我每天帶上一門的書與講義,搖搖晃晃的擠地鐵,再擠電梯,一門一門KEY著,有同事路過總會驚訝的說,咦,你怎么還在寫這個啊?
周圍的每一個沒有過CPA的人都在看書,特投入,特安靜,除了我,魚對我說,我覺得你還沉浸在ACCA過了的喜悅中,我說不是。我在打這些的時候,倒是充滿了回憶知識的痛苦呵呵,走上ACCA的路只是一個契機,這個契機給了我很多,也讓我失去了很多,我想當青春背上一個重擔時,腳步難免躑躅,只是在結束的那一刻,我總想留下些什么,給自己的這段路做個交代。
開始3.7吧,還是以REVISION上面的分類整理
這門初看的時候覺得很復雜,因為涉及到很多金融工具,投資融資及期貨期權的問題,在工作中基本接觸不到,而且這門基本上是CORE PAPER中做低的一門。復習下來會發(fā)現(xiàn),題目都會很典型,把題型摸透了,還是比較容易上手。因為我在看題目的時候,會把當時看下來的感受寫在題目旁邊,所以我會把我當初看的時候覺得思路特清楚可以多看看的的幾道題標出來,簡稱清楚題:)
幾個重點理論:NPV,discount rates, free cash flows, CAPM, portfolio theory.
A Objectives and strategy formulation
清楚題 04/6 Wurrall:很清楚,蠻全的,可以多看幾次
99/6 Hanme: APPENDIX的計算可以再看看,用來練手
01/12 Wickern:挺清楚的,可以再看
03/12 Snowwell: 挺清楚的,可以再看
關于財務戰(zhàn)略的題,以前的考試也都考過,但現(xiàn)在多些文字,再多些RATE的計算,拿下:)
Turnover
(operating costs before depreciation)
Balance
(Tax allowable depreciation)
Earning before interest and tax
(Net interest payable)
Profit on ordinary activities before tax
(Tax on ordinary activities)
Profit after tax
(Dividends)
Amount transferred to reserves
會要求寫假設
再寫假設的局限
其實這樣的題型比較完整的應該是出現(xiàn)在PART E里,我再后面會再提及,這個部分還是比較側重于財務管理的一些常規(guī)公式:profitability, gearing, liquidity ,working capital, stock market
B Investment decisions and risk analysis
清楚題 99/6 Tovell: APPENDIX的計算可以再看看
00/12 Fuelit:挺好的,弄明白了,看看
04/6 Zendeck:純關于WACC
03/6 Hasder: 多看看,與98/6Phantom放在一起看,理解公式
04/12 Trosoft:挺好,多看看,APV
簡單整理:
⑴Time value of money: FV=PV*(1+n)n
⑵Discount factor:題目給,或者(1+r)-n
⑶Annuities:
PV of deferred annuity=annual cash flow*annuity factor*PV factor
⑷Perpetuities:
PV of a perpeturity=P0=annual cash flow/discount rate
⑸NPV:
時間1 時間2 時間3時間4
Receipts:
Payments:
(wages)
(materials)
(variable/fixed overheads)
(administration/distribution expenses)
(capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation)
Taxable profits(EBIT)
(Tax)
Add back: capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation
(initial outlay)
NRV
Working capital 0-/n+
Net cash flow
Discount rate
PV
NPV
Free cash flows=EBIT(1-t)+capital investment+/-change in WC
可考慮的factor: social responsibility, risk, technical, economic, fiscal, CAPM limitation, reliability, sensitivity analysis,
未來的現(xiàn)金流不包括沉沒成本,非現(xiàn)金支出(折舊等),在做決定前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的費用支出等。
⑹Fisher equation: (1+money rate)=(1+real rate)*(1+general inflation rate)
⑺WACC= Ke*E+ Kd(1-t)*D
E+D E+D
注意其他的相關公式如Ke \Kd \real rate的計算及相關的assumption: inflation rate 等等
