連詞，代詞及冠詞的語(yǔ)法功能及復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)
相關(guān)背景知識(shí)介紹：
e.g. Where (…的地方)there’s a will(意志)there’s a way(道路). /有志者事竟成。(there be/存在句型)
(2004年綜合閱讀判斷試題)
(from Riches and R omance from France’s Wine Harvest)
(Riches (rich + es) 財(cái)富，財(cái)寶; e.g. the riches of knowledge 知識(shí)的寶庫(kù)。)
Traditionally, people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice. Nowadays, this practice is usually carried out by machines.
used to: 過(guò)去常?！?
take off：脫掉，起飛;
bare：*的，*的;無(wú)遮蔽的;
carry out:開(kāi)展;貫徹，實(shí)行，執(zhí)行
their –people;
this (practice) -- take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice
小結(jié)：
1. 代詞通常前指，指代前文中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。
2. 在確認(rèn)代詞的指代對(duì)象時(shí)，要注意該代詞所在的結(jié)構(gòu)在其所在句子中具有的含義。e.g. their (shoes) – people; their (feet) – people; this (practice) -- take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice
3. 同一句中， 相鄰句中同一代詞的指代內(nèi)容一致;e.g. people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out
在2003年綜合類C級(jí)別的閱讀理解文章中，在2003年理工類C級(jí)閱讀理解的文章中都“不約而同”地在閱讀文章中對(duì)代詞的指代內(nèi)容和冠詞的指代內(nèi)容進(jìn)行“直接”的考察，現(xiàn)在職稱英語(yǔ)考試已經(jīng)基本上不對(duì)不定冠詞進(jìn)行考察了，對(duì)于不定冠詞a/an，只需要有這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)：它們與可數(shù)名詞連用，表示種類或者數(shù)量上的單數(shù)。如：
e.g. I am a student. 我是學(xué)生。(a student表示“類別”)
e.g. A man left a message to you. (a man(一個(gè)人)和a message(一條信息)都是表示單數(shù)的概念。)
(from New Foods and the New world) 綜合類C
New foods: foods 是物質(zhì)名詞， 物質(zhì)名詞的前面不出現(xiàn)冠詞;
the New world 是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞， 特指美國(guó)的北部，中部和南部地區(qū)。
32. “Some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A. some cocoa trees
B. some chocolate drinks
C. some shops
D. some South American Indians
問(wèn)題問(wèn)及代詞some在句中的指代內(nèi)容。 首先找到這個(gè)詞所在的句子：相關(guān)語(yǔ)句：In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
C. 解題線索：搭配結(jié)構(gòu)：exist可以與前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)形成“通順”的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，前句中可能與some形成呼應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞有： shops, chocolate drinks, meeting places。 接下來(lái)有兩個(gè)確認(rèn)答案的方法：1。借助句意;2。借助前后句之間在時(shí)態(tài)上的特點(diǎn)： 從時(shí)態(tài)上看：過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)比正好說(shuō)明了“shops”過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的不同)。借助這兩個(gè)方法都可以確認(rèn)C(一些商店)是答案。
2003年理工C閱讀理解的一道考題：
(London’s First Light Rail System)
43. “This line ” in paragraph 3 refers to
A. the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar
B. the line from Poplar to Island Gardens
C. the Millwall Extension Railway
D. the line from Poplar to Stratford
相關(guān)語(yǔ)句：From Poplar to Island Gardens, a new line crosses high above the dock waters, and then joins the old track of the Millwall Extension Railway, built to service the Millwall Docks (1868) and to provide transport for workers in the local factories. This line was horse-drawn for part of its route, until the 1880s.
