下面每個(gè)例子說明一條規(guī)則，注意理解和記憶（重點(diǎn)不要去區(qū)分作什么狀語，也不要刻意去翻譯句子的意思，重點(diǎn)注意形式的轉(zhuǎn)換和規(guī)律）：
1） When she heard the noise, she went out to see what was happening.
Hearing the noise, she went out to see what was happening.
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子的主語（she）與 （非謂語） 動詞構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)時(shí)，只要將實(shí)義動詞（heard）恢復(fù)原形 （hear），后面加ing即可
2） When （或 If） the substance is heated to over 200℃, it will give off a poisonous gas.
Heated to 200 over 200℃, it （= the substance） will give off a poisonous gas.
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子的主語（it = the substance）與 （非謂語） 動詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)時(shí)，去掉be動詞，只保留動詞的-ed形式（heated）即可
3） As he did not want to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment.
Not wanting to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment
規(guī)則：非謂語動詞的否定式是在非謂語動詞前面（不是后面）加not構(gòu)成；其他變化按照例1）或例2）規(guī)定
4） As she has lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.
Having lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.
As they had not finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.
Not having finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)1）"for + 時(shí)間"狀語，或2）當(dāng)一個(gè)行為必須在另一個(gè)行為結(jié)束后才能開始的情況下，應(yīng)該用"完成式"，否定詞 "not" 要放在"having"的前面，即"Not having…"
提示：當(dāng)你在考試時(shí)分不清是否要用"完成式"時(shí)，應(yīng)傾向于選擇有"完成式"的選項(xiàng)。
5） If weather permits, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
Weather permitting, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
When all necessary data had been collected, they began the experiment.
All necessary data having been collected, they began the experiment.
（注：這個(gè)句子也可以寫成：All necessary data collected, they began the experiment.考試時(shí)按例4）提示選題）
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子的主語與非謂語動詞的主格不一致時(shí)，應(yīng)使用"獨(dú)立主格形式"，其他變化按上述各項(xiàng)規(guī)定處理
后置（即放在句子的后面）：
形式
功能
辨別要點(diǎn)
句子 + to do sth 1） 目的："為了…"
2） 結(jié)果："以致…"
3） 程度
4） 獨(dú)立成分 要特別注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） （in order） to / so as （such） to（目的）
2） （,） only to / so （such） as to（結(jié)果）
3） enough / too…to（程度）
4） 如： to tell you the truth,（獨(dú)立成分）
-ing /-ed ，+ 句子 1） 說明、伴隨或方式
2） 結(jié)果 分詞做"后置"狀語的多數(shù)為"-ing"形式，很少是"-ed"
需要說明的是：
1． 所謂"前置"和"后置"是相對的，這里這樣區(qū)分一是為了便于理解，二是根據(jù)職稱考試中出題的習(xí)慣，便于判題；
2． 關(guān)于功能，這里只是講了考試中較多出現(xiàn)的形式和結(jié)構(gòu)，對于諸如如何區(qū)分"目的"和"結(jié)果"等內(nèi)容，因與解題關(guān)系不大，這里就不作具體說明了。
下面把非謂語動詞中其他幾個(gè)重要問題用實(shí)例說明一下：
關(guān)于"不定式"作后置狀語的舉例（注意黑體字部分的表達(dá)形式）：
1） She was so angry as to be unable to speak. （她氣得連話都說不出來了。）
2） I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.（我與她不太熟悉，不便請她幫忙。）
3） She was too angry to say anything.（她氣得什么都說不出來了。）
4） I'm only too glad to help you.
注意與例3）的區(qū)別：only too與happy, pleased, glad 等詞使用時(shí)，表示"非常"：我非常愿意幫助你（能幫助你真是太高興了）。
5） We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. （only to…表示意想不到的結(jié)果：我們在雨中等了近3個(gè)小時(shí)，結(jié)果被告知約會取消了。）
6） To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.（公平地說，他最近工作一直非常努力。類似的表達(dá)方式還有：
to tell the truth（說實(shí)話）, to be frank（老實(shí)說），to go without saying （不用說 / 毫無疑問） 等。
關(guān)于分詞做后置狀語的舉例 （注意括號中句子的演變過程）：
1） She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. （她收到她兄弟發(fā)來的一份電子郵件，（郵件上）說她母親病得很厲害。= She received an E-mail from her brother, which（= an E-mail）said that her mother was seriously ill）
2） Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. （有些病人會發(fā)生嚴(yán)重感染，導(dǎo)致死亡。（= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.）
3） The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. （客人在經(jīng)理陪同下走進(jìn)辦公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.）
1） When she heard the noise, she went out to see what was happening.
Hearing the noise, she went out to see what was happening.