⑻EVA=NOPAT-capital employed*cost of capital
注意EVA的優(yōu)缺點
⑼Dividend valuation model: P0=D0(1+g)
Ke-g
注意相關的assumption
⑽the returns on a two-asset portfolio: Rp=RaXa+ RbXb
the risk on a two-asset portfolio:δp=√δ2aX2+δ2b(1-x)2+2x(1-x)Pabδaδb
correlation coefficient=COVab/δaδb
⑾Modigliani and Miller’s theory: MVg= MVu + Dt
⑿CAPM: required return=risk free return+ systematic risk premium
注意assumption/limitation
⒀the arbitrage price model
⒁APV:Base case NPV
(Issue costs)
PV of the tax shield
PV of interest savings on subsidized loan
APV
C Corporate expansion and reorganization
清楚題 03/12 Megasal: APPENDIX可以看看
01/6 Laceto
00/6 Romage
03/6 Evertalk
Advantage/disadvantage/who benefits/financial aspects
The max sum pay for a target company: PV of target company cash flow+ synergy\ Synergy: economies of scale/scope/vertical integration, operating, head office,
management, financial tax shield, market power
Problem to achieve Synergy
Methods: cash/equity shares/preference shares/loan stock
Regulation of takeovers
Defend against a takeover bid: pre-bid/post bid
P/E ratio/dividend valuation model\
D Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
清楚題 00/6 Retilon: 此題后附解題思路(helping hand),蠻清楚的,掌握方法
02/6 NTC:結合上題所附方法,多做幾遍
02/12 與上題同理,結合看
99/12 HYK 思路很清楚,用來加強鞏固
01/12 Shawter 三種避險工具的利弊,挺好的
Foreign exchange risk: transaction risk/economic risk/translation risk
Hedge避險工具: Forward market/ Money market/Futures/currency options
這部分題型比較固定,但也比較容易記亂了,多練練就好,就把每個類型中我復習時覺得比較特別的點拎出來
Forward market:payment:找最小的rate/receipts:找的rate
左買右賣
Money market:
payment: invest foreign currency
invested amount + interest on investment =payment required
receipt: borrow foreign currency
borrowed amount + interest on borrowing =receipt expected
Futures/option這個就是傳說中的期貨期權拉:
Buy for payment ,sell for receipt
Unhedged
Tick size: contract size*0.0001
Basis
時間系數(shù)
Futures大致步驟:buy or sell
Number of contracts
Choose a date
Calculate profit or loss
Conclusion
option大致步驟:Number of contracts
Calls or puts?
Contracts costs
Hedge outcome
interest rate risk: fixed rate loan/variable rate loan
Hedge: forward rate agreement/interest rate
guarantees/interest rate futures/exchange traded interest rate options
Futures: buy a future—deposit money
sell a future—borrow money
basis risk
options: buy: buy the right to buy or buy the right to sell
call: right to buy the futures