C. 首先找到“This line ”所在的句子，根據(jù)代詞前指的特點(diǎn)，判斷只有B和C可能成為答案(前文中只出現(xiàn)了與B和C呼應(yīng)的內(nèi)容)。 the line所在的句子在內(nèi)容上是在描述“在1880s以前the line(那條鐵路)的情況”， 所以我們要選擇的答案應(yīng)該是一條早已經(jīng)存在了的鐵路，因此判斷答案是C(原文內(nèi)容表明the line from Poplar to Island Gardens是一條新鐵路， 所以不是答案)
線索：時(shí)態(tài)。
在職稱英語(yǔ)中對(duì)連詞和代詞的考察主要出現(xiàn)在文章閱讀中，就題型而言主要在完型填空，補(bǔ)全短文，閱讀理解這樣的題型中涉及到。而對(duì)冠詞的考察主要是在補(bǔ)全短文和閱讀理解這樣的題型中出現(xiàn)。而實(shí)際上考題中大都是間接或直接地在對(duì)這幾種詞類進(jìn)行考察。連詞的考察一般直接出現(xiàn)在完型填空題和對(duì)文章句意的理解上;代詞的出現(xiàn)表明該詞與其所在句子的前句或后句之間指代關(guān)系，在代詞的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要形成代詞大都是前指的概念。如：看見(jiàn)that就應(yīng)該知道該詞是前指 --指代前文/剛才提到的內(nèi)容，如：That is what he told me./那就是他所告訴我的話; After that he left./隨后他就離開(kāi)了。而 this可能是后指也可能是前指(絕大多數(shù)情況下是前指)。其作后指用是是指代下文或即將談到的內(nèi)容，如： Don't laugh when you hear this./聽(tīng)了這個(gè)你不要笑。
生活英語(yǔ)常用句：
初次見(jiàn)面：(在彼此獲知對(duì)方的名字之后，就可以接著說(shuō)：)
1)--- Hello, nice/pleased to meet you. /--- Nice/pleased to meet you, too.
2)---How are you? /---Fine, thanks. And you?
3)---How do you do?/---How do you do?
相關(guān)背景知識(shí)介紹：
e.g. Where (…的地方)there’s a will(意志)there’s a way(道路). /有志者事竟成。(there be/存在句型)
(2004年綜合閱讀判斷試題)
(from Riches and R omance from France’s Wine Harvest)
(Riches (rich + es) 財(cái)富，財(cái)寶; e.g. the riches of knowledge 知識(shí)的寶庫(kù)。)
Traditionally, people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice. Nowadays, this practice is usually carried out by machines.
used to: 過(guò)去常?！?
take off：脫掉，起飛;
bare：*的，*的;無(wú)遮蔽的;
carry out:開(kāi)展;貫徹，實(shí)行，執(zhí)行
their –people;
this (practice) -- take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice
小結(jié)：
1. 代詞通常前指，指代前文中出現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容。
2. 在確認(rèn)代詞的指代對(duì)象時(shí)，要注意該代詞所在的結(jié)構(gòu)在其所在句子中具有的含義。e.g. their (shoes) – people; their (feet) – people; this (practice) -- take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out the juice
3. 同一句中， 相鄰句中同一代詞的指代內(nèi)容一致;e.g. people used to take off their shoes and crush the grapes with their bare feet to bring out
在2003年綜合類C級(jí)別的閱讀理解文章中，在2003年理工類C級(jí)閱讀理解的文章中都“不約而同”地在閱讀文章中對(duì)代詞的指代內(nèi)容和冠詞的指代內(nèi)容進(jìn)行“直接”的考察，現(xiàn)在職稱英語(yǔ)考試已經(jīng)基本上不對(duì)不定冠詞進(jìn)行考察了，對(duì)于不定冠詞a/an，只需要有這樣的認(rèn)識(shí)：它們與可數(shù)名詞連用，表示種類或者數(shù)量上的單數(shù)。如：
e.g. I am a student. 我是學(xué)生。(a student表示“類別”)
e.g. A man left a message to you. (a man(一個(gè)人)和a message(一條信息)都是表示單數(shù)的概念。)
(from New Foods and the New world) 綜合類C
New foods: foods 是物質(zhì)名詞， 物質(zhì)名詞的前面不出現(xiàn)冠詞;
the New world 是由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞， 特指美國(guó)的北部，中部和南部地區(qū)。
32. “Some” in the last sentence of the first paragraph refers to
A. some cocoa trees
B. some chocolate drinks
C. some shops
D. some South American Indians
問(wèn)題問(wèn)及代詞some在句中的指代內(nèi)容。 首先找到這個(gè)詞所在的句子：相關(guān)語(yǔ)句：In London, shops where chocolate drinks were served became important meeting places. Some still exist today.
