Ⅲ、一般將來時
1. 形式
第一人稱后接：“shall+動詞原形”
第二、三人稱后接：“will+動詞原形”
注：在美國英語中第一、二、三人稱都用“will +動詞原形”
2. 基本用法：
用在表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)：shall/will + v.
〔表示預(yù)想、預(yù)言、猜測等〕〔第一人稱用 shall〕將…，會。
e.g. We will/shall win. 我們將會贏的。
e.g. He will let you know. 他將會讓你知道的。
〔主語為第一人稱時與未實現(xiàn)的意愿有關(guān), 表示約定、意愿、主張、選擇等〕要，想要
e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. 我們明天早上要去南京。
e.g. we will/shall invite you to our party. 我們想邀請你參加我們的宴會。
e.g. I will/shall be a good boy for the future. 我以后想要做一個好孩子。
3. 表示將來時態(tài)的其他形式與用法：
1)“be going to+動詞原形”表示很快就要發(fā)生的事情或打算要做的事。
e.g. It’s going to rain. 天快要下雨了。
e.g. We are going to/will visit Beijing next week.
2)“be to+動詞原形”表示安排好的動作或要求別人去做的事。
e.g. You are not to bring any materials to the exam room. 你們不得將任何材料帶進考場。
e.g. He is to/will see me today. 他今天將要來看我。
e.g. They are to/ will be married in May. 他們預(yù)定在五月結(jié)婚。
3)“be about to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或正要做的事。
e.g. The conference is about to begin. 大會即將開始。
4)“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”有時可表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的一個動作，但僅適用于少數(shù)的某些動詞(如arrive, come, go, leave, start等)而且常跟表示較近將來的時間狀語連用。
e.g. Our classmates are coming to see us the day after tomorrow.后天我們的同學(xué)將來看我們。
e.g. The bus is leaving. 汽車就要開了。
4. 一般將來時態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. -- We shall (will) not go to Nanjing tomorrow morning.
e.g. It’s going to rain. – It isn’t going to rain.
5. 一般將來時態(tài)的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. – Shall/Will we go to Nanjing tomorrow morning?
e.g. It’s going to rain. – Is it going to rain?
練習(xí)與體會：
(理工C級 Look after your Voice)
If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your life.
Ⅳ、現(xiàn)在完成時
1. 形式：
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have(has)+過去分詞構(gòu)成。除第三人稱單數(shù)用has外，其他人稱一律用have。
2) 過去分詞的形式有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種。前者由動詞原形+(e)d構(gòu)成，如worked, used, studied, stopped等，后者如made, gone, written, cut等，須逐個記憶。
2.基本用法：
1)用于表示動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成：
e.g. We have just come back.
e.g. She has written three books up to now.
2)表示過去發(fā)生但對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作?？梢圆挥脮r間狀語，但也可和一些不確定過去時間的副詞連用，如already, before, ever, never, just, once, recently ,yet等，例如:
e.g. Who has broken the window? 誰把窗戶玻璃打破了?
e.g. We have never seen such a film before.我們以前從沒有看過這樣的一部電影。
3) 也可表示過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去, 常和for引導(dǎo)的短語或和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。
e.g. We have studied English for more than 10 years.
e.g. He has lived here since he divorced Mary.
3. 完成時態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g. We have seen such a film before. – We haven’t seen such a film before./We have never seen such a film before. /We have rarely/hardly seen such a film before.
練習(xí)與體會：
(綜合C級The Barbie Dolls)
Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing.
1. 形式
第一人稱后接：“shall+動詞原形”
第二、三人稱后接：“will+動詞原形”
注：在美國英語中第一、二、三人稱都用“will +動詞原形”
2. 基本用法：
用在表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)：shall/will + v.
〔表示預(yù)想、預(yù)言、猜測等〕〔第一人稱用 shall〕將…，會。
e.g. We will/shall win. 我們將會贏的。
e.g. He will let you know. 他將會讓你知道的。
〔主語為第一人稱時與未實現(xiàn)的意愿有關(guān), 表示約定、意愿、主張、選擇等〕要，想要
e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. 我們明天早上要去南京。
e.g. we will/shall invite you to our party. 我們想邀請你參加我們的宴會。
e.g. I will/shall be a good boy for the future. 我以后想要做一個好孩子。
3. 表示將來時態(tài)的其他形式與用法：
1)“be going to+動詞原形”表示很快就要發(fā)生的事情或打算要做的事。
e.g. It’s going to rain. 天快要下雨了。
e.g. We are going to/will visit Beijing next week.
2)“be to+動詞原形”表示安排好的動作或要求別人去做的事。
e.g. You are not to bring any materials to the exam room. 你們不得將任何材料帶進考場。
e.g. He is to/will see me today. 他今天將要來看我。
e.g. They are to/ will be married in May. 他們預(yù)定在五月結(jié)婚。
3)“be about to+動詞原形”表示即將發(fā)生的或正要做的事。
e.g. The conference is about to begin. 大會即將開始。
4)“be+現(xiàn)在分詞”有時可表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的一個動作，但僅適用于少數(shù)的某些動詞(如arrive, come, go, leave, start等)而且常跟表示較近將來的時間狀語連用。
e.g. Our classmates are coming to see us the day after tomorrow.后天我們的同學(xué)將來看我們。
e.g. The bus is leaving. 汽車就要開了。
4. 一般將來時態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. -- We shall (will) not go to Nanjing tomorrow morning.
e.g. It’s going to rain. – It isn’t going to rain.
5. 一般將來時態(tài)的疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g. We shall (will) go to Nanjing tomorrow morning. – Shall/Will we go to Nanjing tomorrow morning?
e.g. It’s going to rain. – Is it going to rain?
練習(xí)與體會：
(理工C級 Look after your Voice)
If you are willing to change, you will soon be able to say that you will never forget these techniques because they became a part of your life.
Ⅳ、現(xiàn)在完成時
1. 形式：
1) 現(xiàn)在完成時由助動詞have(has)+過去分詞構(gòu)成。除第三人稱單數(shù)用has外，其他人稱一律用have。
2) 過去分詞的形式有規(guī)則的和不規(guī)則的兩種。前者由動詞原形+(e)d構(gòu)成，如worked, used, studied, stopped等，后者如made, gone, written, cut等，須逐個記憶。
2.基本用法：
1)用于表示動作現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成：
e.g. We have just come back.
e.g. She has written three books up to now.
2)表示過去發(fā)生但對現(xiàn)在有影響的動作?？梢圆挥脮r間狀語，但也可和一些不確定過去時間的副詞連用，如already, before, ever, never, just, once, recently ,yet等，例如:
e.g. Who has broken the window? 誰把窗戶玻璃打破了?
e.g. We have never seen such a film before.我們以前從沒有看過這樣的一部電影。
3) 也可表示過去某時開始的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,而且可能繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去, 常和for引導(dǎo)的短語或和since引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。
e.g. We have studied English for more than 10 years.
e.g. He has lived here since he divorced Mary.
3. 完成時態(tài)的否定結(jié)構(gòu)
e.g. We have seen such a film before. – We haven’t seen such a film before./We have never seen such a film before. /We have rarely/hardly seen such a film before.
練習(xí)與體會：
(綜合C級The Barbie Dolls)
Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up with current trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing.