一. 教學(xué)內(nèi)容：
書面表達講解與訓(xùn)練
開放性寫作（北京卷）
開放性寫作是北京卷近兩年增加的第二篇作文，英文為open-ending composition。它所給提示比較簡單，要求學(xué)生根據(jù)提供的情景，寫一段接續(xù)文字。這篇作文要求學(xué)生充分發(fā)揮想象力和創(chuàng)造力，自己拓展主題，組織篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，既能體現(xiàn)出學(xué)生活躍的思維，又能表現(xiàn)出他們的邏輯思維能力和靈活運用英語的能力。它要求學(xué)生必須在短時間內(nèi)寫出一篇內(nèi)容充實新穎、思想健康、符合邏輯、交際得體的，字數(shù)不少于50個字的作文。
寫作注意要點：
1. 審題要準(zhǔn)，定位要清。
即：審語境、審人稱、審時態(tài)。注意寫作對象和語言風(fēng)格，要有讀者的意識，看文章是以第幾人稱出現(xiàn)；說話的對象是誰；看清題目要求。
2. 邏輯清晰，合情合理。
要做到思想健康，積極向上。要力求內(nèi)容新穎，必須符合邏輯。
要把理由說充分，是在現(xiàn)實生活中可能會發(fā)生的事情。內(nèi)容要新穎、健康、樂觀向上，（所表述的內(nèi)容、觀點是主動、積極向上的），我們在寫作時要注意的是求新并不等于求怪，并不是說越希奇古怪、越離譜越好。內(nèi)容新穎并非是別人完全沒提過的、全新的想法，而是別人在相同的情景之下講得比較少的，又不違背邏輯的想法。 新穎的思路能夠充分表現(xiàn)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力。
3. 內(nèi)容充實，詳略得當(dāng)。
要有主次之分，詳略得當(dāng)。要進行細致描寫，有細節(jié)的支撐。
考查的目的---能否正確使用英語達到交際的目的。（語言要口語化）把事情說具體，缺少細致的描寫，就像建房只搭架子不用磚一樣，顯得空洞無味。英語寫作有一條座右銘，那就是 “show more than tell”，意思是細節(jié)表達一定要多于抽象陳述，也就是寫作要細節(jié)化或舉例說明。我們盡量用看得見、摸得著的東西來具體表達思想。才能使文章充實、有趣，符合開放作文的要求。
4. 內(nèi)容完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。
要緊扣主題，符合要求，首尾呼應(yīng)
有頭有尾；展現(xiàn)給讀者一個完整的畫面。
【典型例題】
［開放性寫作分類與解析：］
1. 邏輯性思維 (logical thinking ) 給出結(jié)果猜測可能性（cause and effect）
根據(jù)下面提供的情景，寫一段接續(xù)文字。
注意：詞數(shù)不少于30。
You and your friend are in your room. He finds one of the windows is broken and says, “Your window is broken. What happened?”
You tell him what happened.
Possible version:
I guess it was all my fault. My mother was doing some reading by the window yesterday, and she asked me to get a book from the bookshelf for her. It was a hardcover and a little thick. I got the book and decided to throw it to her. But she missed it, and it broke the window.
Cause and effect type：
•Now please tell us why you have refused it.
•You tell him what happened.
2. 2003高考北京試卷
聚集性思維（convergent thinking）
給出語境陳述計劃、打算 (planning )
根據(jù)下面提供的情景，寫一段接續(xù)文字，詞數(shù)不少于30。
You are talking with one of your close friends about your plans for the summer vacation. You say to him, “I’m going to enjoy myself in the vacation.” He asks, “What exactly are you going to do to have fun?”
You tell him what you want to do to make your vacation great fun. Be sure to use one or more examples to show what you mean.
Possible version:
I’ll go to a beach to see the seabirds flying in the dark-blue sky and drive a motorboat, sailing through clear water toward the rising sun. Then I’ll surf the “nba.com” website, play games on “FreeEnglish. com”, or chat with friends online about hot movies like “The Lord of the Rings” and “Harry Potter”.
Planning type:
•Your parents suggest that you stay in Beijing for your advanced education. Do you agree with them? Explain your reasons.
•What would you take and why?
•Tell at least two or three choices
•Tell what you will choose and why.
