geographical indications — Place names（or words associated with a place）used to identify products（for example, “Champagne”, “Tequila” or “Roquefort”）which have a particular quality, reputation or other characteristic because they come from that place
government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner. See also compulsory licensing.
intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works （protected by copyright）, inventions （protected by patents）, signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise （protected by trademarks） and other elements of industrial property.
government use — For patents: when the government itself uses or authorizes other persons to use the rights over a patented product or process, for government purposes, without the permission of the patent owner. See also compulsory licensing.
intellectual property rights — Ownership of ideas, including literary and artistic works （protected by copyright）, inventions （protected by patents）, signs for distinguishing goods of an enterprise （protected by trademarks） and other elements of industrial property.