Section I 繽紛自然篇
Passage 1
We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration (遷移) is probably the migration of fish, which is called “salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently (近來), scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龍蝦). Every year,
when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk
across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.
So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other
times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.
1.Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to _______.
A.give birth B. enjoy warmer weather
C. find food more easily D. find beautiful places
2.The fish called “salmon” spends a long time in ______.
A. salt water B. rivers C. fresh water D. its birthplace
3.The mice in northern Europe move when _______.
A. they give birth B. the place gets too crowded
C. the weather is bad D. they haven’t enough food
4.The lobsters move ________.
A. to the fresh water B. at a certain time C. to the undersea D. to find more food
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Animals move to find food more easily.
B.The migration of the fish called “salmon” is the most famous migration.
C.Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.
D. Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don’t.
Passage 2
If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).
A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (軌道) than the earth travels.
If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then?
Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.
Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see.
An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again.
1.A comet is like ________.
A. sun B. moon C. sunlight D. the earth
2.A large part of a comet is ______.
A.water and rock B. water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron
C. ice, iron and rock dust D. only a few big pieces of rock
3.Maybe many people _______.
A. haven’t seen any comets B. have seen all comets
C. have seen a comet at daytime D. have seen a comet
4.Some comets keep coming back ________.
A. at any time B. at noon C. at regular times D. at daytime
5.Halley’s Comets came back _____.
A. in 1990 B. in 1980 C. in 1986 D. in 1989
Passage 3
Do you know something about tree rings (年輪)? Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago?
A tree will grow well in a climate (氣候)with lots of sunshine and rainfall. And little sunshine or rainfall will limit (限制)the growth of climate by studying the tree rings. For example, to find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year. If it is near to the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad.
Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of weather but also for studying the history of man. Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico. But now you can find only sand there—no trees and no people. What happened?
A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there. He found that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings. As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.
1._____ in good climate.
A. Tree rings grow far from each other B. Tree rings become thinner
C. Trees don’t need sunshine or rainfall D. People can cut down most of the trees
2.The scientists are interested in studying tree rings because tree rings can tell ______.
A.whether a tree was strong or not B. whether people took good care of the trees or not
C. whether the climate was good or not D. how old the trees were
3.If you want to find out the weather of twenty years ago, you should study _______.
A. the twentieth ring B. the tenth ring
C. the nineteenth ring D. the twenty-first ring
4.Why did people usually live in places with lots of trees?
A.Trees could tell the change of the weather
B.Trees brought lots of sunshine and rain
C.Trees could make weather not too hot or too cold
D.Trees could be used for burning and for building house
5.The people had to leave the place in New Mexico because _______.
A.had weather stopped the growth of trees
B.they no longer had water and the land became sand
C.they didn’t have enough trees for burning
D.there was too much rain there
Passage 4
All our food comes from the soil (土壤). Some of us eat meat, but animals live on plants. If these were no plants, we should have no animals and meat. So the soil is necessary for life.
The top of ground is usually covered with grass or other plants. Plants grow in soil, which has a dark color. This dark soil is humus, dead leaves, dead plants and animal waste make it, but this takes a long time. When the humus has been made, plants can grow well in it.
All soil needs food. If we don’t give it any, the plants will be weak. Animals waste is the best food for the soil, but chemical fertilizers (化肥) are also very useful. The same crop should not be grown in the same place every year; it is better to have a different crop. A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land in good condition.
When the soil is dry, the wind blows it away. Sometimes heavy rain carries the humus down to a river. People should grow more and more trees and grass to stop wind from carrying the humus away. It takes hundreds of years to make humus, and so we must save every bit of it. Without soil, where can we grow food?
1.From the text, we know people live on _______.
A. animal B. plant C. meat D. soil
2.The word “humus” means _____ in Chinese.
A.微生物 B.土壤 C.腐殖土 D.粘土
3.We should _______ to keep the soil.
A. give more fertilizers B. kill more animals
C. make more humus D. grow more trees and grass
4.We should save every bit of humus, because ______.
A.it takes a long time to make humus
B.the more humus in the soil, the better plants grow
C.the chemical fertilizers are expensive
D.A and B
5.The best title of this text should be ______.
A.Soil is necessary to people
B.The same crop can’t be grown in the same place every year
C.Soil’s food is chemical fertilizers
D.Humus is hard to make
Passage 5
In the sea there are many islands. In its warm waters there are some little ones. We call them “coral Islands”.
A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land (一圈陸地) with trees, grass, and flowers on it. One part of the ring is open to the water. There is a little round lake inside the island.
If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral. You say think they are flowers. If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes in it. In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral.
They began to build under the water. Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water.
Then the sea brought it small trees and something else. After some years, these things changed into earth. Sometimes the wind brought seeds (種子) to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island.
The little seeds grew. In a few years there were plants all over the island. In a few more years there were trees growing there.
