[每日閱讀]同位語從句用法小結(jié)2

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四、同位語從句的語氣
    在suggestion,advice,request,order等意為“建議;命令;要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動詞通常用“should +動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),句中的should可以省略。例如:
    Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer. 老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。
    The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted. 采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來的。
    The government gave the order that all these houses(should)be pulled down in three weeks. 政府下令三個星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。
    五、同位語從句與定語從句的用法區(qū)別
    區(qū)別(1)
    同位語從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系;而定語從句是用來修飾先行詞,是從屬的關(guān)系。
    區(qū)別(2)
    that在同位語從句中沒有詞義,不充當(dāng)句子成分;而在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語等句子成分。
    區(qū)別(3)
    whether,what,how可以用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句;而它們不能用來引導(dǎo)定語從句。
    區(qū)別(4)
    1. 從詞義角度看問題
    who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)同位語從句是保持原來疑問詞的含義;它們用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時,不具有疑問詞的含義。
    2. 從搭配角度看問題
    who,whom,which,when,where,why用來引導(dǎo)定語從句時對應(yīng)性很強(qiáng),如:
    先行詞是“人”,引導(dǎo)詞用“who”等,而它們引導(dǎo)同位語從句是先行詞通常是“question,idea,doubt等”。
    六、典型例題
    例1:I have no idea when he will be back.
    析:he will be back意義不完整,應(yīng)加“什么時候”的含義才能表達(dá)idea的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
    例2:I have no impression how he went home,perhaps by bike.
    析:he went home意義不完整,應(yīng)加“如何”的含義才能表達(dá)impression的全部內(nèi)容,因此應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)同位語從句。
    例3:Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海)
    A.while B.that C.when D.as
    析:答案為B.more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities是Information的內(nèi)容,且Information不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:
    It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities,this is the information ____ has been put forward.
    A.what B.that C.when D.as
    析:答案為B.that has been put forward為information的修飾性定語,且information在從句中作主語,所以該句為定語從句。
    例4:She heard a terrible noise,____ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)
    A.it B.which C.this D.that
    析:答案為B.分析語境含義、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句子成分可知,該句為非限制性定語從句,先行詞為a terrible noise,且它在從句中作主語。應(yīng)將該句區(qū)別于:
    I can’t stand the terrible noise ____ she is crying loudly.
    A.it B.which C.this D.that
    析:答案為D.she is crying loudly是the terrible noise的內(nèi)容,且the terrible noise不在從句中作成分,所以該句為同位語從句。