3. 2004 春季高考北京試卷
發(fā)散性思維 （divergent thinking）
給出問題尋找解決方法 (problem solving)
根據(jù)下面提供的情景，寫出你的想法。詞數(shù)不少于50。
On a sunny morning, Xiao Hong from Orange Town was on her way to her friend’s house in Green Hill, a small town she had never been to before. At a crossroads, she found the signpost (路標(biāo)) showing the directions had fallen over. She got lost.
How could she find out which way to go? Consider two or three different ways of working out the problems.
附圖畫
Possible version:
First of all ,Xiao Hong could ask a passer-by for directions. Since it was a sunny day, she could also use the position of the sun to tell the directions. And finally she could replace the signpost so that it correctly named the direction she had come from. Then it would be correct for all the other directions.
Problem solving type:
•oint out some problems( at least two) …and give helpful suggestions as to solve the problem.
•How should the land be used? Give your design.
•Your grandpa retired…unhappy and depressed…trying to make him cheerful.
•Make two or three suggestions on how to improve the traffic in Beijing.
［范文及學(xué)生習(xí)作分析講解］
1. When your mother comes home from work, she finds the living room in a terrible mess. She asks you the reasons. You tell her what happened.
學(xué)生習(xí)作：
1）When I got home, I found that there was a mouse eating an apple on the table. I put down my bag slowly and wanted to give it a sudden attack ,but the mouse saw me and ran away. So I began to run after it here and there .But I couldn't catch it. So you see the living room was in such a terrible mess.
2）When I came back, I found the door open. I was very puzzled because I knew at that time my parents still at theirs office. Suddenly I saw a thief in our living room, searching for some money. So I dialed 110 for help. A minute later, two policemen came, and caught the thief. Luckily, he didn’t find anything useful .
答案：This afternoon I was doing my homework when my neighbor Aunt Zhang came in with her little son Xiao Ming. She asked me to look after him for a while as she was out.
Shortly after his mother left, Xiao Ming began to cry. I brought out all the toys and played with him. Soon he stopped crying and began to play with me. He ran about happily in the room and scattered the toys on the floor and made a mess. It was he who made the room like this.
2. You have been given a chance to design a class meeting. You can choose whatever topic to make the meeting meaningful and instructive. What might be your topic? Why would you choose this topic? Give two or more reasons to explain.
學(xué)生習(xí)作：
1）I would like to choose the topic “believe in yourself.” First, if people believe themselves, they will have the confidence to do better in their work or study. Secondly, when people meet the difficulty in their lives, they need “believe in themselves” to help them solve those difficulty.
2）I prefer to talk about traffic in Beijing with my classmates. Because there are too many cars on the road and many people especially middle school students didn’t follow the traffic rules. We must pay attention to this. It is do a lot of harm to our life. And in 2008, Beijing will be held Olympic Games. When a foreigner saw a Chinese people didn’t follow the traffic rules, they will have a bad impression. In addition, I want to encourage my classmates to take buses so as to ease the traffic flow.
答案：I think I may design a class meeting entitled “Helping the Disabled.” First of all, being disabled is challenging in society. Disabled people need society’s respect and help. So the class meeting can pass on some information about showing respect to them. Secondly, if people all try to help the disabled, it can reduce the burden on society, which may influence the development of the whole society in many ways.
3. About fifty students from Hong Kong are coming to your school next week. You will show them around it. Please tell us how you will introduce your school to them.
答案：First, I will invite those students from Hong Kong to pay a visit to our schoolyard. During the visit, I will tell them something about our school life. Then I will take them to the headmaster’s office and introduce the history of our school to them. Finally, I am going to tell them our plan in the future.
4. On the morning of June 7, Li Hua is taking a bus on his way to take the entrance examination. Unfortunately, he is caught in a traffic jam because of an accident. How can he manage to there in time? Please think out two or three ways for him.
答案：First of all, he can persuade the bus driver to allow him to get off so that he can walk out of the heavy traffic jam to take another bus or a taxi. Or he can get off and ask an assistant in a nearby shop to lend him a bike. Since it is an important day for the high school graduates, dialing 110 and getting help from the police is one of the choices as well.
【模擬試題】
1. Yesterday when you got home all in wet, your mother was very surprised and asked ,“what’s the matter with you?”
Please tell us what happened.
2. Yesterday you went to school by bus as usual. But you rushed out of the bus at the second stop .
Please tell us what happened.
3. One day while Li Ming was walking along the street, he noticed a lot of people looking into the sky.
Suppose you are Li Ming ,please tell us what happened.
