策略二、把握作者意圖
每一篇文章都有其寫(xiě)作目的。那么作者是如何在文章中體現(xiàn)自己的思想呢？他通過(guò)哪些語(yǔ)言向讀者傳達(dá)了自己的感受呢？我們?cè)陂喿x的同時(shí)怎樣收集、綜合各種信息，體會(huì)作者的情感呢？了解這些有助于我們?cè)谧鲩喿x理解題時(shí)把握作者思路，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章內(nèi)涵，做出正確的選擇。要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們需要從兩個(gè)方面入手：一是把握作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，二是把握出題的角度。下面我們就分別分析一下。
一、對(duì)于寫(xiě)作意圖的把握
有的文章只是客觀地介紹一件事或物，或各方觀點(diǎn)，作者不發(fā)表自己個(gè)人的意見(jiàn)，如一些科技文，新聞事件報(bào)道等。這樣的文章屬于“廣而告知型”。要根據(jù)客觀事實(shí)答題，一是一，二是二，凡與事實(shí)不符的選項(xiàng)，或文中沒(méi)有提到的事實(shí)，當(dāng)然都是不能選的。這樣的題目難度一般都不會(huì)很大。最難于駕馭的是一些故事性、情感經(jīng)歷性的文章。因?yàn)樽髡咴谛形臅r(shí)會(huì)用到一些寫(xiě)作手法，如倒敘、插敘等。往往還會(huì)有一些思想、情感的波動(dòng)。這就需要我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)認(rèn)真把握，細(xì)心體會(huì)。
1.注意連接詞的使用：Near the end of the last year in middle school，my dad took me to the wildlife refuge.He needed to get some aligator blood to do the experiment.At first，I thought fishing for alligators was a bad idea.What if one tried to eat me？But we had a lot of help，and my dad knew a lot about alligators，so it was OK.
通過(guò)第一句可知這是倒敘。我們知道了結(jié)果：作者去了野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。接下來(lái)是作者當(dāng)初由反感、害怕到最后打消顧慮同意去。都是通過(guò)連接詞at first，but，so等展開(kāi)的。所設(shè)題目是：
Why did the writer think that fishing for aligators was a bad idea at first？
A.Because the writer was afraid of the fierce alligators
B.Because we should protect alligators
C.Because the writer was not as brave as his father
D.Because the writer knew little about alligators
弄清了作者的思想波動(dòng)就不難選出正確答案A了。
2.注意一些形容詞及某些特定句式的使用：透過(guò)一些形容詞可以看出作者的傾向，如：Isn't that wonderful if we get there by air？(作者希望坐飛機(jī)去那里。)
某些句型表面看上去是比較級(jí)，而實(shí)際上是級(jí)含義。My mother decided to take me on the trip.It couldn't be better.(It couldn't be better=It's great.意為“太好了”)
某些否定形式的句子實(shí)際上是肯定含義：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much.(再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性也不過(guò)分。)作者以這樣的句子體現(xiàn)自己的觀點(diǎn)：必須加大力度保護(hù)環(huán)境。
注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。How I wish I had passed the driving test.(我多么希望已通過(guò)了駕照考試呀！)此句暗含的事實(shí)是：并沒(méi)通過(guò)考試。
3.將自己想象為故事中的主人公，體會(huì)其心理感受
有一篇文章，寫(xiě)一個(gè)老太太剛剛在海邊買了一座
別墅，打算在那里度過(guò)余生。因?yàn)槟抢锏臍夂驖駶?rùn)溫暖，更適合她的健康。此時(shí)她站在曾經(jīng)生活了25年的房子里，最后環(huán)顧這曾經(jīng)裝載了她的大半生的房子。所給的問(wèn)題是：How does the old lady feel at the last moment in her old house？正確答案是：Her feeling is complex.其他的選項(xiàng)如She is happy/She is sad等都片面。只要我們?cè)O(shè)身處地站在老太太的位置上想一想，就不難找到正確答案。
4.把握全篇文脈，仔細(xì)揣摩事情發(fā)生的背景
