I.Early Settlers （5000BC-55BC）
早期的居民（公元前5000年-公元前55年）
1．The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.
人們所知的英國(guó)最早居民是伊比利來(lái)人。
2． At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now know as Holland and Rhineland.
約公元前2000年，從現(xiàn)在的荷蘭和萊茵蘭地區(qū)來(lái)了寬口陶器人。
3． The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC.
約公元前700年，克爾特人來(lái)到不列顛島。
4． The Celts came to Britain in three main waves.
克爾特人來(lái)到不列顛有三次高潮。
The first wave were the Gaels-came about 600 BC.
第一次高潮是約公元前600年蓋爾人的來(lái)臨。
The second wave were the Brythons-came about 400 BC.
第二次高潮是約公元前400年布立吞（不列顛）人的抵達(dá)。
The third wave were the Belgae-came about 150 BC.
第三次是約公元前150年比利其人的到達(dá)。
II. Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)
羅馬人統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的英國(guó)（公元前55年-410年）
1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.
有記錄的英國(guó)歷史開(kāi)始于羅馬人的入侵。公元前55年和54年，羅馬將軍朱略斯•凱撒兩次入侵英國(guó)，均未成功。直到公元43年，克勞鍬才成功占領(lǐng)不列顛。將近四百年里，英國(guó)人處于羅馬人的占領(lǐng)下，但這并非是完全的占領(lǐng)。
2. Roman's influence on Britain.
The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain's natural resources. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.
羅馬人修建了許多城鎮(zhèn)網(wǎng)，道路，澡堂，廟宇和其他建筑物。他們還很好地利用了英國(guó)的自然資源。羅馬人還把基督教這門(mén)新宗教帶到不列顛。
3.Reasons for limited Roman influence on Britain.
羅馬對(duì)不列顛的影響有限的原因。
First, the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. Second, never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. Third, the Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.
首先，羅馬人把不列顛人當(dāng)作奴隸階段的屬民來(lái)對(duì)待。其次，在四世紀(jì)對(duì)羅馬人和不列顛人通婚。最后，羅馬人也未影響普通不列顛人的語(yǔ)言和文化。
Summary: This is the second part of Chapter 2 (The Origins of a Nation). It introduced some important events and important people in England from 446 to 1066. These most important events are The Anglos-Saxons' invasion; The Viking and Danish Invasions and The Norman Conquest.
(簡(jiǎn)要：這是第二章"國(guó)家的起源"的第二部分。在這一部分里，主要是介紹了英國(guó)從公元446年到1066年所發(fā)生的重要事件及人物。這些重要事件分別是盎格魯-撒克遜人的入侵，北歐海盜和丹麥人的入侵及諾曼征服)。
III. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)
盎格魯-撒克遜人（公元446-871年）
1． Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.
盎格魯-薩克遜時(shí)代（奠定了英國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)）
In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.
The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany, established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.
五世紀(jì)中葉，朱特人、撒克遜人和盎格魯人不斷入侵不列顛。這是三支日耳曼（條頓）部落。
居住在朱特蘭島（現(xiàn)丹麥南部）上從事打漁農(nóng)耕的朱特人先抵不列顛。后來(lái)從德國(guó)北部來(lái)的使用短劍的撒克遜人在埃撒克斯、蘇塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王國(guó)，統(tǒng)治期從五世紀(jì)末至六世紀(jì)初。六世紀(jì)后半葉，同樣來(lái)自德國(guó)北部的盎格魯人，在東盎格利亞、麥西亞以及諾森伯利來(lái)定居，同時(shí)也他們也把名字給了英國(guó)人。這七個(gè)主要王國(guó)（肯特、埃塞克斯、蘇塞克斯、威塞克斯、東盎格利亞、麥西亞和諾森伯利亞），合稱(chēng)為七王國(guó)。
早期的居民（公元前5000年-公元前55年）
1．The first known settlers of Britain were the Iberians.
人們所知的英國(guó)最早居民是伊比利來(lái)人。
2． At about 2000 BC the Beaker Folk arrived from the areas now know as Holland and Rhineland.
約公元前2000年，從現(xiàn)在的荷蘭和萊茵蘭地區(qū)來(lái)了寬口陶器人。
3． The Celts began to arrive Britain about 700 BC.
約公元前700年，克爾特人來(lái)到不列顛島。
4． The Celts came to Britain in three main waves.
