動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致的原則
相關(guān)背景知識(shí)介紹：
2005年衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)閱讀理解部分文章
From saving money
(Where you save your money depends on what you are saving for). (1)If you are saving to buy a CD(光盤) or go to a concert, then probably you would keep your money somewhere in your room.
(2)When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. …(3)The bank uses your money to loan money to people and business.
(4)The bank will send you a statement several times a year. (5)A bank statement tells you how much money you have in your bank.
這篇文章的基調(diào)事態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 用于對(duì)文章的主題”存錢”進(jìn)行客觀的講述, 客觀的分析在現(xiàn)在的生活中如何存錢.文章中句子的時(shí)態(tài), 無論是主句時(shí)態(tài)還是從句時(shí)態(tài)一般都與現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)
要點(diǎn)回顧:
主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)一致性;
文章中相臨語(yǔ)句時(shí)態(tài)通常彼此呼應(yīng), 一致;
英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是用來說明句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Active Voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Passive Voice)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。我們?cè)趯?shí)際應(yīng)用中經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，如：
理工類from Please Fasten Your Seatbelt
“l(fā)aser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air.”
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)在職稱英語(yǔ)的文章中, 甚至在考題中出現(xiàn)的頻率都較高, 如:
2005年理工類閱讀判斷文章The Smog
But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. … Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents.
在文章后面的問題中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也是頻繁地被使用, 如:The Smog這篇文章后面的第6題:
6. The forest animals haven’t been affected by the smog.
如:閱讀理解Pushbike Danger后的第2題:
2. How many abdominal injuries in children were caused by bicycle accidents?
在2005年理工C的考題中還有其他不少地方出現(xiàn)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu), 從上面的例子中我們可以了解到:
1. 英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是: be + v.ed
2. “be + v.ed”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于中文中的“被”，“受到”等含義。
3. 英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)會(huì)有不同的時(shí)態(tài)表現(xiàn)形式，如：is caused; was caused; has been caused; had been caused等。
絕大多數(shù)的及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)都可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和表示狀態(tài)的詞無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
“主謂一致”(“主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)一致性的原則”)的原則具體來說就是“主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)決定了謂語(yǔ)部分動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)”，我們剛才看到的那些句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系也是受到主謂一致性的影響：
Where you save your money depends on what you are saving for. (1)If you are saving to buy a CD(光盤) or go to a concert, then probably you would keep your money somewhere in your room.
(2)When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. …(3)The bank uses your money to loan money to people and business.
(4)The bank will send you a statement several times a year. (5)A bank statement tells you how much money you have in your bank.
在以往的職稱英語(yǔ)考題中“主謂一致”這個(gè)考點(diǎn)會(huì)直接在完型填空題中出現(xiàn)。從近幾年的職稱英語(yǔ)考題來看—完型填空題把主要考察重點(diǎn)放在詞匯/短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析，詞匯/短語(yǔ)的拼寫形式的辨別， 和詞匯/短語(yǔ)的搭配使用特點(diǎn)上。對(duì)“主謂一致”考察通常是間接地進(jìn)行的, 最常見的就是考察對(duì)文章中結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子句意的理解, 如:2005年理工類C級(jí)閱讀理解的文章:
(Almost Human??)
Machines that walk, speak and feel are no longer science fiction.
相關(guān)背景知識(shí)介紹：
2005年衛(wèi)生類C級(jí)閱讀理解部分文章
From saving money
(Where you save your money depends on what you are saving for). (1)If you are saving to buy a CD(光盤) or go to a concert, then probably you would keep your money somewhere in your room.
(2)When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. …(3)The bank uses your money to loan money to people and business.
(4)The bank will send you a statement several times a year. (5)A bank statement tells you how much money you have in your bank.
這篇文章的基調(diào)事態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), 用于對(duì)文章的主題”存錢”進(jìn)行客觀的講述, 客觀的分析在現(xiàn)在的生活中如何存錢.文章中句子的時(shí)態(tài), 無論是主句時(shí)態(tài)還是從句時(shí)態(tài)一般都與現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)相關(guān)
要點(diǎn)回顧:
主句和從句時(shí)態(tài)一致性;
文章中相臨語(yǔ)句時(shí)態(tài)通常彼此呼應(yīng), 一致;
英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)是用來說明句中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)之間關(guān)系的動(dòng)詞形式。英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種:主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Active Voice)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(Passive Voice)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。我們?cè)趯?shí)際應(yīng)用中經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子，如：
理工類from Please Fasten Your Seatbelt
“l(fā)aser pulses are sent ahead of the plane and these are then reflected back by particles in the air.”
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)在職稱英語(yǔ)的文章中, 甚至在考題中出現(xiàn)的頻率都較高, 如:
2005年理工類閱讀判斷文章The Smog
But smog is not just an Asian problem. In fact, the word was first used in London in 1905 to describe the mixture of smoke and thick fog. … Sometimes the smog was so thick and poisonous that people were killed by breathing problems or in accidents.
在文章后面的問題中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)也是頻繁地被使用, 如:The Smog這篇文章后面的第6題:
6. The forest animals haven’t been affected by the smog.
如:閱讀理解Pushbike Danger后的第2題:
2. How many abdominal injuries in children were caused by bicycle accidents?
在2005年理工C的考題中還有其他不少地方出現(xiàn)了被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu), 從上面的例子中我們可以了解到:
1. 英語(yǔ)中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是: be + v.ed
2. “be + v.ed”這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于中文中的“被”，“受到”等含義。
3. 英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)會(huì)有不同的時(shí)態(tài)表現(xiàn)形式，如：is caused; was caused; has been caused; had been caused等。
絕大多數(shù)的及物動(dòng)詞和及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)都可構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和表示狀態(tài)的詞無被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。
“主謂一致”(“主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)一致性的原則”)的原則具體來說就是“主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)決定了謂語(yǔ)部分動(dòng)詞的形態(tài)”，我們剛才看到的那些句子中主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系也是受到主謂一致性的影響：
Where you save your money depends on what you are saving for. (1)If you are saving to buy a CD(光盤) or go to a concert, then probably you would keep your money somewhere in your room.
(2)When you keep your money in a bank, your money earns interest. …(3)The bank uses your money to loan money to people and business.
(4)The bank will send you a statement several times a year. (5)A bank statement tells you how much money you have in your bank.
在以往的職稱英語(yǔ)考題中“主謂一致”這個(gè)考點(diǎn)會(huì)直接在完型填空題中出現(xiàn)。從近幾年的職稱英語(yǔ)考題來看—完型填空題把主要考察重點(diǎn)放在詞匯/短語(yǔ)的詞義辨析，詞匯/短語(yǔ)的拼寫形式的辨別， 和詞匯/短語(yǔ)的搭配使用特點(diǎn)上。對(duì)“主謂一致”考察通常是間接地進(jìn)行的, 最常見的就是考察對(duì)文章中結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜的句子句意的理解, 如:2005年理工類C級(jí)閱讀理解的文章:
(Almost Human??)
Machines that walk, speak and feel are no longer science fiction.