我們不僅要掌握一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，還需要平時(shí)儲(chǔ)備一定的邏輯推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知識(shí)，才能完全領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的主旨或者其所滲透出的幽默感。請(qǐng)看下面這篇介紹父子關(guān)系的文章。第一句話就開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山：My father and I were very close.He was always proud of my success.然后用一個(gè)事例說(shuō)明：If I won a spelling contest at school，he was on top of the world.如果知道be on top of the world是“高興至極”的意思，也只是理解了語(yǔ)言的表層含義。接下來(lái)：When I was named President of the Ford Motor Company，I didn't know which of us was more excited.正確理解了上文的鋪墊，才會(huì)真正領(lǐng)會(huì)此句暗含的意味及幽默：實(shí)際上父親比我還高興。如果對(duì)西方人的生活方式及習(xí)慣比較了解的話，也不難接受下面的句子：I hugged and kissed my dad at every opportunity———nothing could have felt more natural.我們?cè)賮?lái)繼續(xù)欣賞一下父親鮮明的個(gè)性：My father was a curious man who was always trying new things.He was the first person in my town to buy a motorcycle.Unfortunately，my father and his motorcycle didn't get along too well.He fell off it so often that he got rid of it just a month after buying it.As a result，he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels.讀懂了這些，就不難理解下文中為什么父親不讓“我”擁有一輛自行車，反而當(dāng)“我”剛滿16歲就讓我開(kāi)車了。正確理解了文章的來(lái)龍去脈及內(nèi)涵，對(duì)于文后題目的處理也就會(huì)輕而易舉了。
二、對(duì)于出題意圖的把握
1.正確理解一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面
有些題目不是直接照搬原文的話，而是用一些另外的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出同樣的意思，因此我們必須掌握用英文解釋英文的技能。如一篇介紹輟學(xué)學(xué)生的文章，文章先后兩次談到學(xué)生輟學(xué)后的感想。第一次：Most students who dropped out of school in the United States admit they made a mistake by giving up and some say they might have stayed if classes were more chalenging.
第二次：three out of four said if they could turn back the clock they would choose to stay.文后的題目是Which of the folowing is right according to the passage？正確答案是：Most dropout students hope to go back to school if possible.雖然
原文沒(méi)有像題目這樣明確說(shuō)明，但其實(shí)這是一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面；對(duì)于輟學(xué)的后悔其實(shí)就是希望繼續(xù)上學(xué)。通過(guò)正確推斷這些文句的含義，即可找出正確答案。
2.以文章內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行判斷
有些題目要根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容來(lái)判斷正誤，這就需要按作者的思路去考慮，站在作者或文章內(nèi)容中出現(xiàn)的人物的立場(chǎng)上予以辨析，不能依據(jù)自己的喜好或認(rèn)知判斷
每一篇文章都有其寫(xiě)作目的。那么作者是如何在文章中體現(xiàn)自己的思想呢？他通過(guò)哪些語(yǔ)言向讀者傳達(dá)了自己的感受呢？我們?cè)陂喿x的同時(shí)怎樣收集、綜合各種信息，體會(huì)作者的情感呢？了解這些有助于我們?cè)谧鲩喿x理解題時(shí)把握作者思路，領(lǐng)會(huì)文章內(nèi)涵，做出正確的選擇。要做到這一點(diǎn)，我們需要從兩個(gè)方面入手：一是把握作者的寫(xiě)作意圖，二是把握出題的角度。下面我們就分別分析一下。
一、對(duì)于寫(xiě)作意圖的把握
有的文章只是客觀地介紹一件事或物，或各方觀點(diǎn)，作者不發(fā)表自己個(gè)人的意見(jiàn)，如一些科技文，新聞事件報(bào)道等。這樣的文章屬于“廣而告知型”。要根據(jù)客觀事實(shí)答題，一是一，二是二，凡與事實(shí)不符的選項(xiàng)，或文中沒(méi)有提到的事實(shí)，當(dāng)然都是不能選的。這樣的題目難度一般都不會(huì)很大。最難于駕馭的是一些故事性、情感經(jīng)歷性的文章。因?yàn)樽髡咴谛形臅r(shí)會(huì)用到一些寫(xiě)作手法，如倒敘、插敘等。往往還會(huì)有一些思想、情感的波動(dòng)。這就需要我們?cè)陂喿x時(shí)認(rèn)真把握，細(xì)心體會(huì)。
1.注意連接詞的使用：Near the end of the last year in middle school，my dad took me to the wildlife refuge.He needed to get some aligator blood to do the experiment.At first，I thought fishing for alligators was a bad idea.What if one tried to eat me？But we had a lot of help，and my dad knew a lot about alligators，so it was OK.
