許多同學(xué)在學(xué)習(xí)復(fù)合句和特殊句式時(shí)，都會(huì)為“that”和“what”的選擇而頭疼， 感覺這兩個(gè)連接性詞語(yǔ)辨別起來(lái)“有點(diǎn)亂”。你也不妨先做一做下面幾個(gè)題，看看你能否把他們分清：
1.A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
2.Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
4.It is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
5.His plan was such a good one _________ we all agreed to accept it.
A. so B. and C. that D. as
上面5個(gè)題中的前四個(gè)題，在選項(xiàng)中都同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了what和that，如何選擇呢？
第1題為答案A?？疾槊~從句連接代詞what的運(yùn)用?！笆昵笆且黄牡氐牡胤浇ㄆ鹆艘蛔F(xiàn)代化的城市”。作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)不能用that，因?yàn)槊~從句中that不做任何成分；連接代詞what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，“是一個(gè)什么樣的地方”；
第2題為答案A?？疾槎ㄔ~從句關(guān)系代詞that的運(yùn)用，“因?yàn)橛洃洸缓?，你告訴我的，我都給忘了”。句中先行詞為“all”，that為關(guān)系代詞，意指all，在從句中做賓語(yǔ)；
第3題答案為B?？疾槊~從句從屬連詞that的運(yùn)用。“…他很得意自己是個(gè)干事的人?！标愂隽艘粋€(gè)事實(shí)，故選擇從屬連詞that
第4題為答案A?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)中的that。“It is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that (who) + 其他成分。”
第5題為答案C?？疾榻Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的從屬連詞that?！八挠?jì)劃非常好，我們都同意接受?！?BR> 從上面的分析中，我們不難看出，“that”一詞非?；钴S，在定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句中都有使用；而命題設(shè)項(xiàng)時(shí)，“what”又常常用來(lái)作為干擾，因此，要想辨清“that” 和“what”這兩個(gè)詞，突破復(fù)合句式的這個(gè)難點(diǎn)，就要注意：
一、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞中沒有what，因此要牢記what不會(huì)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
例如：
1.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A.that B.all that C.all what D.which
答案為B。這里的all是先行詞，而that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中做主語(yǔ)。許多同學(xué)將此題誤選成了C。需要注意的是，C選項(xiàng)前面要是去掉all，則變成了what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句，則就是對(duì)的了。
2.You can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷]
A. that; what B. what; /
C. which; that D. /; that
答案為B。前一個(gè)空為名詞從句連接代詞what，(從句做of的賓語(yǔ)，what又為get的賓語(yǔ))，后一個(gè)空為定語(yǔ)從句(先行詞為something，關(guān)系代詞做get的賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞省略)。
二、名詞從句中同時(shí)存在that和what這兩個(gè)連接性詞語(yǔ)，可以從其語(yǔ)法地位和意思上來(lái)辨別。
that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，沒有任何含義和語(yǔ)法作用，只是提示引導(dǎo)了名詞從句；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what的意思是“什么…”
例如：
1.The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
答案C ?！吧讲皇且郧澳莻€(gè)樣子了”。以前“什么樣”，對(duì)應(yīng)了what。
2.There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
答案A。that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句陳述事實(shí)，說的即是前面的chance，為同位語(yǔ)從句。
三、定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句中that的區(qū)別，主要看that在從句中有沒有語(yǔ)法作用。
定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以與 which 互換。同位語(yǔ)從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而如果句子是同位語(yǔ)從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞如：fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面，解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，而定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。
例如：
The football star Henry expressed the hope that he would come to visit China again in 2008.
同位語(yǔ)從句，從句就是hope的內(nèi)容；
The hope the football star Henry expressed is that he would come to visit China again in 2008.
定語(yǔ)從句，從句修飾hope，是“表達(dá)的”愿望。
再如：
1.…It's thirty years since we last met.
…But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
答案為B。同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋story。
2.I still remember the big names in the stories ______ my mother told me when I was young.
A. when B. that C. what D. where
答案為B。定語(yǔ)從句，意指stories，做told的賓語(yǔ)。
1.A modern city has been set up in ____ was a wasteland ten years ago.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
2.Because of my poor memory, all ____ you told me has been forgotten.
A. that B. which C. what D. as
3.With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased ____ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether
4.It is what you do rather than what you say _______ matters.
A. that B. what C. which D. this
5.His plan was such a good one _________ we all agreed to accept it.
