[每日閱讀]“定語(yǔ)從句”用法小結(jié)

字號(hào):

概念]
    在復(fù)合句中,修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句;被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞;定語(yǔ)從句必須放在先行詞之后;引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)聯(lián)詞。如:
    [關(guān)聯(lián)詞]
    常見(jiàn)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom,whose和關(guān)系副詞where,when,why等。
    [種類(lèi)]
    1.由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
    一般情況下that可指人或物,可以代替who,whom和which,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),但不能作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:
    The comrade that(who)is speaking at the meeting is an advanced worker.正在會(huì)上講話的那個(gè)同志是個(gè)先進(jìn)工人。
    Is this the doctor that(whom)you talked about yesterday?這就是你們昨天談?wù)摰哪俏会t(yī)生嗎?
    The letter that(which)I received yesterday was from my father.昨天我收到的信是我父親寄來(lái)的。
    2.由who,whom和whose引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
    who在從句中作主語(yǔ),whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ),whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如:
    This is the thief who stole my bike.這就是偷我自行車(chē)的那個(gè)賊。
    He is the boy whom you wanted to find.他就是你想要找的那個(gè)男孩。
    The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside.?huà)寢屖莻€(gè)醫(yī)生的那個(gè)女孩在外面等你。
    3.由which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
    which指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。如:
    The book which Mum bought me last week is called“Red Star Over China”.?huà)寢屔现苜I(mǎi)給我的那本書(shū)名叫《西行漫記》。
    The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum.魯迅曾經(jīng)住過(guò)的那所房子現(xiàn)在是魯迅博物館。
    4.由where,when和why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句
    where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),when在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),why在從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。如:
    I will never forget the day when I joined the League.我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我入團(tuán)的那一天。
    He will go back to the school where he studied next week.下周他要回到他曾經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的學(xué)校。
    I don't know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin.我不知道他同張琳吵架的原因。
    [注意點(diǎn)]
    關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞常省去。如:The play(which)I watched just now had been on twice on Channel 3.我剛才看的那個(gè)戲劇在3頻道上已上演了兩次。