語氣是用來表示說話者的意圖和態(tài)度。盡管英語中有陳述語氣(indicative mood)、祈使語氣(imperative mood)、虛擬語氣(subjunctive mood)等,但是在我國中高級(jí)英語考試中考的最多的是虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣在英語里主要用來表達(dá):
a.非真實(shí)的情景,不可能發(fā)生的事,即某種與事實(shí)相反或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況,或說話人主觀愿望。
b.與客觀事實(shí)相反的情景,即強(qiáng)制性虛擬語氣,表示建議、命令、勸告等意思,表示強(qiáng)烈地要求做到、必須做到這樣的含義。
虛擬語氣的表達(dá)形式是通過動(dòng)詞的變化形式表達(dá)的,其特點(diǎn)是主從句時(shí)態(tài)的不一致,而且一般有明顯的標(biāo)志。具體考點(diǎn)如下:
考點(diǎn)一:if句型(共有三種句型)
1.與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反
從句用一般過去時(shí),主句的謂語用would (could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形
If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day.
2.與過去的事實(shí)相反
從句用過去完成時(shí),主句的謂語用would (could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got
my PhD degree.
3.與將來的事實(shí)相反
從句用should (were to,did) +動(dòng)詞原形,主句的謂語用would (could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形
If it should / were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
4.虛擬語氣條件句中if的省略,此時(shí)主謂要倒裝。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam.
5.條件句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和主句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不一致,(例如:條件句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在)謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel much better now.
If I were you, I wouldn‘t have missed the film last night.
考點(diǎn)二:wish句型表達(dá)“但愿…,要是…多好”的語氣
wish后賓語從句用虛擬語氣,其謂語部分有時(shí)態(tài)變化:表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況珠虛擬時(shí),動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(如did);對(duì)過去的情況進(jìn)行虛擬時(shí),動(dòng)詞用“過去完成時(shí)(如had done)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(如could have done)”形式;表示情況的虛擬時(shí),用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式+動(dòng)詞原形(如might do)?!?BR> I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish he would forgive me.
I wish I would remember all the English words in a week.
同例:在as if / as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中和以if only引起的感嘆句中,謂語動(dòng)詞與wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的虛擬形式相同。例:
He talked as if he had known Tom for a long time.
He talks as if he were the boss.他說起話來就像他是老板。
If only I were free now.(注意:if only…后面可以不加主句)
考點(diǎn)三:在強(qiáng)制性語氣的賓語從句中,即表示建議、命令、勸告、決心等主觀色彩的動(dòng)詞+ that + (should) +動(dòng)詞原形,其中should經(jīng)常被省略。這類動(dòng)詞包括:
suggest, propose,&n p;+ (should) +動(dòng)詞原形,其中should經(jīng)常被省略。這類動(dòng)詞包括:
suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require,
insist, advise, decree (發(fā)布命令;下令), determine, prefer, stipulate, move(動(dòng)議,規(guī)定),direct(命令),maintain(堅(jiān)持),decide,ask
I suggest that you (should) not be late again next time.
I prefer that you (should) not do that.我認(rèn)為你還是別干那件事的好。
注意一:以上動(dòng)詞的名詞(如:suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command, advice, desire,
requirement, request, agreement, determination, preference , resolution,
a.非真實(shí)的情景,不可能發(fā)生的事,即某種與事實(shí)相反或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的情況,或說話人主觀愿望。
b.與客觀事實(shí)相反的情景,即強(qiáng)制性虛擬語氣,表示建議、命令、勸告等意思,表示強(qiáng)烈地要求做到、必須做到這樣的含義。
虛擬語氣的表達(dá)形式是通過動(dòng)詞的變化形式表達(dá)的,其特點(diǎn)是主從句時(shí)態(tài)的不一致,而且一般有明顯的標(biāo)志。具體考點(diǎn)如下:
考點(diǎn)一:if句型(共有三種句型)
1.與現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)相反
從句用一般過去時(shí),主句的謂語用would (could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形
If I were Bill Gates, I would not work so hard every day.
2.與過去的事實(shí)相反
從句用過去完成時(shí),主句的謂語用would (could, might)+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
If I had gone to America when I graduated from middle school, I would have got
my PhD degree.
3.與將來的事實(shí)相反
從句用should (were to,did) +動(dòng)詞原形,主句的謂語用would (could, might)+動(dòng)詞原形
If it should / were to snow tomorrow, I would go skiing.
4.虛擬語氣條件句中if的省略,此時(shí)主謂要倒裝。
Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exam.
5.條件句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作和主句發(fā)生的動(dòng)作不一致,(例如:條件句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在現(xiàn)在)謂語動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。
If you had taken the medicine yesterday, you would feel much better now.
If I were you, I wouldn‘t have missed the film last night.
考點(diǎn)二:wish句型表達(dá)“但愿…,要是…多好”的語氣
wish后賓語從句用虛擬語氣,其謂語部分有時(shí)態(tài)變化:表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況珠虛擬時(shí),動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)(如did);對(duì)過去的情況進(jìn)行虛擬時(shí),動(dòng)詞用“過去完成時(shí)(如had done)或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(如could have done)”形式;表示情況的虛擬時(shí),用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的過去時(shí)形式+動(dòng)詞原形(如might do)?!?BR> I wish I had been to the concert last night.
I wish he would forgive me.
I wish I would remember all the English words in a week.
同例:在as if / as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中和以if only引起的感嘆句中,謂語動(dòng)詞與wish引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的虛擬形式相同。例:
He talked as if he had known Tom for a long time.
He talks as if he were the boss.他說起話來就像他是老板。
If only I were free now.(注意:if only…后面可以不加主句)
考點(diǎn)三:在強(qiáng)制性語氣的賓語從句中,即表示建議、命令、勸告、決心等主觀色彩的動(dòng)詞+ that + (should) +動(dòng)詞原形,其中should經(jīng)常被省略。這類動(dòng)詞包括:
suggest, propose,&n p;+ (should) +動(dòng)詞原形,其中should經(jīng)常被省略。這類動(dòng)詞包括:
suggest, propose, recommend, demand, order, command, desire, require,
insist, advise, decree (發(fā)布命令;下令), determine, prefer, stipulate, move(動(dòng)議,規(guī)定),direct(命令),maintain(堅(jiān)持),decide,ask
I suggest that you (should) not be late again next time.
I prefer that you (should) not do that.我認(rèn)為你還是別干那件事的好。
注意一:以上動(dòng)詞的名詞(如:suggestion, proposal, demand, order, command, advice, desire,
requirement, request, agreement, determination, preference , resolution,