A. so B. and C. that D. as
上面5個(gè)題中的前四個(gè)題，在選項(xiàng)中都同時(shí)出現(xiàn)了what和that，如何選擇呢？
第1題為答案A?？疾槊~從句連接代詞what的運(yùn)用?！笆昵笆且黄牡氐牡胤浇ㄆ鹆艘蛔F(xiàn)代化的城市”。作介詞in的賓語(yǔ)不能用that，因?yàn)槊~從句中that不做任何成分；連接代詞what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，“是一個(gè)什么樣的地方”；
第2題為答案A?？疾槎ㄔ~從句關(guān)系代詞that的運(yùn)用，“因?yàn)橛洃洸缓?，你告訴我的，我都給忘了”。句中先行詞為“all”，that為關(guān)系代詞，意指all，在從句中做賓語(yǔ)；
第3題答案為B?？疾槊~從句從屬連詞that的運(yùn)用。“…他很得意自己是個(gè)干事的人?！标愂隽艘粋€(gè)事實(shí)，故選擇從屬連詞that
第4題為答案A?？疾閺?qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)中的that。“It is (was) + 所強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分 + that (who) + 其他成分。”
第5題為答案C?？疾榻Y(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的從屬連詞that?！八挠?jì)劃非常好，我們都同意接受?！?BR> 從上面的分析中，我們不難看出，“that”一詞非?；钴S，在定語(yǔ)從句、名詞從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句中都有使用；而命題設(shè)項(xiàng)時(shí)，“what”又常常用來(lái)作為干擾，因此，要想辨清“that” 和“what”這兩個(gè)詞，突破復(fù)合句式的這個(gè)難點(diǎn)，就要注意：
一、定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞中沒有what，因此要牢記what不會(huì)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
例如：
1.The thought of going back home was kept him happy while he was working abroad.
A.that B.all that C.all what D.which
答案為B。這里的all是先行詞，而that是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中做主語(yǔ)。許多同學(xué)將此題誤選成了C。需要注意的是，C選項(xiàng)前面要是去掉all，則變成了what引導(dǎo)的名詞從句，則就是對(duì)的了。
2.You can only be sure of_____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something ___ you might get in the future. [2007 安徽卷]
A. that; what B. what; /
C. which; that D. /; that
答案為B。前一個(gè)空為名詞從句連接代詞what，(從句做of的賓語(yǔ)，what又為get的賓語(yǔ))，后一個(gè)空為定語(yǔ)從句(先行詞為something，關(guān)系代詞做get的賓語(yǔ)，關(guān)系代詞省略)。
二、名詞從句中同時(shí)存在that和what這兩個(gè)連接性詞語(yǔ)，可以從其語(yǔ)法地位和意思上來(lái)辨別。
that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，沒有任何含義和語(yǔ)法作用，只是提示引導(dǎo)了名詞從句；而what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)，在主從句中都要充當(dāng)一定的句子成分，what的意思是“什么…”
例如：
1.The mountain is no longer ____ it used to be.
A. which B. that C. what D. as
答案C ?！吧讲皇且郧澳莻€(gè)樣子了”。以前“什么樣”，對(duì)應(yīng)了what。
2.There is much chance ____ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.
A. that B. which C. until D. if
答案A。that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句陳述事實(shí)，說的即是前面的chance，為同位語(yǔ)從句。
三、定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句中that的區(qū)別，主要看that在從句中有沒有語(yǔ)法作用。
定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞that在句中做賓語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)，有時(shí)可以與 which 互換。同位語(yǔ)從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分；而如果句子是同位語(yǔ)從句，就應(yīng)用連詞that而不能用which。同位語(yǔ)從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞如：fact、suggestion、truth、possibility、idea等后面，解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，而定語(yǔ)從句只是對(duì)先行詞的限定和修飾。
例如：
The football star Henry expressed the hope that he would come to visit China again in 2008.
同位語(yǔ)從句，從句就是hope的內(nèi)容；
The hope the football star Henry expressed is that he would come to visit China again in 2008.
定語(yǔ)從句，從句修飾hope，是“表達(dá)的”愿望。
再如：
1.…It's thirty years since we last met.
…But I still remember the story, believe it or not, ____ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that C. what D. when
答案為B。同位語(yǔ)從句，解釋story。
2.I still remember the big names in the stories ______ my mother told me when I was young.
A. when B. that C. what D. where
答案為B。定語(yǔ)從句，意指stories，做told的賓語(yǔ)。