put: right to sell the futures
deposits-- buy the futures—buy calls
loan-- sell the futures—buy puts
每種避險工具的advantage/disadvantage
SWAP: interest SWAP/currency SWAP
Advantage/risk
這部分我一直也不太明白,但也會一直考到,找些典型題,硬著頭皮做吧~
Black scholes option pricing model:去年REVISION上52-55題都與此有關
E The global environment
清楚題 pilot Novoroast:此題關于limitation,other factor蠻完整的
03/12 Avto: 后面的分析好好看看,架構,格式,結尾
02/12 Intergrand:看看,模式蠻不一樣,比較怪
DCF appraisal基本格式:
YEAR
Total contribution需要計算的
(Fixed costs(with inflation))
(Tax allowable depreciation)
Taxable profit
(Tax)
Add back depreciation
Net after-tax cash flow from operations
Investment cash flows
(Land and buildings)關注末年的回轉
(Plant and machinery)
(Working capital)掌握計算
Cash remittable from/to **
Exchange rate 掌握計算
**cash remittable
Contribution from sale
(Tax on contribution)
(additional tax)
Net cash flow
Discount factor掌握計算
PV
NPV
注意PPPT,real option,兩國所得稅差額的補足等
注意分析的assumption, limitation
文字題結合案例,主要關注的為海外投資各種方法的優(yōu)缺點,可行性,限制,對策等,有套路可循,思路開闊些。
F Corporate dividend policy
01/02年考過,考的不多
3.7基本上就到這里了,打的一身汗。
在回憶的這三天里,我腦海里出現(xiàn)無數(shù)的畫面,曾經(jīng)為復習,爬到圖書館頂樓搶位子,看著從外面射進來的陽光一點點暗下去心也一點點的沉下去;復習到一半偷偷跑出去打球,然后買杯綠豆湯在球場一坐兩個小時,看著還有從ACCA書里逃出來的姐妹在場子上叫喊;和鳴還有鈺上自習到10:30然后一起回宿舍,也許還會繞到飲亭買香腸或者雞汁鹵干;考試前兩星期發(fā)消息問淮哥一個名詞的意思,然后被他狂鄙視;不會做的題目,把茂哥招到教室里來讓他一道一道的說給我聽,然后再鄙視他把題目挖的那么深;在畢業(yè)最后的日子里,身邊所有的人瘋了般過著頹廢的生活,我拿著一把荔枝找到自己的自習教室再去找也在上自習的慶偉兄還有高華兄,10:30后回宿舍拿個蘋果再奔到通宵教室。
我考1.1的時候,緊張到給洲打長途電話,是她給了我最初的信心,最后三門,又發(fā)現(xiàn)了最初的那種緊張,發(fā)狂多消息給鈺,她給的信心又伴我走到了最后。
每次的考試,無論在哪里,老媽都在身邊;魚在每天蹭飯的同時每天給我個大大的溫暖擁抱;苯苯的小書桌全天候available;茂哥無限友情贊助著教材;淮哥,小葉子,哈姐,哪怕他們一個在忙出國,一個出國回來在忙找工作,一個工作忙到只有考試的三天有三天假,他們仍然耐心的給我講每一道題。
一直不想翻開新一輪考試的書,也許天性使然,我得承認,我不是喜愛如此消耗和持久的學習,從踏上這條路開始,我不止一次的憎恨過。但當回憶起這些的時候,我就在想,我算是幸福的吧,身邊這么多的朋友還有親人,擁有這樣一段日子。
又要開始新的征途了,又是一段很難的路,昨天給自己買了牛肉干和獼猴桃干,買了兩份報紙一份雜志,開著電視看報紙,給自己最后的放縱,明天開始,好好看書。
最近在聽吳克群的“泛泛之輩”,張feifei同學很認真的對我說這首歌是吃飯飯的時候唱的吧,我想我們是這樣的一群泛泛之輩,無論走多遠,路有多長,對心里的那一點點可以閃亮信念的東西,從來沒有放棄過。
祝福我的親人,還有所有朋友。
周圍的每一個沒有過CPA的人都在看書,特投入,特安靜,除了我,魚對我說,我覺得你還沉浸在ACCA過了的喜悅中,我說不是。我在打這些的時候,倒是充滿了回憶知識的痛苦呵呵,走上ACCA的路只是一個契機,這個契機給了我很多,也讓我失去了很多,我想當青春背上一個重擔時,腳步難免躑躅,只是在結束的那一刻,我總想留下些什么,給自己的這段路做個交代。
開始3.7吧,還是以REVISION上面的分類整理
這門初看的時候覺得很復雜,因為涉及到很多金融工具,投資融資及期貨期權的問題,在工作中基本接觸不到,而且這門基本上是CORE PAPER中做低的一門。復習下來會發(fā)現(xiàn),題目都會很典型,把題型摸透了,還是比較容易上手。因為我在看題目的時候,會把當時看下來的感受寫在題目旁邊,所以我會把我當初看的時候覺得思路特清楚可以多看看的的幾道題標出來,簡稱清楚題:)
幾個重點理論:NPV,discount rates, free cash flows, CAPM, portfolio theory.