4. One day when you came to my house, I found you walking with a limp. What happened to you?
Please tell me.
5. Yesterday you and your friend went to buy some lottery tickets. Your friend asked , “If you won one million yuan, what would you do with so much money?”
Please tell him .
6. Traffic jams are a very serious problem in Beijing. The streets are full of cars, buses, and bikes almost every day. To make matters worse, some people do not follow the traffic rules.
Suppose you are discussing this problem in your English class. Please make two or three suggestions on how to improve the traffic in Beijing.
7. Suppose we are having a free talk in an English class. The topic is the best way of transport in Beijing when we are out getting around. To take a bus, the cityrail, a taxi or to ride a bike? Please tell us your choices) (at least two or three) and why you prefer them.
8. Your are in the sitting room talking to your good friend over the phone and crying. Your mother also feels very sad. This is what you tell your friend.
9. This morning you received a letter from Beijing Medical University saying that you had been admitted to the University.
Please tell us what you think of it and what you want to do then?
10. You are talking with one of your close friends about Chinese Festivals. You say to him, “I like the Mid-autumn Day best.” He asks, “ Why?”
You tell him why and be sure to give him your reasons.
11. Last week your parents were both on a business trip and you were left home alone for a few days. Tell your friends that a difficult (or a happy) time you had during those days.
【試題答案】
1. Yesterday when I was walking along the bank on my way home after school, suddenly I heard someone crying for help. I rushed towards the riverside and saw a boy struggling in the water. At that time I jumped into the water without hesitation. With the help of some other people, the boy was saved. And I went home immediately without being seen.
2. I was unlucky yesterday .The bus broke down on the half way . The bus driver began to repair it. Ten minutes passed, and I became impatient with waiting. So I rushed out of the bus and had to wait for another one. What was worse, when I got to the school ,the class had already began. I was late for school.
3. I stopped and looked up too. There! A young man was standing at the top of a hoist. He threatened to jump off it. How dangerous the situation was! Soon the police arrived. After thirty minutes persuasion, the young man finally gave up his mind. Not until then did I calm myself down.
4. I was unlucky this morning. I had just stepped out of the bus when a young man rode hurriedly and knocked me down. Luckily, I wasn’t hurt badly except my ankle. I had seen the doctor before I came here. The doctor told me it was nothing serious. Don’t worry. I’ll be all right soon.
5. One million yuan! That sounds great to me! You know, I’m expecting it for a long time. Of course, it would be wise to put away some money for the future. However, the first thing I want to do is to make my mother’s dream come true. My mum has always had a wish for taking a journey around the world, but her income could never afford it. If I won the money , I would be very pleased to help her.
6. To improve traffic in Beijing, I think, first, we should widen or build more roads to provide better traffic conditions. Second, the government should encourage more people to use public transport and bicycles so as to ease the traffic flow. Third, everyone in Beijing, especially those who drive or walk on the street, should follow the traffic rules.
7. As far as city transport is concerned, I prefer buses because they are cheapest way to get around. On the other hand, compared with the cityrail, there are many more bus routes throughout the town, which make any trip easy. As the expense of using taxis is much greater, I seldom take them. Sometimes I ride a bike because by this means I am free to go wherever I would like to, the places which buses or the cityrail do not reach.
8. Today I am feeling very sad because our pet dog, Huanhuan, is missing. Whenever I got home, he would run over to the door and welcome me by shaking its tail. Then he would bring my slippers to me. But yesterday I could not find it anywhere. The whole family started a search for it, but in vain. I am thinking of looking for it again after school.
9. When I heard from it, I was feeling quite excited. I have been dreaming of becoming an excellent doctor from my childhood. I want to help the sick and save them. Now I would have my dream come true.
I am sure that I will keep on working hard with my future studies so as to achieve my goals.
10. First, the mid-autumn Day comes in a beautiful season. Autumn is a time of harvest and everyone feels happy. Second, the day is a time of family reunion. All the family members get together to share their happiness. Third, the delicious moon cakes are also a reason for my favor for the day. The beautiful moon tale also adds some fun to this day. We can enjoy the round moon at the same time having the moon cakes.
11. I really had a hard time last week. You know, my parents would wake me up every morning, but during those days I had to get up myself. On the first night I set the alarm at 6:00, but it did not wake me up at all the next morning. I was scolded by my teacher. Afterwards, I was bought three new clocks and set them all together. What noisy morning I had!