糾正英語口語表達錯誤（三）
Example 11:
“many”and “much”(多少)
學(xué)生經(jīng)?；煊谢煜癿any” and “much” 這兩個詞。
“many” 用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,如 “pieces of chalk, erasers, desks, bowls of salad, dollars, books, people, apples”等等。而 “much” 是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的,如“chalk, mud, salad, money, knowledge, time, food”等等。請看下面的例子：
Students often confuse the words “many” and “much”. “Many” is used to talk about things that can be counted, such as pieces of chalk, erasers, desks, bowls of salad, dollars, books, people, apples, and things. “Much”, on the other hand, is used to describe things that cannot be counted, such as Chalk, mud, salad, money, knowledge, time, and food. Let` s look at some examples:
“There are many people is the gymnasium.”
“There is much space in the gymnasium.”
“The campus has much buildings.”
“The campus has much plant life.”
有時, 我們也常用更口語化的短語來表達 “many” and “much”,
比如 “a lot of”, 或 “l(fā)ots of”.例:
Often, however, we change both “many” and “much” to a more colloquial phrase, such as“a lot of”, or “l(fā)ots of”. For example:
“I can learn a lot of knowledge from my teachers.”
(“A lot of” here replaces “much”. “A lot of” 在句子里相當于 “much”.)
“I saw lots of horses in Inner Mongolia.”
(“Lots of” here replaces “many”. “Lots of”在這里相當于many.)
然而, 在固定詞組“how much”和“how many” 中, 我們不能用其他任何詞來帶替“many” 和“much”。例：
However, in the set phrases “how much” and “how many” we cannot replace “many” and “much” with other words.
For example:
“How much does this stuffed animal cost?”
“It costs a lot of money.”
“How much food did you make for dinner?”
“I made lots of food. I made pizza, baked chicken, and some banana bread.”
“How many desks are there in the classroom?”
There are lots. I can count forty-eight.”
“How many people are there in the country of Indonesia?”
“I` m not sure, but I know there are lots.”
- or- “I` m not sure, but I know there are many.”
Example 12:
我曾……/ 不曾……
A: “Have you ever been to South America?”
Incorrect English:
B: “Yes, I have ever been there.”
Correct English:
B: “Yes, I have been there.”
A: “Have you ever sung a Beatles song in front of a crowd of people?”
Incorrect English:
B: “Yes, I have ever sung a Beatles song in front of a crowd of people.”
Correct English:
B: “yes, I have sung a Beatles song in front of a of people.”
解釋:
上述Ａ提出的問題是正確的，當我們詢問某人是否曾經(jīng)有過別的經(jīng)歷時，我們用“ever”，但是“Incorrect English”中B的回答顯然是錯誤的。當回答我們確實有過某種經(jīng)歷時，不用“ever”；而回答沒有某種經(jīng)歷時，我們或者用“never”，或者用帶有“ever”的否定句。請看：
Explanation：
The above questions spoken by A are correct .when we are asking someone if they have had a particular experience，we use the word “ever”. But the responses given by B under “incorrect English” are indeed incorrect .When we are stating that we have indeed had the experience of doing something ，we do not use the word “ever”. If we are stating that we have not had a particular experience ，we either use the word “never”or a negative sentence with the word “ever”.
Let’s look at some examples：
A：“Have you ever been to the Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco？”
B：“Yes ，I have been there . In fact ，I just went last Thursday.”
-or-B：“No，I have never been there .The entrance fee is too expensive.”
-or-B：“No，I haven` t ever been there. I` m looking forward to going sometime，though.”
A：“Have you ever seen the film “pretty Woman”？”
B：“Yes，I’ve seen it . it made me cry.”
-or-B：“No，I’ve never seen it .I don’t really think Richard Gere is a very good actor.”
-or-B：“No，I haven` t ever seen it .perhaps someday I will rent the videotape.”
A：“Has your mother ever come to see you here in Paris？”
B：“Yes，she came time twice last winter.”
-or-B：“Yes，she has come about six or seven times.”
-or-B：“No，she has never come to see me.”
-or-B：“No，she hasn’t ever come to see me . She Promised she will come next spring. She really wants to see Eiffel Tower.”
Example 13:
“to make”和“to let”（使／讓）
學(xué)生們經(jīng)?；煜皌o make”和“to let”的用法．這里讓我們先弄清它們的區(qū)別之一，以便正確地使用．下面的兩個例子十分相象，我們要找出它們的區(qū)別所在。
Students often confuse the verbs“to make”and “to let”. Here we clear up one of the many problems in distinguishing these two words and using them correctly. Let’s look at two nearly identical sentences，and see where the distinction lies.
“When Brian was little，his parents made him wash the dishes every night after dinner.”
