糾正英語口語表達錯誤（一）
這部分的錯誤是因為中文直譯所引起的普遍的句法錯誤。很明顯，中文和英文的句法和詞序有許多不同，因此，當(dāng)中國學(xué)生用漢語的思路去思考并且直接譯成英文時，就會出現(xiàn)錯誤。這里列出了很多諸如此類的錯誤。我們先給出中文句子和錯誤的英文翻譯，以便讀者能看到這兩種句型的類似點，找到產(chǎn)生錯誤的根本原因。
Example 1:
我跟我朋友一起去河邊。
Incorrect english:
“I with my friends went to the river．”
Correct english:
“I went to the river with my friends．”
解釋:
現(xiàn)在我們討論的是“somebody does something with somebody”句型。
漢語詞序是“somebody with somebody does something'’的句型時，
英語卻是“somebody does something with somebody'’；
英語里的“with somebody'’應(yīng)位于謂語后面，而不是謂語前面，這與漢語恰恰相反。
Examples:
“I ate lunch with my brother today．”O(jiān)R
“I ate lunch today with my brother．”
“John will go fishing with his father．”
注意:
這條規(guī)則適用于各種不同對象，及過去、現(xiàn)在、將來等不同時態(tài)。
Example 2:
我和我的室友一起去商店.
Incorrect english:
I and my roommate went to the store.
Correct english:
My roommate and i went to the store.
解釋:
這里的問題是:當(dāng)i我與別的人稱代詞或名詞同時作主語時,它們的順序該如何安排?
規(guī)則是:如果主語包括i與別的人,i總是放在最后;而漢語中則習(xí)慣性把我放在第一,這與英語完全不問。
Examples:
Frad,john,mr.stfwart,and i live on the same street.
The group of athletes and i went to the football field together.
Bill and i do not have a very good relationship.
注意:
有多個主語時,以英語為母語的人通常用me作一個主語,并把它放在其他主語前面.語法上是錯誤的,
但你可能會聽到:me and wes are going to watch the baseball game on tv tonight.
Example 3:
雖然他很矮，但是他能跑得很快.
Incorrect english:
Although he is very short, but he can run very fast.
Correct english:
Although he is very short, he can run fast
He is very short, but he can run fast.
解釋:
這里的問題是:我們可以用 although 或 but ,但不能同時用，因為這是錯誤的，其中一個就已經(jīng)表達了
“雖然...但是...”的意思。
規(guī)則是:although 比 but 更正規(guī)些。
Examples:
Although I'm tired, I still want to go out and see a movie.
I'm tired, but i still want to go out and see a movie.
Although Nancy does not like her boss, she likes going to work anyway.
Nancy does not like her boss, but she likes going to work anyway.
Although I asked him not to marry her, he did it anyway. I'm really mad at him.
I asked him not to marry her, but he did it anyway. I'm really mad at him.
Example 4:
我住在北京市，你去過西安嗎？
Incorrect English:
“I live in Beijing city. Have you ever been to Xi’an city?”
Correct English:
“I live in Beijing. Have you ever been to Xi’an ? ”
解釋：
在英語里，我們不能在一個城市名后再說“city”, 單說城市的名字聽起來最自然?！癟he city of Beijing”或者“Beijing”是正確的說法，而“Beijing city”是錯誤的。
Explanation:
We should not say the word “city” after a city’s name in English. Saying just the city name by itself sounds the most natural. “The city ofBeijing”, or just “Beijing”, is correct, but “Beijing city’’ is not correct.
Examples:
“My sister is going to take a vacation in Shanghai. She lives in Tangshan.”
“I moved from Los Angeles to Chicago last May.”
A: “ John lives in Washington. “
B: “Thestate of Washington or the city of Washington , D.C ?”
A: “The city of Washington, D. C.”
注意A:
英語中表達“某某市”的時候，其本身的名字已含有“市”字在內(nèi)。例如New York City (紐約市)，Salt Lake City (鹽湖市)，Kansas City（堪薩斯市），和Jefferson City (杰佛遜市)。當(dāng)說這些城市名時，很明顯會包括“city”一字，但這只是例外。
Note A：
There are some city names in English that include the word “city”in their names ，Examples are “New York City”，“Salt Lake City”，“Kansas City”，and“Jefferson City”，When saying the names of these cities you obviously include the word “City” , but these are exceptions。
Examples：
“I love going to the theaters and museums in New York City?！?BR> “Salt Lake City is in the state of Utah。”
注意B：
如果你想說一個市中心以外的地方，但該地從政治意義上仍屬這個市政府管轄，應(yīng)該在城市名后用“municipality”。
Note B：
If you want to talk about a place outside the city center，but the place, politically，still belongs to the city government，you should use the word “municipality” after the city’ s name。
Examples：
“I live in Beijing municipality.”