C. 解題線索：搭配結(jié)構(gòu)：exist可以與前三個(gè)選項(xiàng)形成“通順”的搭配結(jié)構(gòu)，前句中可能與some形成呼應(yīng)的復(fù)數(shù)名詞有： shops, chocolate drinks, meeting places。 接下來(lái)有兩個(gè)確認(rèn)答案的方法：1。借助句意;2。借助前后句之間在時(shí)態(tài)上的特點(diǎn)： 從時(shí)態(tài)上看：過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)和現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的對(duì)比正好說(shuō)明了“shops”過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的不同)。借助這兩個(gè)方法都可以確認(rèn)C(一些商店)是答案。
2003年理工C閱讀理解的一道考題：
(London’s First Light Rail System)
43. “This line ” in paragraph 3 refers to
A. the line from the Tower Gateway Station to Poplar
B. the line from Poplar to Island Gardens
C. the Millwall Extension Railway
D. the line from Poplar to Stratford
相關(guān)語(yǔ)句：From Poplar to Island Gardens, a new line crosses high above the dock waters, and then joins the old track of the Millwall Extension Railway, built to service the Millwall Docks (1868) and to provide transport for workers in the local factories. This line was horse-drawn for part of its route, until the 1880s.
C. 首先找到“This line ”所在的句子，根據(jù)代詞前指的特點(diǎn)，判斷只有B和C可能成為答案(前文中只出現(xiàn)了與B和C呼應(yīng)的內(nèi)容)。 the line所在的句子在內(nèi)容上是在描述“在1880s以前the line(那條鐵路)的情況”， 所以我們要選擇的答案應(yīng)該是一條早已經(jīng)存在了的鐵路，因此判斷答案是C(原文內(nèi)容表明the line from Poplar to Island Gardens是一條新鐵路， 所以不是答案)
線索：時(shí)態(tài)。
在職稱英語(yǔ)中對(duì)連詞和代詞的考察主要出現(xiàn)在文章閱讀中，就題型而言主要在完型填空，補(bǔ)全短文，閱讀理解這樣的題型中涉及到。而對(duì)冠詞的考察主要是在補(bǔ)全短文和閱讀理解這樣的題型中出現(xiàn)。而實(shí)際上考題中大都是間接或直接地在對(duì)這幾種詞類進(jìn)行考察。連詞的考察一般直接出現(xiàn)在完型填空題和對(duì)文章句意的理解上;代詞的出現(xiàn)表明該詞與其所在句子的前句或后句之間指代關(guān)系，在代詞的學(xué)習(xí)中一定要形成代詞大都是前指的概念。如：看見(jiàn)that就應(yīng)該知道該詞是前指 --指代前文/剛才提到的內(nèi)容，如：That is what he told me./那就是他所告訴我的話; After that he left./隨后他就離開(kāi)了。而 this可能是后指也可能是前指(絕大多數(shù)情況下是前指)。其作后指用是是指代下文或即將談到的內(nèi)容，如： Don't laugh when you hear this./聽(tīng)了這個(gè)你不要笑。
生活英語(yǔ)常用句：
初次見(jiàn)面：(在彼此獲知對(duì)方的名字之后，就可以接著說(shuō)：)
1)--- Hello, nice/pleased to meet you. /--- Nice/pleased to meet you, too.
2)---How are you? /---Fine, thanks. And you?
3)---How do you do?/---How do you do?