“When Lisa was little，her parents let her wash the dishes every night after dinner.”
這兩個句子有何不同呢？在第一句中，“made”相當于“forced”，也就是說Brian并不是真心實意地想洗碗，但是他的父母吩咐他去洗，或許是教會他懂得勞動的價值。在第二句中，“l(fā)et”相當于“permitted”或“allowed”，
也就是說，Lisa 很樂意洗碗，而她的父母并不阻止她，也許Lisa 是個懂事的孩子，愿為父母分擔(dān)家務(wù)。
再看其他幾個例子：
“How are these two sentences different？In the first sentence，"made" means "forced".In other words，Brian did not really want to do the dishes，but his parents forced him to wash them，perhaps to teach him the value of labor.
In the second sentence，"let" means "permitted" or "allowed". In other words，Lisa wanted to do the dishes，and her parents did not stop her, but instead allowed her to do the dishes. Lisa perhaps was a good-natured child looking to assist her parents. Let’s look at some other examples：
”My boss made me work all day without a break. I’m exhausted. “ (I didn’t really want to work all day; I had to. 工作了一天,真不請愿,可又不得不)
”my boss let me leave work early today because we worked so hard yesterday. “ (I was happy to get off work early . 提前下班對我來說很開心)
”The officers in the military often make the soldiers do hard labor and tough training. The officers also don’t let the soldiers go out at night. “
”The elementary school teacher made the students stay after school because they were naughty. “
"We really like our new math instructor because she lets us eat the classroom."
Example 14:
“to have”和 “to be ”(“存在”或 “有”)
英語表達 “存在” (既漢語 “有沒有” 的 “有”)的概念有兩種方法,既 “to have”和“to be ”,學(xué)生們經(jīng)?；煜@兩個詞,不能正確使用。
Because there are two basic ways of expressing existence in English, or expressing the Chinese word “有”,students often mix them up and incorrectly use them together .The two ways of expressing “you” are the verbs “to have” and “to be ”.
Incorrect English:
“In Harbin every year there has an Ice-Lantern Festival. ”
Correct English:
“In Harbin every year there is an Ice-Lantern Festival.”
-or- “Every year Harbin has an Ice-Lantern Festival.”
Incorrect English:
“In Italy there has a beautiful coastline.”
Correct English:
“In Italy there is a beautiful coastline.”
-or- “Italy has a beautiful coastline.”
解釋:
在上面錯誤的范例中,所話者錯誤地使用了 “to have”和 “to be ”句型。在改正后的句子中，第一句使用了“to be”句型，第二句使用了“to have”句型。請看更多的例句：
Explanation：
In the incorrect English sentences above，the speaker is mistakenly using parts of both the“to have”and the“to be”pattern。In the corrected sentences，the first sentences use the“to be”pattern and the second sentences use the“to have”pattern. Let’s look at more examples:
“Lots of people are in the yard enjoying the sun.”
“The yard has a lot of people in it enjoying the sun.”
“There is a CD on the desk.”
“The desk has a CD on it .”
“There is a stain on my pants.”
“My pants have a stain on them.”
“There is a beautiful advertisement for shampoo on that huge building.”
“That huge building has a beautiful advertisement for shampoo on it.”
“My kitchen has a strange smell right now. I guess there are some rotting vegetables in it.”
“There is a strange smell in my kitchen right now . I guess it has some rotting vegetables in it.”
Example 15:
與……相同(“same as”/ “same to”)
在對比句型中,學(xué)生們也常出錯,這必須加以重視并予以改正。
Students often make mistakes in sentences of comparison. Here we consider and correct one such mistake.
Incorrect English:
“He is the same grade to me ; we are both freshman.”
Correct English:
“He is the same grade as me; we are both freshman.”
上面病句的問題在于使用了 “to”,而不是 “as”。請看其他句子:
The problem in the above incorrect sentence is the use of the preposition “to”instead of the preposition“as”.Let’s look at more examples:
Incorrect English:
“That textbook is the same to this book ; they are both about civil engineering.”
Correct English:
“That textbook is the same as this book ; they are both about civil engineering.”
Incorrect English:
“Chris is the same height to me.”
Correct English:
“Chris is the same height as me.”
“This red shirt is the same size as that striped shirt. ”
“Larry has the same personality as I have ; we both get angry very easily.”