“I enjoy going to Wanxian in Chongqing municipality to see my uncle.”
Example 5:
因為他很聰明，所以他的成績總是很高。
Incorrect English：
“Because he is smart ，so his grades are always very high。”
Correct English：
“Because he is smart ，his grades are always very high?！監(jiān)R“He is smart ，so his grades are always very high?！?BR> 解釋：
這個問題與“問題3”非常類似。這種類型的句子，我們可以用“because”或“so”，但兩者不能同時出在一個句子里，其中之一既可表達“因為。。。。。。所以。。。。。?！钡囊馑?。在表達“因果關(guān)系”的句子里，用“because”的句子與用“so”的句子并沒有明顯的區(qū)別。
Explanation：
This problem is very similar to the problem in number 3。In a sentence of this kind，we can use “because”or “so”。We cannot use both words，as this is incorrect。One word is enough to convey the meaning . There is no real difference between the sentence with “because”and the sentence with “so”。
Examples：
“Because the tea is too hot，he doesn’t want to drink it?！監(jiān)R“The tea is too hot，so he doesn’t want to drink it?！?BR> “Because the Chinese economy is developing quickly，we can see rapid changes in China?！監(jiān)R “The Chinese economy is developing quickly，so we can see rapid changes in China?！?BR> 注意：
在英語中有另外一種很自然的方式表達上述類型的句子，即先說結(jié)果，再用“because”引出原因。
Note：
There is another very natural way to express this kind of sentence in English。We put the result first，insert the word “because”，and then put the reason last。
Examples：
“His grades are always very high because he is smart?！?BR> “He doesn’t want to drink the tea because it is too hot”。
“We can see rapid changes in China because the Chinese economy is developing quickly?！?
這部分的錯誤是因為中文直譯所引起的普遍的句法錯誤。很明顯，中文和英文的句法和詞序有許多不同，因此，當(dāng)中國學(xué)生用漢語的思路去思考并且直接譯成英文時，就會出現(xiàn)錯誤。這里列出了很多諸如此類的錯誤。我們先給出中文句子和錯誤的英文翻譯，以便讀者能看到這兩種句型的類似點，找到產(chǎn)生錯誤的根本原因。
Example 1:
我跟我朋友一起去河邊。
Incorrect english:
“I with my friends went to the river．”
Correct english:
“I went to the river with my friends．”
解釋:
現(xiàn)在我們討論的是“somebody does something with somebody”句型。
漢語詞序是“somebody with somebody does something'’的句型時，
英語卻是“somebody does something with somebody'’；
英語里的“with somebody'’應(yīng)位于謂語后面，而不是謂語前面，這與漢語恰恰相反。
Examples:
“I ate lunch with my brother today．”O(jiān)R
“I ate lunch today with my brother．”
“John will go fishing with his father．”
注意:
這條規(guī)則適用于各種不同對象，及過去、現(xiàn)在、將來等不同時態(tài)。
Example 2:
我和我的室友一起去商店.
Incorrect english:
I and my roommate went to the store.
Correct english:
My roommate and i went to the store.
解釋:
這里的問題是:當(dāng)i我與別的人稱代詞或名詞同時作主語時,它們的順序該如何安排?
規(guī)則是:如果主語包括i與別的人,i總是放在最后;而漢語中則習(xí)慣性把我放在第一,這與英語完全不問。
Examples:
Frad,john,mr.stfwart,and i live on the same street.
The group of athletes and i went to the football field together.
Bill and i do not have a very good relationship.
注意:
有多個主語時,以英語為母語的人通常用me作一個主語,并把它放在其他主語前面.語法上是錯誤的,
但你可能會聽到:me and wes are going to watch the baseball game on tv tonight.
Example 3:
雖然他很矮，但是他能跑得很快.
Incorrect english:
Although he is very short, but he can run very fast.