克爾特人來(lái)到不列顛有三次高潮。
The first wave were the Gaels-came about 600 BC.
第一次高潮是約公元前600年蓋爾人的來(lái)臨。
The second wave were the Brythons-came about 400 BC.
第二次高潮是約公元前400年布立吞（不列顛）人的抵達(dá)。
The third wave were the Belgae-came about 150 BC.
第三次是約公元前150年比利其人的到達(dá)。
II. Roman Britain (55BC-410AD)
羅馬人統(tǒng)治時(shí)期的英國(guó)（公元前55年-410年）
1.British recorded history begins with the Roman invasion. In 55BC and 54BC, Julius Caesar, a Roman general, invaded Britain twice. In AD 43, the Emperor Claudius invaded Britain successfully. For nearly 400 years, Britain was under the Roman occupation, though it was never a total occupation.
有記錄的英國(guó)歷史開(kāi)始于羅馬人的入侵。公元前55年和54年，羅馬將軍朱略斯•凱撒兩次入侵英國(guó)，均未成功。直到公元43年，克勞鍬才成功占領(lǐng)不列顛。將近四百年里，英國(guó)人處于羅馬人的占領(lǐng)下，但這并非是完全的占領(lǐng)。
2. Roman's influence on Britain.
The Roman built many towns, road, baths, temples and buildings. They make good use of Britain's natural resources. They also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.
羅馬人修建了許多城鎮(zhèn)網(wǎng)，道路，澡堂，廟宇和其他建筑物。他們還很好地利用了英國(guó)的自然資源。羅馬人還把基督教這門(mén)新宗教帶到不列顛。
3.Reasons for limited Roman influence on Britain.
羅馬對(duì)不列顛的影響有限的原因。
First, the Romans always treated the Britons as a subject people of slave class. Second, never during the 4 centuries did the Romans and Britons intermarry. Third, the Romans had no impact on the language or culture of ordinary Britons.
首先，羅馬人把不列顛人當(dāng)作奴隸階段的屬民來(lái)對(duì)待。其次，在四世紀(jì)對(duì)羅馬人和不列顛人通婚。最后，羅馬人也未影響普通不列顛人的語(yǔ)言和文化。
Summary: This is the second part of Chapter 2 (The Origins of a Nation). It introduced some important events and important people in England from 446 to 1066. These most important events are The Anglos-Saxons' invasion; The Viking and Danish Invasions and The Norman Conquest.
(簡(jiǎn)要：這是第二章"國(guó)家的起源"的第二部分。在這一部分里，主要是介紹了英國(guó)從公元446年到1066年所發(fā)生的重要事件及人物。這些重要事件分別是盎格魯-撒克遜人的入侵，北歐海盜和丹麥人的入侵及諾曼征服)。
III. The Anglo-Saxons (446-871)
盎格魯-撒克遜人（公元446-871年）
1． Basis of Modern English race: the Anglo-Saxons.
盎格魯-薩克遜時(shí)代（奠定了英國(guó)的基礎(chǔ)）
In the mid-5th century a new wave of invaders, Jutes, Saxons, and Angles came to Britain. They were three Teutonic tribes.
The Jutes, who fished and farmed in Jutland, came to Britain first. A Jutish chief became the King of Kent in 449. Then the Saxons, users of the short-sword from northern Germany, established their kingdom in Essex, Sussex and Wessex from the end of the 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century. In the second half of the 6th century, the Angles, who also came from northern Germany and were to give their name to the English people, settled in East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria. These seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy.
五世紀(jì)中葉，朱特人、撒克遜人和盎格魯人不斷入侵不列顛。這是三支日耳曼（條頓）部落。
居住在朱特蘭島（現(xiàn)丹麥南部）上從事打漁農(nóng)耕的朱特人先抵不列顛。后來(lái)從德國(guó)北部來(lái)的使用短劍的撒克遜人在埃撒克斯、蘇塞克斯和威塞克斯建立了王國(guó)，統(tǒng)治期從五世紀(jì)末至六世紀(jì)初。六世紀(jì)后半葉，同樣來(lái)自德國(guó)北部的盎格魯人，在東盎格利亞、麥西亞以及諾森伯利來(lái)定居，同時(shí)也他們也把名字給了英國(guó)人。這七個(gè)主要王國(guó)（肯特、埃塞克斯、蘇塞克斯、威塞克斯、東盎格利亞、麥西亞和諾森伯利亞），合稱(chēng)為七王國(guó)。