新頒布的普通高中《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（實驗稿）》明確指出，寫作的目的是通過對學(xué)生激活靈感、激發(fā)興趣、整理思路、組織素材、規(guī)劃結(jié)構(gòu)、譴詞造句等基本寫作技能的培養(yǎng)，使他們能表達事實、觀點、情感、想象力、交流信息，培養(yǎng)規(guī)范的寫作習(xí)慣……。與以往的《英語教學(xué)大綱》中規(guī)定的能在日常生活中，寫簡單的書信和通知，書寫格式和行文，以及詞語無嚴(yán)重錯誤的要求相比，新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的寫作要求提高了一個新的層次，更加突出了對某篇布局、譴詞造句、情感表達的要求。本文根據(jù)高考英語對寫作的新要求，談?wù)劔@得高分的高考英語書面表達的五大特性。
一、條理性
條理性是指要合理布局文章結(jié)構(gòu)，首先，在文章思路、組織材料、敘述順序等方面要有條理性。例如：題目要求寫一篇敘述文，可以按照事情發(fā)展的先后順序來寫;若介紹某一場所，可按照空間順序來安排行文順序；若是一篇議論文，就應(yīng)該按照所議論觀點的順序來安排結(jié)構(gòu)。全文應(yīng)首尾呼應(yīng)，前后相聯(lián)。其次，根據(jù)需要安排好段落、各段之間要層次分明，每一段落的開頭和結(jié)尾也要重視，開頭語往往是起始句，結(jié)尾往往是總結(jié)句。
例如：2001年高考英語書面表達范文：
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don't know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons. In the eveningsI can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes!
Yours
Li Hua
二、準(zhǔn)確性
準(zhǔn)確性是指要求寫出語法正確的句子，包括時態(tài)、語態(tài)、用詞和句法等，但是不少考生由于受漢語思維習(xí)慣的影響，在寫作時不自覺地產(chǎn)生不規(guī)范的表達。要做到準(zhǔn)確、地道地表達文章，首先要牢記掌握一些常用句型和習(xí)慣表達方式，避免中文式英語，在實踐中不斷總結(jié)英漢表達差異，培養(yǎng)用英語思維寫作的習(xí)慣。試體會下面句子在漢英表達上的差異。
（1）我在報紙上看到一則消息。
錯誤表達：I saw an news on newspaper.
修改：I learnt (read) a piece of news from the newspaper.
（2）現(xiàn)在我詳細(xì)給你介紹一下屋子的情況。
不規(guī)范表達：Now I will introduce the room to you carefully.
修改：Now Let me give you a detailed description of the room .(NMET03范文)
（3）工人們熱烈歡迎我們參觀農(nóng)場。
錯誤表達：The workers welcomed us to visit the farm.
修改：The farm workers gave us a warm welcome.
(NMET98) 其次，要多讀多背，在精讀中汲取營養(yǎng)，對于好的表達方式要好背誦下來，適時用于寫作訓(xùn)練中。其中，英語中的一些常識性語句就是非常典型的背誦材料。如：
寫通知時，開頭語：Attention, please/May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
結(jié)尾語：Don’t forget the date and the address/ I’m sure you’ll have a lot of fun/That’s all. Thank you.
在寫參觀歡迎詞時，開頭語：Welcome to our city/school/farm/ Now let me tell you something about our city/school/farm.
結(jié)尾語：I’m sure you’ll have a good/wonderful time/That’s all. Thank you.
寫書信時，開頭語：I’m glad to hear from you/ How nice to hear from you again/I’m writing to tell you something about…/How are you getting along with your studies/work? /I really don’t know how to tank you for your…
結(jié)尾語：Please give my best regards to…. /I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon/Remember me to your parents.