Correct english:
Although he is very short, he can run fast
He is very short, but he can run fast.
解釋:
這里的問題是:我們可以用 although 或 but ,但不能同時用，因為這是錯誤的，其中一個就已經(jīng)表達了
“雖然...但是...”的意思。
規(guī)則是:although 比 but 更正規(guī)些。
Examples:
Although I'm tired, I still want to go out and see a movie.
I'm tired, but i still want to go out and see a movie.
Although Nancy does not like her boss, she likes going to work anyway.
Nancy does not like her boss, but she likes going to work anyway.
Although I asked him not to marry her, he did it anyway. I'm really mad at him.
I asked him not to marry her, but he did it anyway. I'm really mad at him.
Example 4:
我住在北京市，你去過西安嗎？
Incorrect English:
“I live in Beijing city. Have you ever been to Xi’an city?”
Correct English:
“I live in Beijing. Have you ever been to Xi’an ? ”
解釋：
在英語里，我們不能在一個城市名后再說“city”, 單說城市的名字聽起來最自然?！癟he city of Beijing”或者“Beijing”是正確的說法，而“Beijing city”是錯誤的。
Explanation:
We should not say the word “city” after a city’s name in English. Saying just the city name by itself sounds the most natural. “The city ofBeijing”, or just “Beijing”, is correct, but “Beijing city’’ is not correct.
Examples:
“My sister is going to take a vacation in Shanghai. She lives in Tangshan.”
“I moved from Los Angeles to Chicago last May.”
A: “ John lives in Washington. “
B: “Thestate of Washington or the city of Washington , D.C ?”
A: “The city of Washington, D. C.”
注意A:
英語中表達“某某市”的時候，其本身的名字已含有“市”字在內(nèi)。例如New York City (紐約市)，Salt Lake City (鹽湖市)，Kansas City（堪薩斯市），和Jefferson City (杰佛遜市)。當(dāng)說這些城市名時，很明顯會包括“city”一字，但這只是例外。
Note A：
There are some city names in English that include the word “city”in their names ，Examples are “New York City”，“Salt Lake City”，“Kansas City”，and“Jefferson City”，When saying the names of these cities you obviously include the word “City” , but these are exceptions。
Examples：
“I love going to the theaters and museums in New York City?！?BR> “Salt Lake City is in the state of Utah。”
注意B：
如果你想說一個市中心以外的地方，但該地從政治意義上仍屬這個市政府管轄，應(yīng)該在城市名后用“municipality”。
Note B：
If you want to talk about a place outside the city center，but the place, politically，still belongs to the city government，you should use the word “municipality” after the city’ s name。
Examples：
“I live in Beijing municipality.”
“I enjoy going to Wanxian in Chongqing municipality to see my uncle.”
Example 5:
因為他很聰明，所以他的成績總是很高。
Incorrect English：
“Because he is smart ，so his grades are always very high。”
Correct English：
“Because he is smart ，his grades are always very high?！監(jiān)R“He is smart ，so his grades are always very high?！?BR> 解釋：
這個問題與“問題3”非常類似。這種類型的句子，我們可以用“because”或“so”，但兩者不能同時出在一個句子里，其中之一既可表達“因為。。。。。。所以。。。。。?！钡囊馑?。在表達“因果關(guān)系”的句子里，用“because”的句子與用“so”的句子并沒有明顯的區(qū)別。
Explanation：
This problem is very similar to the problem in number 3。In a sentence of this kind，we can use “because”or “so”。We cannot use both words，as this is incorrect。One word is enough to convey the meaning . There is no real difference between the sentence with “because”and the sentence with “so”。
Examples：
“Because the tea is too hot，he doesn’t want to drink it?！監(jiān)R“The tea is too hot，so he doesn’t want to drink it?！?BR> “Because the Chinese economy is developing quickly，we can see rapid changes in China?！監(jiān)R “The Chinese economy is developing quickly，so we can see rapid changes in China?！?BR> 注意：
在英語中有另外一種很自然的方式表達上述類型的句子，即先說結(jié)果，再用“because”引出原因。
Note：
There is another very natural way to express this kind of sentence in English。We put the result first，insert the word “because”，and then put the reason last。
Examples：
“His grades are always very high because he is smart?！?BR> “He doesn’t want to drink the tea because it is too hot”。
“We can see rapid changes in China because the Chinese economy is developing quickly?！?