9.現(xiàn)在一般時與過去完成時
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(與事實相反)
(經(jīng)常這樣用的詞有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)
To the top(回頁首)
現(xiàn)在完成時
趙寶斌
現(xiàn)在完成時是英語時態(tài)中最不好掌握的時態(tài)，因為對我們來說，它很難在漢語中找到相對應(yīng)的說法，下面筆者從幾個方面分析一下現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。
1．現(xiàn)在完成時的定義：動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。
2．強調(diào)過去的動作和狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果。
常用的時間狀語有：already, yet, never，有時沒有時間狀語；多是一般疑問句。
I have already seen the film.
Have you decided yet?
3．剛剛和最近發(fā)生的動作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時間狀語有：just, lately, recently, in the past few days/weeks
注意：just 和just now用不同的時態(tài)，just now(剛才)一般用過去時。
I have just phoned him?
I have visited my parents recently.
4．從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時間狀語有：since, （可用作介詞和連詞）for
注意：主句的謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性的動詞，如果是否定形式，主句的謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞，否則，不能用瞬間動詞。
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have lived here since I came to this city
I have learned English since 10 years ago.
He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.
5．從過去到現(xiàn)在一段時間的動作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時間狀語有：up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have seen him this morning. (時間還在上午)
I saw him this morning. (時間不是在上午了)
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I have seen any bird like this in my life.
6．對過去的體驗和經(jīng)歷。
常用的時間狀語有：before, ever, once, twice, many times
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have been to Beijing （去過北京）
I have gone to Beijing（去北京了，人還沒回來〕
Have you seen tiger before?
I have been to Shanghai many times.
從上面幾方面的分析， 我們把現(xiàn)在完成的用法和時間狀語聯(lián)系起來一起考慮，掌握完成時態(tài)的用法。
1) I hope that he'll come.
I had hoped he would come.(與事實相反)
(經(jīng)常這樣用的詞有:expect, think, intend, mean, suppose)
To the top(回頁首)
現(xiàn)在完成時
趙寶斌
現(xiàn)在完成時是英語時態(tài)中最不好掌握的時態(tài)，因為對我們來說，它很難在漢語中找到相對應(yīng)的說法，下面筆者從幾個方面分析一下現(xiàn)在完成時的用法。
1．現(xiàn)在完成時的定義：動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果。
2．強調(diào)過去的動作和狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響和結(jié)果。
常用的時間狀語有：already, yet, never，有時沒有時間狀語；多是一般疑問句。
I have already seen the film.
Have you decided yet?
3．剛剛和最近發(fā)生的動作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時間狀語有：just, lately, recently, in the past few days/weeks
注意：just 和just now用不同的時態(tài)，just now(剛才)一般用過去時。
I have just phoned him?
I have visited my parents recently.
4．從過去一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時間狀語有：since, （可用作介詞和連詞）for
注意：主句的謂語動詞一般是延續(xù)性的動詞，如果是否定形式，主句的謂語動詞可用瞬間動詞，否則，不能用瞬間動詞。
I have lived here for 20 years.
I have lived here since I came to this city
I have learned English since 10 years ago.
He hasn't come to visit us for a few months.
5．從過去到現(xiàn)在一段時間的動作和狀態(tài)。
常用的時間狀語有：up till now, so far, in this morning, in this week, in this year, in my life
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have seen him this morning. (時間還在上午)
I saw him this morning. (時間不是在上午了)
We have learned so many things from you so far.
I have seen any bird like this in my life.
6．對過去的體驗和經(jīng)歷。
常用的時間狀語有：before, ever, once, twice, many times
注意：這兩句話的區(qū)別
I have been to Beijing （去過北京）
I have gone to Beijing（去北京了，人還沒回來〕
Have you seen tiger before?
I have been to Shanghai many times.
從上面幾方面的分析， 我們把現(xiàn)在完成的用法和時間狀語聯(lián)系起來一起考慮，掌握完成時態(tài)的用法。