在上面有比較句子中我用 “same as”,而不是 “same to”。然而,有時我們也必須使用“same to”.如:
In all of the above sentences ,normal comparison sentences ,we use “same as ”rather than “same to ”.However, there are also occasions in which we should use “same to ”. For example:
A: “Should we go watch a movie or go to a concert? ”
B: “I don’ t care . It’ s the same to me either way .There’ s no difference. It doesn’t matter. ”
Example 11:
“many”and “much”(多少)
學(xué)生經(jīng)?；煊谢煜癿any” and “much” 這兩個詞。
“many” 用來修飾可數(shù)名詞,如 “pieces of chalk, erasers, desks, bowls of salad, dollars, books, people, apples”等等。而 “much” 是用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞的,如“chalk, mud, salad, money, knowledge, time, food”等等。請看下面的例子：
Students often confuse the words “many” and “much”. “Many” is used to talk about things that can be counted, such as pieces of chalk, erasers, desks, bowls of salad, dollars, books, people, apples, and things. “Much”, on the other hand, is used to describe things that cannot be counted, such as Chalk, mud, salad, money, knowledge, time, and food. Let` s look at some examples:
“There are many people is the gymnasium.”
“There is much space in the gymnasium.”
“The campus has much buildings.”
“The campus has much plant life.”
有時, 我們也常用更口語化的短語來表達 “many” and “much”,
比如 “a lot of”, 或 “l(fā)ots of”.例:
Often, however, we change both “many” and “much” to a more colloquial phrase, such as“a lot of”, or “l(fā)ots of”. For example:
“I can learn a lot of knowledge from my teachers.”
(“A lot of” here replaces “much”. “A lot of” 在句子里相當于 “much”.)
“I saw lots of horses in Inner Mongolia.”
(“Lots of” here replaces “many”. “Lots of”在這里相當于many.)
然而, 在固定詞組“how much”和“how many” 中, 我們不能用其他任何詞來帶替“many” 和“much”。例：
However, in the set phrases “how much” and “how many” we cannot replace “many” and “much” with other words.
For example:
“How much does this stuffed animal cost?”
“It costs a lot of money.”
“How much food did you make for dinner?”
“I made lots of food. I made pizza, baked chicken, and some banana bread.”
“How many desks are there in the classroom?”
There are lots. I can count forty-eight.”
“How many people are there in the country of Indonesia?”
“I` m not sure, but I know there are lots.”
- or- “I` m not sure, but I know there are many.”
Example 12:
我曾……/ 不曾……
A: “Have you ever been to South America?”
Incorrect English:
B: “Yes, I have ever been there.”
Correct English:
B: “Yes, I have been there.”
A: “Have you ever sung a Beatles song in front of a crowd of people?”
Incorrect English:
B: “Yes, I have ever sung a Beatles song in front of a crowd of people.”
Correct English:
B: “yes, I have sung a Beatles song in front of a of people.”
解釋:
上述Ａ提出的問題是正確的，當我們詢問某人是否曾經(jīng)有過別的經(jīng)歷時，我們用“ever”，但是“Incorrect English”中B的回答顯然是錯誤的。當回答我們確實有過某種經(jīng)歷時，不用“ever”；而回答沒有某種經(jīng)歷時，我們或者用“never”，或者用帶有“ever”的否定句。請看：
Explanation：
The above questions spoken by A are correct .when we are asking someone if they have had a particular experience，we use the word “ever”. But the responses given by B under “incorrect English” are indeed incorrect .When we are stating that we have indeed had the experience of doing something ，we do not use the word “ever”. If we are stating that we have not had a particular experience ，we either use the word “never”or a negative sentence with the word “ever”.
Let’s look at some examples：
A：“Have you ever been to the Museum of Modern Art in San Francisco？”
B：“Yes ，I have been there . In fact ，I just went last Thursday.”
-or-B：“No，I have never been there .The entrance fee is too expensive.”
-or-B：“No，I haven` t ever been there. I` m looking forward to going sometime，though.”
A：“Have you ever seen the film “pretty Woman”？”
B：“Yes，I’ve seen it . it made me cry.”
-or-B：“No，I’ve never seen it .I don’t really think Richard Gere is a very good actor.”
-or-B：“No，I haven` t ever seen it .perhaps someday I will rent the videotape.”
A：“Has your mother ever come to see you here in Paris？”
B：“Yes，she came time twice last winter.”
-or-B：“Yes，she has come about six or seven times.”
-or-B：“No，she has never come to see me.”
-or-B：“No，she hasn’t ever come to see me . She Promised she will come next spring. She really wants to see Eiffel Tower.”
Example 13:
“to make”和“to let”（使／讓）
學(xué)生們經(jīng)?；煜皌o make”和“to let”的用法．這里讓我們先弄清它們的區(qū)別之一，以便正確地使用．下面的兩個例子十分相象，我們要找出它們的區(qū)別所在。
Students often confuse the verbs“to make”and “to let”. Here we clear up one of the many problems in distinguishing these two words and using them correctly. Let’s look at two nearly identical sentences，and see where the distinction lies.
“When Brian was little，his parents made him wash the dishes every night after dinner.”
