶和牛奶你要哪種？
4. 附加疑問句（反意疑問句）
附加疑問句附在陳述句之后，對陳述句所說的觀點提出疑問，這種疑問句通常由be, have或助動詞加主語，前有逗號，后有問號，句末常用升調(diào)。
如果陳述部分是肯定形式，后面用否定結(jié)構(gòu)；
如果前面是否定形式，后面用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。例：
He likes watching TV, doesn’t he?
He doesn’t like watching TV, does he?
She told you, didn’t she?
You can’t swim, can you?
注：（1）附加疑問句。疑問部分如果是否定形式，常用縮略式。要和前面的時態(tài)、人稱一致，且后面的主語常用代詞。例：
Tom was late today, wasn’t he?
Li Lei runs fast, doesn’t he?
（2）陳述部分常帶有一些否定詞時，后面的疑問部分用肯定形式，常見的否定詞：never, no, nothing, seldom, hardly, little, few等。例：
He never comes late, does he?
There is little water in the cup, is there?
Nothing is wrong with my watch, is it?
（3）只是為加強(qiáng)語氣使用附加疑問句則不用升調(diào)讀，不需要對方回答。
It’s a good film, isn’t it?
這是一部好電影，是不是？
（4）如果前肯后否的形式，其答語同一般疑問句。例：
He wants some help, doesn’t he?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
He is a worker, isn’t he?
Yes, he is. No, he isn’t.
如果前否后肯形式，其答語要根據(jù)事實回答，如果事實是肯定的，用yes（不）；事實是否定的，用No（是的）。例：
He hasn’t been to the Great Wall, has he?
Yes, he has. He went there last year.
Tom didn’t buy the book, did he?
No, he didn’t. He didn’t have enough money.
【模擬試題】（答題時間：40分鐘）
一. 句式轉(zhuǎn)換：
1. He has been to the Great Wall. （否定句）
2. He has lunch at home. （一般疑問句）
3. Tom’s mother never gets up late. （反意疑問句）
4. I like apples （oranges）.（變選擇疑問句）
5. There is something wrong with the boy. （否定句）
6. I am reading English. （一般疑問句并作出兩種回答）
7. Jim was late for class. （否定句）
8. The boy wants to go home now. （對劃線部分提問）
9. There will be a game next Friday. （反意疑問句）
10. It’s 3 kilometres from the station to my school. （對劃線部分提問）
二. 選擇
（ ）1. － ？
－I’ve got a headache.
A. What’s your trouble
B. What’s wrong with it
C. Can I help you
D. How are you
（ ）2. _____ the population of China?
A. How many B. How much C. How’s D. What’s
（ ）3. －____ I have a look at your stamps?
－Certainly. Here you are.
A. Do B. May C. Must D. Need
（ ）4. －_____ tea did you have?
－Two cups.
A. How many B. How much C. What D. Which
（ ）5. “____ shall we meet in the park?”
“What about half past eight?”
A. What B. When C. Where D. Which
（ ）6. He went there with her brother, _____ he?
A. isn’t B. aren’t C. didn’t D. doesn’t
（ ）7. _____ I open the door for you?
A. Shall B. Will C. May
（ ）8. －_____ room is this?
－It’s a friend of mine.
A. What B. Who C. Who’s D. Whose
（ ）9. He often goes to the cinema on Sundays, ______?
A. is he B. does he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
（ ）10. －_____ basket has the most apples, the first, the second or the third?
－The third one.
A. Which B. Whose C. Who
（ ）11. He has never been to Beijing, ______?
A. has he B. hasn’t he C. did he
（ ）12. You are new here, _____ you?
A. aren’t B. are C. do D. don’t
（ ）13. －_____ is this dictionary?
－10 yuan.
A. How much B. How C. Whose D. Which
（ ）14. He’s already a little week in Chinese, _____ he?
A. isn’t B. hasn’t C. has D. is
（ ）15. I hear LiLi lives far from the school. She has lunch at school, _______?
A. is she B. isn’t she C. hasn’t she D. doesn’t she
（ ）16. －____ is it from your school to the bus stop?
－About 100 metres.
A. How long B. How far C. How soon D. How much
（ ）17. －_____ a year does your school have sports meetings?
－Twice a year.
A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times
（ ）18. There isn’t any water in the bottle, ______?
A. is it B. is there C. isn’t it D. isn’t there
（ ）19. －_____ is the population of Ningxia?
－More than five million.
A. How many B. What C. How D. Which
（ ）20. He’s worked there since the shop opened in 1998, ______?
A. isn’t he B. hasn’t he C. doesn’t he D. wasn’t he
（ ）21. Uncle Wang lives in the centre of Changping, ____ he?
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. didn’t D. won’t
（ ）22. You were in Shanghai last week, ______ you?
A. were B. weren’t C. did D. didn’t
（ ）23. －_____ do you prefer, dumplings or noodles?
－Neither. I like rice.
A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where
（ ）24. ____ does it take you to get to your school?
A. How far B. How often C. How much D. How long
（ ）25. The old man can hardly see anything, _____ he?
A. doesn’t B. does C. can’t D. can
（ ）26. Martin is good at fishing, ________?
A. is he B. does he C. isn’t he D. doesn’t he
（ ）27. －_____ I have your name, please?
－Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L.
A. Must B. Will C. May D. Need
（ ）28. －_____?
－The one behind the tree.
A. Whose girl B. Who’s that girl
C. Which girl D. Where’s the girl
【試題答案】
一.
1. He has not （hasn’t）been to the Great Wall.
2. Does he have lunch at home?
3. Tom’s mother never gets up late, does he?
4. Do you like apples or oranges?
5. There is nothing wrong with the boy.
There isn’t anything wrong with the boy.
6. Are you reading English?
Yes, I am. （No, I am not.）
7. Jim was not （wasn’t）late for class.
8. What does the boy want to do?
9. There will be a game next Friday, won’t there?
10. How far is it from the station to your home?
二. 1－10 ADBBBCADDA 11－20 AAAADBDBBB
21－28 ABCDDCCC