正確牢記這些慣用語，無疑可以增添句子表達的準(zhǔn)確性，減少不必要的錯誤，從而提高書面表達的檔次。
三、流暢性
流暢性是指根據(jù)文章表達的需要，語句之間采用不同的連接手段，以使文章層次清晰，行文連貫。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語就是常用的連接手段之一。
1.表示平行、對等或選擇關(guān)系 and, both…and, as well as, neither…nor, also, not only…but also
2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but, yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, although, though, otherwise, while, instead
3.表示對比關(guān)系on the contrary, instead of, on the other hand, just like, unlike
4.表示因果關(guān)系so, for, therefore, as a result, because, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of
5.表示時間、順序關(guān)系shortly after, first, second, then, next, finally, for one thing, for another thing, in the end, eventually
6.表示遞進、強調(diào)關(guān)系besides, furthermore, what’s more, in addition, moreover, worse still, to make things worse, above all
7.表示解釋、說明關(guān)系namely, actually, such as, for example (instance), that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the truth, according to this
8.表示結(jié)論in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, as far as I know, on the whole
這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞的恰當(dāng)使用無疑會使全文過渡自然，令讀者對后續(xù)的句子產(chǎn)生心理的期待和準(zhǔn)備，增強句子間的邏輯性和緊湊性。本文前面所舉的2001年高考英語書面表達范文，就恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧嗽S多關(guān)聯(lián)詞語（見范文劃線部分）。
一、條理性
條理性是指要合理布局文章結(jié)構(gòu)，首先，在文章思路、組織材料、敘述順序等方面要有條理性。例如：題目要求寫一篇敘述文，可以按照事情發(fā)展的先后順序來寫;若介紹某一場所，可按照空間順序來安排行文順序；若是一篇議論文，就應(yīng)該按照所議論觀點的順序來安排結(jié)構(gòu)。全文應(yīng)首尾呼應(yīng)，前后相聯(lián)。其次，根據(jù)需要安排好段落、各段之間要層次分明，每一段落的開頭和結(jié)尾也要重視，開頭語往往是起始句，結(jié)尾往往是總結(jié)句。
例如：2001年高考英語書面表達范文：
Dear Dick,
How nice to hear from you again. You want to know what is going on in schools in China. In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don't know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well. Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests such as reading books, visiting museums and taking computer lessons. In the eveningsI can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What's more, I can go to bed earlier. As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.
Best wishes!
Yours
Li Hua
二、準(zhǔn)確性
準(zhǔn)確性是指要求寫出語法正確的句子，包括時態(tài)、語態(tài)、用詞和句法等，但是不少考生由于受漢語思維習(xí)慣的影響，在寫作時不自覺地產(chǎn)生不規(guī)范的表達。要做到準(zhǔn)確、地道地表達文章，首先要牢記掌握一些常用句型和習(xí)慣表達方式，避免中文式英語，在實踐中不斷總結(jié)英漢表達差異，培養(yǎng)用英語思維寫作的習(xí)慣。試體會下面句子在漢英表達上的差異。
（1）我在報紙上看到一則消息。
錯誤表達：I saw an news on newspaper.
修改：I learnt (read) a piece of news from the newspaper.
（2）現(xiàn)在我詳細(xì)給你介紹一下屋子的情況。
不規(guī)范表達：Now I will introduce the room to you carefully.
修改：Now Let me give you a detailed description of the room .(NMET03范文)
（3）工人們熱烈歡迎我們參觀農(nóng)場。
錯誤表達：The workers welcomed us to visit the farm.
修改：The farm workers gave us a warm welcome.
(NMET98) 其次，要多讀多背，在精讀中汲取營養(yǎng)，對于好的表達方式要好背誦下來，適時用于寫作訓(xùn)練中。其中，英語中的一些常識性語句就是非常典型的背誦材料。如：
寫通知時，開頭語：Attention, please/May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
結(jié)尾語：Don’t forget the date and the address/ I’m sure you’ll have a lot of fun/That’s all. Thank you.
在寫參觀歡迎詞時，開頭語：Welcome to our city/school/farm/ Now let me tell you something about our city/school/farm.
結(jié)尾語：I’m sure you’ll have a good/wonderful time/That’s all. Thank you.
寫書信時，開頭語：I’m glad to hear from you/ How nice to hear from you again/I’m writing to tell you something about…/How are you getting along with your studies/work? /I really don’t know how to tank you for your…
結(jié)尾語：Please give my best regards to…. /I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon/Remember me to your parents.
正確牢記這些慣用語，無疑可以增添句子表達的準(zhǔn)確性，減少不必要的錯誤，從而提高書面表達的檔次。
三、流暢性
流暢性是指根據(jù)文章表達的需要，語句之間采用不同的連接手段，以使文章層次清晰，行文連貫。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語就是常用的連接手段之一。
1.表示平行、對等或選擇關(guān)系 and, both…and, as well as, neither…nor, also, not only…but also
2.表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but, yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, although, though, otherwise, while, instead
3.表示對比關(guān)系on the contrary, instead of, on the other hand, just like, unlike
4.表示因果關(guān)系so, for, therefore, as a result, because, owing to, due to, thanks to, on account of
5.表示時間、順序關(guān)系shortly after, first, second, then, next, finally, for one thing, for another thing, in the end, eventually
6.表示遞進、強調(diào)關(guān)系besides, furthermore, what’s more, in addition, moreover, worse still, to make things worse, above all
7.表示解釋、說明關(guān)系namely, actually, such as, for example (instance), that is to say, in other words, and so on, to tell you the truth, according to this
8.表示結(jié)論in short, in brief, in a word, in general, as you know, as far as I know, on the whole
這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞的恰當(dāng)使用無疑會使全文過渡自然，令讀者對后續(xù)的句子產(chǎn)生心理的期待和準(zhǔn)備，增強句子間的邏輯性和緊湊性。本文前面所舉的2001年高考英語書面表達范文，就恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂昧嗽S多關(guān)聯(lián)詞語（見范文劃線部分）。