Ⅰ、主語從句 (Subject Clause)
e.g. That the sea covers about three-fourths of the earth’s surface is well known.
e.g. Which design is more practical is still a question.
按照英語習慣，有些句子可用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將主語從句放在后面，使句子更為平衡。如上面的句子可改為：
e.g. It is well known that the sea covers about three-fourths of the earth’s surface.
e.g. It is still a question which design is more practical.
小結(jié):
主語從句通常位于主語的位置上, 但是有時也可能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾部分(句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)). 當句子的主語是從句結(jié)構(gòu)時, 謂語部分應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)的形式.
Ⅱ、賓語從句 (Object Clause)
賓語從句可以作動詞或介詞的賓語。
e.g. They tell me (that) the math course is difficult.
e.g. I wonder whether (if) the refrigerator is large enough.
e.g. Please let me know when the telephone will be installed.
e.g. He informed me of what they wanted.
比較:
e.g. Please inform him of the fact that I’ve seen her.
注：
1. 賓語從句通常緊跟在動詞和介詞的后面。
2. 引導賓語從句的連詞“that”在口語和非正式文體中常可省略。
3. whether和if都可以表示“是否”的意思，在口語中?？梢曰Q，如上面第2個例句，“I wonder”后面既可用“whether”也可以用“if”引出賓語從句，意思不變。但如果作為介詞的賓語，或后面跟有“…or not”，或引出主語從句時，則只用whether而不用if，如：
e.g. It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.
e.g. Tell me whether you like the handbag or not.
e.g. Whether they will join us hasn’t been made clear.
他們是否參加我們的活動還不清楚。
Ⅲ、表語從句
表語從句與系詞(以及半系動詞)一起構(gòu)成主句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g. My problem is how we can reduce this high temperature.
我的問題是我們怎么能夠降低這樣的高溫。
e.g. Our conclusion is that, in view of 由于the drought, there is only enough water for two days.
for： 就…而言
e.g. It is rather cold for January.
e.g. She is clever for her age
e.g. It seems that it is going to rain. 表語從句
It seems that …好像，似乎
It seems to me that …我想，我以為
e.g. The cloth feels as if it were made of silk. 表語從句
Ⅳ、同位語從句
同位語從句用以說明名詞的內(nèi)容，使之明確而具體化。跟有同位語從句的名詞通常是一些需要進一步說明其具體內(nèi)容與含義的名詞。如conclusion, doubt, fact, fear, hope, idea, news, opinion, suggestion等。從句通常由that引導，有時也可由whether, what, when, where, why, how等引出。
e.g.There is no doubt that he will succeed.
毫無疑問，他一定成功。
e.g.My opinion that no action need be taken yet is shared by most of us here.
我的意見是現(xiàn)在還不需要采取行動，這是我們這里大多數(shù)人的共識。
They haven’t have any idea when it is proper to take action. 對于什么時候適合采取行動, 他們還沒有任何想法. /他們還沒有想出什么時候適合采取行動
提示:
在翻譯的過程中對同位語從句常?？梢圆扇〉奶幚矸绞绞? “添詞”(在同位語從句和從句前的名詞之間添加謂語動詞)+ “結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換”(把同位語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu))(如: 上面第2個例句); 或者采用“詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法+ 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換法”(把同位語從句前面的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞，這樣同位語從句也就轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句(如: 上面第3個例句)
接下來我們看看實際考題中的句子：
(2002年綜合A級考題閱讀理解第3篇文章)
Effects of Environmental Pollution
Two spectres haunting conservationists have been the prospect(給“預(yù)測”這個中性詞添加上了詞語色彩， 變成擔心， 接著把名詞“擔心”變成動詞的“擔心”))that environmental pollution might lead to the planets' becoming unbearably hot or cold. One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2C, which would take place over several thousand years.
e.g. That the sea covers about three-fourths of the earth’s surface is well known.
e.g. Which design is more practical is still a question.