A Objectives and strategy formulation
清楚題 04/6 Wurrall:很清楚,蠻全的,可以多看幾次
99/6 Hanme: APPENDIX的計算可以再看看,用來練手
01/12 Wickern:挺清楚的,可以再看
03/12 Snowwell: 挺清楚的,可以再看
關于財務戰(zhàn)略的題,以前的考試也都考過,但現(xiàn)在多些文字,再多些RATE的計算,拿下:)
Turnover
(operating costs before depreciation)
Balance
(Tax allowable depreciation)
Earning before interest and tax
(Net interest payable)
Profit on ordinary activities before tax
(Tax on ordinary activities)
Profit after tax
(Dividends)
Amount transferred to reserves
會要求寫假設
再寫假設的局限
其實這樣的題型比較完整的應該是出現(xiàn)在PART E里,我再后面會再提及,這個部分還是比較側重于財務管理的一些常規(guī)公式:profitability, gearing, liquidity ,working capital, stock market
B Investment decisions and risk analysis
清楚題 99/6 Tovell: APPENDIX的計算可以再看看
00/12 Fuelit:挺好的,弄明白了,看看
04/6 Zendeck:純關于WACC
03/6 Hasder: 多看看,與98/6Phantom放在一起看,理解公式
04/12 Trosoft:挺好,多看看,APV
簡單整理:
⑴Time value of money: FV=PV*(1+n)n
⑵Discount factor:題目給,或者(1+r)-n
⑶Annuities:
PV of deferred annuity=annual cash flow*annuity factor*PV factor
⑷Perpetuities:
PV of a perpeturity=P0=annual cash flow/discount rate
⑸NPV:
時間1 時間2 時間3時間4
Receipts:
Payments:
(wages)
(materials)
(variable/fixed overheads)
(administration/distribution expenses)
(capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation)
Taxable profits(EBIT)
(Tax)
Add back: capital allowances/tax allowable depreciation
(initial outlay)
NRV
Working capital 0-/n+
Net cash flow
Discount rate
PV
NPV
Free cash flows=EBIT(1-t)+capital investment+/-change in WC
可考慮的factor: social responsibility, risk, technical, economic, fiscal, CAPM limitation, reliability, sensitivity analysis,
未來的現(xiàn)金流不包括沉沒成本,非現(xiàn)金支出(折舊等),在做決定前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的費用支出等。
⑹Fisher equation: (1+money rate)=(1+real rate)*(1+general inflation rate)
⑺WACC= Ke*E+ Kd(1-t)*D
E+D E+D
注意其他的相關公式如Ke \Kd \real rate的計算及相關的assumption: inflation rate 等等
⑻EVA=NOPAT-capital employed*cost of capital
注意EVA的優(yōu)缺點
⑼Dividend valuation model: P0=D0(1+g)
Ke-g
注意相關的assumption
⑽the returns on a two-asset portfolio: Rp=RaXa+ RbXb
the risk on a two-asset portfolio:δp=√δ2aX2+δ2b(1-x)2+2x(1-x)Pabδaδb
correlation coefficient=COVab/δaδb
⑾Modigliani and Miller’s theory: MVg= MVu + Dt
⑿CAPM: required return=risk free return+ systematic risk premium
注意assumption/limitation
⒀the arbitrage price model
⒁APV:Base case NPV
(Issue costs)
PV of the tax shield
PV of interest savings on subsidized loan
APV
C Corporate expansion and reorganization
清楚題 03/12 Megasal: APPENDIX可以看看
01/6 Laceto
00/6 Romage
03/6 Evertalk
Advantage/disadvantage/who benefits/financial aspects
The max sum pay for a target company: PV of target company cash flow+ synergy\ Synergy: economies of scale/scope/vertical integration, operating, head office,
management, financial tax shield, market power
Problem to achieve Synergy
Methods: cash/equity shares/preference shares/loan stock
Regulation of takeovers
Defend against a takeover bid: pre-bid/post bid
P/E ratio/dividend valuation model\
D Foreign exchange and interest rate risk
清楚題 00/6 Retilon: 此題后附解題思路(helping hand),蠻清楚的,掌握方法
02/6 NTC:結合上題所附方法,多做幾遍
02/12 與上題同理,結合看
99/12 HYK 思路很清楚,用來加強鞏固
01/12 Shawter 三種避險工具的利弊,挺好的
Foreign exchange risk: transaction risk/economic risk/translation risk
Hedge避險工具: Forward market/ Money market/Futures/currency options
這部分題型比較固定,但也比較容易記亂了,多練練就好,就把每個類型中我復習時覺得比較特別的點拎出來
Forward market:payment:找最小的rate/receipts:找的rate
左買右賣
Money market:
payment: invest foreign currency
invested amount + interest on investment =payment required
receipt: borrow foreign currency
borrowed amount + interest on borrowing =receipt expected
Futures/option這個就是傳說中的期貨期權拉:
Buy for payment ,sell for receipt
Unhedged
Tick size: contract size*0.0001
Basis
時間系數(shù)
Futures大致步驟:buy or sell
Number of contracts
Choose a date
Calculate profit or loss
Conclusion
option大致步驟:Number of contracts
Calls or puts?