通過(guò)第一句可知這是倒敘。我們知道了結(jié)果：作者去了野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)區(qū)。接下來(lái)是作者當(dāng)初由反感、害怕到最后打消顧慮同意去。都是通過(guò)連接詞at first，but，so等展開(kāi)的。所設(shè)題目是：
Why did the writer think that fishing for aligators was a bad idea at first？
A.Because the writer was afraid of the fierce alligators
B.Because we should protect alligators
C.Because the writer was not as brave as his father
D.Because the writer knew little about alligators
弄清了作者的思想波動(dòng)就不難選出正確答案A了。
2.注意一些形容詞及某些特定句式的使用：透過(guò)一些形容詞可以看出作者的傾向，如：Isn't that wonderful if we get there by air？(作者希望坐飛機(jī)去那里。)
某些句型表面看上去是比較級(jí)，而實(shí)際上是級(jí)含義。My mother decided to take me on the trip.It couldn't be better.(It couldn't be better=It's great.意為“太好了”)
某些否定形式的句子實(shí)際上是肯定含義：We cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much.(再怎么強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)環(huán)境的重要性也不過(guò)分。)作者以這樣的句子體現(xiàn)自己的觀點(diǎn)：必須加大力度保護(hù)環(huán)境。
注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣的使用。How I wish I had passed the driving test.(我多么希望已通過(guò)了駕照考試呀！)此句暗含的事實(shí)是：并沒(méi)通過(guò)考試。
3.將自己想象為故事中的主人公，體會(huì)其心理感受
有一篇文章，寫(xiě)一個(gè)老太太剛剛在海邊買了一座
別墅，打算在那里度過(guò)余生。因?yàn)槟抢锏臍夂驖駶?rùn)溫暖，更適合她的健康。此時(shí)她站在曾經(jīng)生活了25年的房子里，最后環(huán)顧這曾經(jīng)裝載了她的大半生的房子。所給的問(wèn)題是：How does the old lady feel at the last moment in her old house？正確答案是：Her feeling is complex.其他的選項(xiàng)如She is happy/She is sad等都片面。只要我們?cè)O(shè)身處地站在老太太的位置上想一想，就不難找到正確答案。
4.把握全篇文脈，仔細(xì)揣摩事情發(fā)生的背景
我們不僅要掌握一定的語(yǔ)言知識(shí)，還需要平時(shí)儲(chǔ)備一定的邏輯推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知識(shí)，才能完全領(lǐng)會(huì)文章的主旨或者其所滲透出的幽默感。請(qǐng)看下面這篇介紹父子關(guān)系的文章。第一句話就開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山：My father and I were very close.He was always proud of my success.然后用一個(gè)事例說(shuō)明：If I won a spelling contest at school，he was on top of the world.如果知道be on top of the world是“高興至極”的意思，也只是理解了語(yǔ)言的表層含義。接下來(lái)：When I was named President of the Ford Motor Company，I didn't know which of us was more excited.正確理解了上文的鋪墊，才會(huì)真正領(lǐng)會(huì)此句暗含的意味及幽默：實(shí)際上父親比我還高興。如果對(duì)西方人的生活方式及習(xí)慣比較了解的話，也不難接受下面的句子：I hugged and kissed my dad at every opportunity———nothing could have felt more natural.我們?cè)賮?lái)繼續(xù)欣賞一下父親鮮明的個(gè)性：My father was a curious man who was always trying new things.He was the first person in my town to buy a motorcycle.Unfortunately，my father and his motorcycle didn't get along too well.He fell off it so often that he got rid of it just a month after buying it.As a result，he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels.讀懂了這些，就不難理解下文中為什么父親不讓“我”擁有一輛自行車，反而當(dāng)“我”剛滿16歲就讓我開(kāi)車了。正確理解了文章的來(lái)龍去脈及內(nèi)涵，對(duì)于文后題目的處理也就會(huì)輕而易舉了。
二、對(duì)于出題意圖的把握
1.正確理解一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面
有些題目不是直接照搬原文的話，而是用一些另外的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)出同樣的意思，因此我們必須掌握用英文解釋英文的技能。如一篇介紹輟學(xué)學(xué)生的文章，文章先后兩次談到學(xué)生輟學(xué)后的感想。第一次：Most students who dropped out of school in the United States admit they made a mistake by giving up and some say they might have stayed if classes were more chalenging.
第二次：three out of four said if they could turn back the clock they would choose to stay.文后的題目是Which of the folowing is right according to the passage？正確答案是：Most dropout students hope to go back to school if possible.雖然
原文沒(méi)有像題目這樣明確說(shuō)明，但其實(shí)這是一個(gè)事物的兩個(gè)方面；對(duì)于輟學(xué)的后悔其實(shí)就是希望繼續(xù)上學(xué)。通過(guò)正確推斷這些文句的含義，即可找出正確答案。
2.以文章內(nèi)容為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行判斷
有些題目要根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容來(lái)判斷正誤，這就需要按作者的思路去考慮，站在作者或文章內(nèi)容中出現(xiàn)的人物的立場(chǎng)上予以辨析，不能依據(jù)自己的喜好或認(rèn)知判斷