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子的主語（she）與 （非謂語） 動詞構(gòu)成主動語態(tài)時(shí)，只要將實(shí)義動詞（heard）恢復(fù)原形 （hear），后面加ing即可
2） When （或 If） the substance is heated to over 200℃, it will give off a poisonous gas.
Heated to 200 over 200℃, it （= the substance） will give off a poisonous gas.
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子的主語（it = the substance）與 （非謂語） 動詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)時(shí)，去掉be動詞，只保留動詞的-ed形式（heated）即可
3） As he did not want to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment.
Not wanting to hurt her feelings, he did not tell the truth at the moment
規(guī)則：非謂語動詞的否定式是在非謂語動詞前面（不是后面）加not構(gòu)成；其他變化按照例1）或例2）規(guī)定
4） As she has lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.
Having lived in China for over 20 years, she can speak Chinese fluently.
As they had not finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.
Not having finished the lessons, the students had to give up going to see the play.
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子中出現(xiàn)1）"for + 時(shí)間"狀語，或2）當(dāng)一個(gè)行為必須在另一個(gè)行為結(jié)束后才能開始的情況下，應(yīng)該用"完成式"，否定詞 "not" 要放在"having"的前面，即"Not having…"
提示：當(dāng)你在考試時(shí)分不清是否要用"完成式"時(shí)，應(yīng)傾向于選擇有"完成式"的選項(xiàng)。
5） If weather permits, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
Weather permitting, we'll go out for a picnic tomorrow.
When all necessary data had been collected, they began the experiment.
All necessary data having been collected, they began the experiment.
（注：這個(gè)句子也可以寫成：All necessary data collected, they began the experiment.考試時(shí)按例4）提示選題）
規(guī)則：當(dāng)句子的主語與非謂語動詞的主格不一致時(shí)，應(yīng)使用"獨(dú)立主格形式"，其他變化按上述各項(xiàng)規(guī)定處理
后置（即放在句子的后面）：
形式
功能
辨別要點(diǎn)
句子 + to do sth 1） 目的："為了…"
2） 結(jié)果："以致…"
3） 程度
4） 獨(dú)立成分 要特別注意以下結(jié)構(gòu)：
1） （in order） to / so as （such） to（目的）
2） （,） only to / so （such） as to（結(jié)果）
3） enough / too…to（程度）
4） 如： to tell you the truth,（獨(dú)立成分）
-ing /-ed ，+ 句子 1） 說明、伴隨或方式
2） 結(jié)果 分詞做"后置"狀語的多數(shù)為"-ing"形式，很少是"-ed"
需要說明的是：
1． 所謂"前置"和"后置"是相對的，這里這樣區(qū)分一是為了便于理解，二是根據(jù)職稱考試中出題的習(xí)慣，便于判題；
2． 關(guān)于功能，這里只是講了考試中較多出現(xiàn)的形式和結(jié)構(gòu)，對于諸如如何區(qū)分"目的"和"結(jié)果"等內(nèi)容，因與解題關(guān)系不大，這里就不作具體說明了。
下面把非謂語動詞中其他幾個(gè)重要問題用實(shí)例說明一下：
關(guān)于"不定式"作后置狀語的舉例（注意黑體字部分的表達(dá)形式）：
1） She was so angry as to be unable to speak. （她氣得連話都說不出來了。）
2） I don't know her well enough to ask her for help.（我與她不太熟悉，不便請她幫忙。）
3） She was too angry to say anything.（她氣得什么都說不出來了。）
4） I'm only too glad to help you.
注意與例3）的區(qū)別：only too與happy, pleased, glad 等詞使用時(shí)，表示"非常"：我非常愿意幫助你（能幫助你真是太高興了）。
5） We waited in the train for nearly three hours, only to be told that the appointment had been canceled. （only to…表示意想不到的結(jié)果：我們在雨中等了近3個(gè)小時(shí)，結(jié)果被告知約會取消了。）
6） To be fair, he has been working very hard recently.（公平地說，他最近工作一直非常努力。類似的表達(dá)方式還有：
to tell the truth（說實(shí)話）, to be frank（老實(shí)說），to go without saying （不用說 / 毫無疑問） 等。
關(guān)于分詞做后置狀語的舉例 （注意括號中句子的演變過程）：
1） She received an E-mail from her brother, saying that her mother was seriously ill. （她收到她兄弟發(fā)來的一份電子郵件，（郵件上）說她母親病得很厲害。= She received an E-mail from her brother, which（= an E-mail）said that her mother was seriously ill）
2） Serious infection may develop in some patients, resulting in death. （有些病人會發(fā)生嚴(yán)重感染，導(dǎo)致死亡。（= Serious infection may develop in some patients, which results in death.）
3） The guests entered the office, accompanied by the manager. （客人在經(jīng)理陪同下走進(jìn)辦公室。 = The guests entered the office, who were accompanied by the manager.）