“When Lisa was little，her parents let her wash the dishes every night after dinner.”
這兩個句子有何不同呢？在第一句中，“made”相當于“forced”，也就是說Brian并不是真心實意地想洗碗，但是他的父母吩咐他去洗，或許是教會他懂得勞動的價值。在第二句中，“l(fā)et”相當于“permitted”或“allowed”，
也就是說，Lisa 很樂意洗碗，而她的父母并不阻止她，也許Lisa 是個懂事的孩子，愿為父母分擔(dān)家務(wù)。
再看其他幾個例子：
“How are these two sentences different？In the first sentence，"made" means "forced".In other words，Brian did not really want to do the dishes，but his parents forced him to wash them，perhaps to teach him the value of labor.
In the second sentence，"let" means "permitted" or "allowed". In other words，Lisa wanted to do the dishes，and her parents did not stop her, but instead allowed her to do the dishes. Lisa perhaps was a good-natured child looking to assist her parents. Let’s look at some other examples：
”My boss made me work all day without a break. I’m exhausted. “ (I didn’t really want to work all day; I had to. 工作了一天,真不請愿,可又不得不)
”my boss let me leave work early today because we worked so hard yesterday. “ (I was happy to get off work early . 提前下班對我來說很開心)
”The officers in the military often make the soldiers do hard labor and tough training. The officers also don’t let the soldiers go out at night. “
”The elementary school teacher made the students stay after school because they were naughty. “
"We really like our new math instructor because she lets us eat the classroom."
Example 14:
“to have”和 “to be ”(“存在”或 “有”)
英語表達 “存在” (既漢語 “有沒有” 的 “有”)的概念有兩種方法,既 “to have”和“to be ”,學(xué)生們經(jīng)?；煜@兩個詞,不能正確使用。
Because there are two basic ways of expressing existence in English, or expressing the Chinese word “有”,students often mix them up and incorrectly use them together .The two ways of expressing “you” are the verbs “to have” and “to be ”.
Incorrect English:
“In Harbin every year there has an Ice-Lantern Festival. ”
Correct English:
“In Harbin every year there is an Ice-Lantern Festival.”
-or- “Every year Harbin has an Ice-Lantern Festival.”
Incorrect English:
“In Italy there has a beautiful coastline.”
Correct English:
“In Italy there is a beautiful coastline.”
-or- “Italy has a beautiful coastline.”
解釋:
在上面錯誤的范例中,所話者錯誤地使用了 “to have”和 “to be ”句型。在改正后的句子中，第一句使用了“to be”句型，第二句使用了“to have”句型。請看更多的例句：
Explanation：
In the incorrect English sentences above，the speaker is mistakenly using parts of both the“to have”and the“to be”pattern。In the corrected sentences，the first sentences use the“to be”pattern and the second sentences use the“to have”pattern. Let’s look at more examples:
“Lots of people are in the yard enjoying the sun.”
“The yard has a lot of people in it enjoying the sun.”
“There is a CD on the desk.”
“The desk has a CD on it .”
“There is a stain on my pants.”
“My pants have a stain on them.”
“There is a beautiful advertisement for shampoo on that huge building.”
“That huge building has a beautiful advertisement for shampoo on it.”
“My kitchen has a strange smell right now. I guess there are some rotting vegetables in it.”
“There is a strange smell in my kitchen right now . I guess it has some rotting vegetables in it.”
Example 15:
與……相同(“same as”/ “same to”)
在對比句型中,學(xué)生們也常出錯,這必須加以重視并予以改正。
Students often make mistakes in sentences of comparison. Here we consider and correct one such mistake.
Incorrect English:
“He is the same grade to me ; we are both freshman.”
Correct English:
“He is the same grade as me; we are both freshman.”
上面病句的問題在于使用了 “to”,而不是 “as”。請看其他句子:
The problem in the above incorrect sentence is the use of the preposition “to”instead of the preposition“as”.Let’s look at more examples:
Incorrect English:
“That textbook is the same to this book ; they are both about civil engineering.”
Correct English:
“That textbook is the same as this book ; they are both about civil engineering.”
Incorrect English:
“Chris is the same height to me.”
Correct English:
“Chris is the same height as me.”
“This red shirt is the same size as that striped shirt. ”
“Larry has the same personality as I have ; we both get angry very easily.”
在上面有比較句子中我用 “same as”,而不是 “same to”。然而,有時我們也必須使用“same to”.如:
In all of the above sentences ,normal comparison sentences ,we use “same as ”rather than “same to ”.However, there are also occasions in which we should use “same to ”. For example:
A: “Should we go watch a movie or go to a concert? ”
B: “I don’ t care . It’ s the same to me either way .There’ s no difference. It doesn’t matter. ”