按照英語習慣，有些句子可用it作形式主語，放在句首，而將主語從句放在后面，使句子更為平衡。如上面的句子可改為：
e.g. It is well known that the sea covers about three-fourths of the earth’s surface.
e.g. It is still a question which design is more practical.
小結(jié):
主語從句通常位于主語的位置上, 但是有時也可能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾部分(句子的結(jié)構(gòu)是形式主語的結(jié)構(gòu)). 當句子的主語是從句結(jié)構(gòu)時, 謂語部分應(yīng)該使用單數(shù)的形式.
Ⅱ、賓語從句 (Object Clause)
賓語從句可以作動詞或介詞的賓語。
e.g. They tell me (that) the math course is difficult.
e.g. I wonder whether (if) the refrigerator is large enough.
e.g. Please let me know when the telephone will be installed.
e.g. He informed me of what they wanted.
比較:
e.g. Please inform him of the fact that I’ve seen her.
注：
1. 賓語從句通常緊跟在動詞和介詞的后面。
2. 引導賓語從句的連詞“that”在口語和非正式文體中常可省略。
3. whether和if都可以表示“是否”的意思，在口語中?？梢曰Q，如上面第2個例句，“I wonder”后面既可用“whether”也可以用“if”引出賓語從句，意思不變。但如果作為介詞的賓語，或后面跟有“…or not”，或引出主語從句時，則只用whether而不用if，如：
e.g. It all depends on whether we can get their cooperation.
e.g. Tell me whether you like the handbag or not.
e.g. Whether they will join us hasn’t been made clear.
他們是否參加我們的活動還不清楚。
Ⅲ、表語從句
表語從句與系詞(以及半系動詞)一起構(gòu)成主句的謂語結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g. My problem is how we can reduce this high temperature.
我的問題是我們怎么能夠降低這樣的高溫。
e.g. Our conclusion is that, in view of 由于the drought, there is only enough water for two days.
for： 就…而言
e.g. It is rather cold for January.
e.g. She is clever for her age
e.g. It seems that it is going to rain. 表語從句
It seems that …好像，似乎
It seems to me that …我想，我以為
e.g. The cloth feels as if it were made of silk. 表語從句
Ⅳ、同位語從句
同位語從句用以說明名詞的內(nèi)容，使之明確而具體化。跟有同位語從句的名詞通常是一些需要進一步說明其具體內(nèi)容與含義的名詞。如conclusion, doubt, fact, fear, hope, idea, news, opinion, suggestion等。從句通常由that引導，有時也可由whether, what, when, where, why, how等引出。
e.g.There is no doubt that he will succeed.
毫無疑問，他一定成功。
e.g.My opinion that no action need be taken yet is shared by most of us here.
我的意見是現(xiàn)在還不需要采取行動，這是我們這里大多數(shù)人的共識。
They haven’t have any idea when it is proper to take action. 對于什么時候適合采取行動, 他們還沒有任何想法. /他們還沒有想出什么時候適合采取行動
提示:
在翻譯的過程中對同位語從句常?？梢圆扇〉奶幚矸绞绞? “添詞”(在同位語從句和從句前的名詞之間添加謂語動詞)+ “結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換”(把同位語從句轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句的結(jié)構(gòu))(如: 上面第2個例句); 或者采用“詞性轉(zhuǎn)換法+ 結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換法”(把同位語從句前面的名詞轉(zhuǎn)換成動詞，這樣同位語從句也就轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句(如: 上面第3個例句)
接下來我們看看實際考題中的句子：
(2002年綜合A級考題閱讀理解第3篇文章)
Effects of Environmental Pollution
Two spectres haunting conservationists have been the prospect(給“預(yù)測”這個中性詞添加上了詞語色彩， 變成擔心， 接著把名詞“擔心”變成動詞的“擔心”))that environmental pollution might lead to the planets' becoming unbearably hot or cold. One of these ghosts has now been laid, because it seems that even an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to eight times its present value will produce an increase in temperature of only 2C, which would take place over several thousand years.