五、Read the following two passages and decide whether the statements are true or false. Mark T for true and F for false in the brackets given.（每小題1分，共10分）
Passage 1
Many countries are envious of Silicon Valley, the world center of the computer, software, and Internet industries. Silicon Valley started in the 1950s with a modest plan by Federick Terman, a far-sighted dean of Stanford’s Engineering School, to create an industrial park on unused Stanford land. A few companies accepted the offer, but the area was still sleepy and unimpressive when I first visited it in the early 60s.
The region took off in the 1970s with the development of the personal computers by Apple Computer Inc. and others, and it has exploded since then with the creation of the Internet and the enormous demand for software. Silicon Valley now employs more than 1 million people, almost 40% of whom have at least a bachelor’s degree, and more than a third are foreign-born. They are attracted by the good jobs and by the early access to frontier developments in the high-tech field.
Whatever got Silicon Valley going, its advantages in attracting quality labor venture capital multiplied as the region grew. A large pool of engineers, scientists, and software experts are available to both new and old companies. Talented individuals flock to the region not only because of generous stock options and decent pay, but also because they know they can find good jobs there if their employers fail. So while job changes are common, unemployment rates are extremely low.
Innovations and other new developments spread rapidly in Silicon Valley, in part by employees who change jobs. As Alfred Marshall, a great British economist of the late 19th century, recognized, when companies in related industries locate near each other, “the mysteries of the trade become no mysteries; but are as it were in the air.”This makes it difficult to keep secrets, but companies do get access to innovations by neighbors.
42. After ten years’ development, Silicon Valley has grown up into an industrial cluster like today. （ ）
43. With the creation of Internet, Silicon Valley faced a boom. （ ?。?BR> 44. Silicon Valley developed wholly by government support. （ ?。?BR> 45. Unemployment rates are low because workers prefer stay in a company. （ ）
46. Competition makes companies in this area grow faster by innovation. （ ?。?BR> Passage 2
Market prices move up or down (or remain the same) in response to a host of factors causing shifts in supply (the whole supply curve) or demand (the whole demand curve) or both together.
Bad weather makes prices go up —— not just the price of agricultural, but of a great many other ranging from steel to nightgowns —— because of interruption of production, breakdown in transportation, power failure, etc.
Changes in technology cause shifts in supply curves, a more efficient way of making transistors brings down the prices of calculators, computers, radios, television sets, record players, recorders. Increase in the scale of production , as we have seen, often bring down certain product prices.
Shrinking oil and mineral reserves contract supply, and prices move up. “Diseconomies” resulting from shrinking scales of production, as when the market for handmade pocketbooks, horse-drawn carriages, grandfather clocks, custom tailoring, and handmade furniture contracts, push up the price of such products not only absolutely, but relatively far above what they were in the old days, when skilled labor was cheaper and more abundant.
47. A wide variety of goods are affected by the bad weather. （ ?。?BR> 48. Improvement in technology will decrease product prices. （ ?。?BR> 49. Increase in the scale of production means “diseconomy”. （ ?。?BR> 50. Oil prices are greatly affected by its storage. （ ）
51. Few are being made and so are more expensive to make—handmade furniture is an example. （ ?。?BR> 六、Translate the following passage into Chinese.（共12分）
52. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we will be first in line for retaliation. ”
Passage 1
Many countries are envious of Silicon Valley, the world center of the computer, software, and Internet industries. Silicon Valley started in the 1950s with a modest plan by Federick Terman, a far-sighted dean of Stanford’s Engineering School, to create an industrial park on unused Stanford land. A few companies accepted the offer, but the area was still sleepy and unimpressive when I first visited it in the early 60s.
The region took off in the 1970s with the development of the personal computers by Apple Computer Inc. and others, and it has exploded since then with the creation of the Internet and the enormous demand for software. Silicon Valley now employs more than 1 million people, almost 40% of whom have at least a bachelor’s degree, and more than a third are foreign-born. They are attracted by the good jobs and by the early access to frontier developments in the high-tech field.
Whatever got Silicon Valley going, its advantages in attracting quality labor venture capital multiplied as the region grew. A large pool of engineers, scientists, and software experts are available to both new and old companies. Talented individuals flock to the region not only because of generous stock options and decent pay, but also because they know they can find good jobs there if their employers fail. So while job changes are common, unemployment rates are extremely low.
Innovations and other new developments spread rapidly in Silicon Valley, in part by employees who change jobs. As Alfred Marshall, a great British economist of the late 19th century, recognized, when companies in related industries locate near each other, “the mysteries of the trade become no mysteries; but are as it were in the air.”This makes it difficult to keep secrets, but companies do get access to innovations by neighbors.
42. After ten years’ development, Silicon Valley has grown up into an industrial cluster like today. （ ）
43. With the creation of Internet, Silicon Valley faced a boom. （ ?。?BR> 44. Silicon Valley developed wholly by government support. （ ?。?BR> 45. Unemployment rates are low because workers prefer stay in a company. （ ）
46. Competition makes companies in this area grow faster by innovation. （ ?。?BR> Passage 2
Market prices move up or down (or remain the same) in response to a host of factors causing shifts in supply (the whole supply curve) or demand (the whole demand curve) or both together.
Bad weather makes prices go up —— not just the price of agricultural, but of a great many other ranging from steel to nightgowns —— because of interruption of production, breakdown in transportation, power failure, etc.
Changes in technology cause shifts in supply curves, a more efficient way of making transistors brings down the prices of calculators, computers, radios, television sets, record players, recorders. Increase in the scale of production , as we have seen, often bring down certain product prices.
Shrinking oil and mineral reserves contract supply, and prices move up. “Diseconomies” resulting from shrinking scales of production, as when the market for handmade pocketbooks, horse-drawn carriages, grandfather clocks, custom tailoring, and handmade furniture contracts, push up the price of such products not only absolutely, but relatively far above what they were in the old days, when skilled labor was cheaper and more abundant.
47. A wide variety of goods are affected by the bad weather. （ ?。?BR> 48. Improvement in technology will decrease product prices. （ ?。?BR> 49. Increase in the scale of production means “diseconomy”. （ ?。?BR> 50. Oil prices are greatly affected by its storage. （ ）
51. Few are being made and so are more expensive to make—handmade furniture is an example. （ ?。?BR> 六、Translate the following passage into Chinese.（共12分）
52. Last year China’s trade surplus surged, buoyed by exports of toys, textiles and consumer electronics, Its trade surplus with the United States hit a record $18 billion. Only Japan’s was larger. With the U.S. Congress due to consider the renewal of China’s most-favored nation trade status in June, officials in Beijing fear the trade imbalance could surpass human rights as a source of U.S. opposition to preferred status for China. “The trade surplus itself will be the No. 1 problem this year,” says one Chinese official. “After Japan, we will be first in line for retaliation. ”