Contracts costs
Hedge outcome
interest rate risk: fixed rate loan/variable rate loan
Hedge: forward rate agreement/interest rate
guarantees/interest rate futures/exchange traded interest rate options
Futures: buy a future—deposit money
sell a future—borrow money
basis risk
options: buy: buy the right to buy or buy the right to sell
call: right to buy the futures
put: right to sell the futures
deposits-- buy the futures—buy calls
loan-- sell the futures—buy puts
每種避險工具的advantage/disadvantage
SWAP: interest SWAP/currency SWAP
Advantage/risk
這部分我一直也不太明白,但也會一直考到,找些典型題,硬著頭皮做吧~
Black scholes option pricing model:去年REVISION上52-55題都與此有關
E The global environment
清楚題 pilot Novoroast:此題關于limitation,other factor蠻完整的
03/12 Avto: 后面的分析好好看看,架構,格式,結尾
02/12 Intergrand:看看,模式蠻不一樣,比較怪
DCF appraisal基本格式:
YEAR
Total contribution需要計算的
(Fixed costs(with inflation))
(Tax allowable depreciation)
Taxable profit
(Tax)
Add back depreciation
Net after-tax cash flow from operations
Investment cash flows
(Land and buildings)關注末年的回轉
(Plant and machinery)
(Working capital)掌握計算
Cash remittable from/to **
Exchange rate 掌握計算
**cash remittable
Contribution from sale
(Tax on contribution)
(additional tax)
Net cash flow
Discount factor掌握計算
PV
NPV
注意PPPT,real option,兩國所得稅差額的補足等
注意分析的assumption, limitation
文字題結合案例,主要關注的為海外投資各種方法的優(yōu)缺點,可行性,限制,對策等,有套路可循,思路開闊些。
F Corporate dividend policy
01/02年考過,考的不多
3.7基本上就到這里了,打的一身汗。
在回憶的這三天里,我腦海里出現(xiàn)無數(shù)的畫面,曾經(jīng)為復習,爬到圖書館頂樓搶位子,看著從外面射進來的陽光一點點暗下去心也一點點的沉下去;復習到一半偷偷跑出去打球,然后買杯綠豆湯在球場一坐兩個小時,看著還有從ACCA書里逃出來的姐妹在場子上叫喊;和鳴還有鈺上自習到10:30然后一起回宿舍,也許還會繞到飲亭買香腸或者雞汁鹵干;考試前兩星期發(fā)消息問淮哥一個名詞的意思,然后被他狂鄙視;不會做的題目,把茂哥招到教室里來讓他一道一道的說給我聽,然后再鄙視他把題目挖的那么深;在畢業(yè)最后的日子里,身邊所有的人瘋了般過著頹廢的生活,我拿著一把荔枝找到自己的自習教室再去找也在上自習的慶偉兄還有高華兄,10:30后回宿舍拿個蘋果再奔到通宵教室。
我考1.1的時候,緊張到給洲打長途電話,是她給了我最初的信心,最后三門,又發(fā)現(xiàn)了最初的那種緊張,發(fā)狂多消息給鈺,她給的信心又伴我走到了最后。
每次的考試,無論在哪里,老媽都在身邊;魚在每天蹭飯的同時每天給我個大大的溫暖擁抱;苯苯的小書桌全天候available;茂哥無限友情贊助著教材;淮哥,小葉子,哈姐,哪怕他們一個在忙出國,一個出國回來在忙找工作,一個工作忙到只有考試的三天有三天假,他們仍然耐心的給我講每一道題。
一直不想翻開新一輪考試的書,也許天性使然,我得承認,我不是喜愛如此消耗和持久的學習,從踏上這條路開始,我不止一次的憎恨過。但當回憶起這些的時候,我就在想,我算是幸福的吧,身邊這么多的朋友還有親人,擁有這樣一段日子。
又要開始新的征途了,又是一段很難的路,昨天給自己買了牛肉干和獼猴桃干,買了兩份報紙一份雜志,開著電視看報紙,給自己最后的放縱,明天開始,好好看書。
最近在聽吳克群的“泛泛之輩”,張feifei同學很認真的對我說這首歌是吃飯飯的時候唱的吧,我想我們是這樣的一群泛泛之輩,無論走多遠,路有多長,對心里的那一點點可以閃亮信念的東西,從來沒有放棄過。
祝福我的親人,還有所有朋友。