職稱英語(yǔ)指導(dǎo):語(yǔ)法知識(shí)——介詞的意義1

字號(hào):

介詞是一種結(jié)構(gòu)詞,不能單獨(dú)擔(dān)任句子成分。介詞的作用是表示它后面的賓語(yǔ)同句中其它詞語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。介詞與它的賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)可以充當(dāng)多種句子成分。如:
    The cost of food is rising. (定語(yǔ))
    She was ill during the meeting. (狀語(yǔ))
    I found him in very good shape. (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))來(lái)源:考試大
    通常介詞可分為四類:
    簡(jiǎn)單介詞:at, in, from, on;
    復(fù)合介詞:upon, inside, outside;來(lái)源:考試大
    雙重介詞:from behind, from among;
    短語(yǔ)介詞:in case of, according to.
    介詞的意義來(lái)源:考試大
    1.表示時(shí)間的介詞
    in表示“在某一時(shí)間段”,或“在……某一時(shí)候”,如用在月、季、年份、時(shí)代、世紀(jì)等時(shí)間名詞的前面,或用來(lái)泛指一天的某一段時(shí)間。
    in July / summer / 2000 / ancient times / the 1999‘s
    in the morning / afternoon / evening來(lái)源:考試大
    in也可以指“在……之后”,表示從說(shuō)話起的若干時(shí)間內(nèi),如:
    The bus will be here in ten minutes.
    on表示“在特定的某一天”,也可用于帶有修飾語(yǔ)的一天的某個(gè)時(shí)間段之前。如:on Saturday, on Saturday morning, on the morning of August 1st
    at表示“在某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,或用來(lái)表示不確定的時(shí)間和短期的假日、時(shí)節(jié)等。如:
    at six o‘clock, at Easter來(lái)源:考試大
    介詞over, through(out)兩者均指“經(jīng)過(guò)的全部時(shí)間”。
    Stay over the Christmas.
    介詞for, since for表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)的全部時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度,為“長(zhǎng)達(dá)……”之意;since用于指從過(guò)去特定的某個(gè)時(shí)刻到說(shuō)話時(shí)為止的一段時(shí)間;兩者往往用于完成時(shí)。
    I have been there for six years.來(lái)源:考試大
    We have not seen each other since 1993.
    during指“在……時(shí)期/時(shí)間內(nèi)”,必須以表示一段時(shí)間的詞或詞組作賓語(yǔ)。
    She was ill for a week, and during that week she ate little.