Ⅱ關(guān)系副詞引出的定語從句
關(guān)系副詞when指時間、where指地點，why指原因，她們引出的定語從句分別用來修飾表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞如day, time, place, building, reason等。這些關(guān)系副詞在從句中均做狀語。例如：
e.g. In the days when black and white TV sets were so widely used, no one realized how soon color TV sets would replace them. 在黑白電視機如此廣泛使用的日子里，沒有人意識到彩電會那么快取代它。
e.g. How fast are we running now我們現(xiàn)在跑的速度怎么樣? (多快)
e.g. How often do you go there 你多久去那里? (多久)
e.g. Ask him how he does it.問問他是怎樣做的。
e.g. He does not know how to swim. 他不知道怎樣游泳。
e.g. Air conditioning is very important in some industries where special conditions must be kept. 空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備在一些需要保持特殊環(huán)境的工業(yè)部門十分重要。
e.g. Do you know the reason why things don’t fall off the earth?
你知道物體為什么不掉離地球的原因嗎?
(fall off：下降，離開)
Ⅲ介詞+which(whom)引出的定語從句
這種定語從句在修飾人時，介詞后只用whom,修飾物時只用which,而不用that.例如：
e.g. The man with whom I share the room is a young teacher fresh from college.
與我同屋的人是一位剛從大學畢業(yè)的青年教師。
(fresh from school 剛由學校畢業(yè))
e.g. This is the shelf on which I keep my books.這是我放書的架子。
e.g. The famous economist of whom we have often heard will come to give us a lecture next Friday.
我們常聽說的那位經(jīng)濟學家下周五將給我們講課。
(hear of: 聽說 )
(give a lecture: 講課，講演 )
(attend a lecture 聽報告;上課)
注：
當介詞位于從句句末時，作為介詞賓語的which和whom則仍可改用that,也可省略，如上面后兩句可改為;
This is the shelf (which或that)I keep my books on.
The famous economist(whom或that)we have often heard of will come to give us a lecture next Friday.
ⅠV.限制性(restrictive)定語從句和非限制性(non-restrictive)定語從句根據(jù)其與先行詞的密切程度可分為限制性和非限制性定語從句。
1、 限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，如去掉從句，句子的意思就不完整，不明確。從句與主句之間不用逗號隔開。譯成漢語時，一般先譯定從句，再譯先行詞，譯成“…的…”.
2.非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散,從句只對先行詞附加說明,沒有該從句句子的意思仍然完整。 主句與從句之間常用逗號隔開，翻譯時一般分譯成兩個句子。所用關(guān)系代詞與限制性定語從句基本相同，但that一般不用于非限制性定語從句。 如：
e.g. Mary has written several popular novels, one of which has been translated into ten foreign languages. 瑪麗寫了幾本暢銷小說, 其中的一本已經(jīng)被翻譯成十種外語. (which 指代several popular novels)
e.g.The professor introduced me to his students, most of whom were from abroad.
教授向我介紹了他的學生，其中大多數(shù)是來自國外。(whom指代his students)
e.g. They rowed across the Atlantic, which had never been done before.
他們劃船橫渡大西洋，這是史無前例的創(chuàng)舉。(which指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容)
注：
非限制性定語從句除可修飾主句中的詞外，有時還可修飾整個主句，這時所用的關(guān)系代詞which代替的是整個主句或主句的一部分。從句中謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如上面(3)個例句，which代替They rowed across the Atlantic整個主句。
關(guān)系副詞when指時間、where指地點，why指原因，她們引出的定語從句分別用來修飾表示時間、地點、原因的先行詞如day, time, place, building, reason等。這些關(guān)系副詞在從句中均做狀語。例如：
e.g. In the days when black and white TV sets were so widely used, no one realized how soon color TV sets would replace them. 在黑白電視機如此廣泛使用的日子里，沒有人意識到彩電會那么快取代它。
e.g. How fast are we running now我們現(xiàn)在跑的速度怎么樣? (多快)
e.g. How often do you go there 你多久去那里? (多久)
e.g. Ask him how he does it.問問他是怎樣做的。
e.g. He does not know how to swim. 他不知道怎樣游泳。
e.g. Air conditioning is very important in some industries where special conditions must be kept. 空氣調(diào)節(jié)設(shè)備在一些需要保持特殊環(huán)境的工業(yè)部門十分重要。
e.g. Do you know the reason why things don’t fall off the earth?
你知道物體為什么不掉離地球的原因嗎?
(fall off：下降，離開)
Ⅲ介詞+which(whom)引出的定語從句
這種定語從句在修飾人時，介詞后只用whom,修飾物時只用which,而不用that.例如：
e.g. The man with whom I share the room is a young teacher fresh from college.
與我同屋的人是一位剛從大學畢業(yè)的青年教師。
(fresh from school 剛由學校畢業(yè))
e.g. This is the shelf on which I keep my books.這是我放書的架子。
e.g. The famous economist of whom we have often heard will come to give us a lecture next Friday.
我們常聽說的那位經(jīng)濟學家下周五將給我們講課。
(hear of: 聽說 )
(give a lecture: 講課，講演 )
(attend a lecture 聽報告;上課)
注：
當介詞位于從句句末時，作為介詞賓語的which和whom則仍可改用that,也可省略，如上面后兩句可改為;
This is the shelf (which或that)I keep my books on.
The famous economist(whom或that)we have often heard of will come to give us a lecture next Friday.
ⅠV.限制性(restrictive)定語從句和非限制性(non-restrictive)定語從句根據(jù)其與先行詞的密切程度可分為限制性和非限制性定語從句。
1、 限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系密切，如去掉從句，句子的意思就不完整，不明確。從句與主句之間不用逗號隔開。譯成漢語時，一般先譯定從句，再譯先行詞，譯成“…的…”.
2.非限制性定語從句
非限制性定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系比較松散,從句只對先行詞附加說明,沒有該從句句子的意思仍然完整。 主句與從句之間常用逗號隔開，翻譯時一般分譯成兩個句子。所用關(guān)系代詞與限制性定語從句基本相同，但that一般不用于非限制性定語從句。 如：
e.g. Mary has written several popular novels, one of which has been translated into ten foreign languages. 瑪麗寫了幾本暢銷小說, 其中的一本已經(jīng)被翻譯成十種外語. (which 指代several popular novels)
e.g.The professor introduced me to his students, most of whom were from abroad.
教授向我介紹了他的學生，其中大多數(shù)是來自國外。(whom指代his students)
e.g. They rowed across the Atlantic, which had never been done before.
他們劃船橫渡大西洋，這是史無前例的創(chuàng)舉。(which指代前面整個句子的內(nèi)容)
注：
非限制性定語從句除可修飾主句中的詞外，有時還可修飾整個主句，這時所用的關(guān)系代詞which代替的是整個主句或主句的一部分。從句中謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如上面(3)個例句，which代替They rowed across the Atlantic整個主句。