So you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small. Do they not teach us a lesson? Can you think what the lesson is?
1.In the sea ________.
A. there are coral islands in all places B. there are some coral islands
C. the water is always warm D. we can see many flowers
2.A coral island looks like __________.
A. a round cake B. trees, grass and flowers
C. a ring of land D. a round lake
3.There are _______ in the holes in corals.
A. flowers B. little corals C. grass D. sea animals
4.How did seeds of trees, grass and flowers come to the coral islands? ________
A.The wind and birds brought them to the coral islands
B.Only the wind brought them there
C.People brought them there
D.Fishes brought them there
5.From the story we learn that ___________.
A.small workers can’t do big things
B.only big workers can do big things
C.small workers can do big things if they work hard work and work a long time
D.all small things can do big things
Passage 6
When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth. They often happen near the mountains.
During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack (斷裂) open. Houses fall, people are killed or hurt, and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed.
Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and make maps that show the “earthquake belts”. In areas (地區(qū)) in these belts, it’s possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.
In the future, scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happen. They can also tell people what to do and how to do it.
1.A large number of earthquakes often happens ________.
A. in the area B. on land C. at night D. next to mountains
2.The reason for an earthquake is _______.
A.the result of rock plate sudden movement
B.that there are so many plates on the earth
C.that the sea is too deep
D.rocks’ cracking open
3.A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people ______.
A.what kind of houses to build
B.what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake
C.where earthquake may happen
D.how to keep themselves safe during an earthquake
4.In the future we’ll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes ______.
A.with the help of scientists’ exact prediction (預(yù)報(bào))
B.because of a map showing the “earthquake belts”
C.because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes
D.as scientists know what to do and how to do it
5.Choose the best title fro the passage.
A.An Earthquake B. A Scientist and an Earthquake
C. How to Fight Against Earthquake D. Earthquakes Today and Tomorrow
Passage 7
It seems to us that the earth stands quite still (靜止的). But it is really moving all the time. It turns around a make-believe line through its center. We call this make-believe line the earth’s axis (地軸). The two ends of the earth’s axis are called its poles (極). The earth travels twenty-four hours around its axis once.
We look at the sun and say it “travels” across the sky, but the sun doesn’t really do so. The turning of the earth makes us feel as if the sun were moving across the sky. We can’t see that the earth is moving because everything else on the earth is turning with us. As the earth turns around every twenty-four hours, first one half faces the sun and then the other half. When our half of the earth is facing the sun, we say it is “day”. When our half is away from the sun, we say it is “night”. It is the turning of the earth that tells us when to go to bed and when to get up.
1.The meaning of “a make-believe line” is “a line that ______”.
A. is called pole B. we can’t see
C. anyone can see D. we can make and believe
2.It takes the earth ______ to turn around its axis once.
A. a week B. a month C. 12 hours D. 24 hours
3.Usually we say, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” In fact, the sun _______.
A. does not move B. is moving all the time
C. moves sometimes D. is too heavy to move
4.We can’t see the earth moving because _________.
A. the earth stands still B. everything on the earth is moving with us
C. the earth is smaller than the sun D. the earth goes only at night
5.When our part of the earth turns away from the sun we have “______”, and when our part faces the sun we have “_____”.
A.day; night B. day; day C. night; day D. night; nightPassage 8
We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
No one likes the mosquito. But the mosquito may decide that she loves you. She? Yes, she. It’s true that male mosquito doesn’t bite (咬)and only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs. She is always looking for things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn’t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you are chosen. You’re different from the others!
If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different. After she bites, you will have an itch (癢) on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. By the time the itching begins, and she has flown away.
And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired. She just wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, on a leaf or a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs.
1.“Mosquito” means _______ in Chinese.
A.蒼蠅 B.蜻蜓 C. 跳蚤 D.蚊子
2.We know mosquitoes very well because ___________.
A. they can be found easily B. they fly here and there
C. there are many kinds of them D. they can fly
3.If the mosquito doesn’t bite you, it will ________.
A. get angry with you B. be afraid of you
C. make a lot of noise D. choose another one
4.The mosquito bites you _________.
A. when you’re asleep B. because you have choose it
C. too quickly to let you know D. but doesn’t like you
5.Which of the following sentences is wrong?
A. The itching begins after the mosquito bites you . B. You feel terrible when the mosquito bites you.
C. Mosquitoes use blood to lay eggs. D. All the mosquitoes don’t like to bite people for blood.
Passage 9
We’ve talked about snails (蝸牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells (殼) —sleeping.
Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep.
In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (觸角), are very weak. But its sense (感覺) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and the new greens.
A snail’s mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大頭針). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth are very small, and you can’t see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.
1.A snail _________.
A.moves more slowly at night B.has thousands of feet
C.doesn’t move at all D.sleeps much of the time
2.In the sentence “A snail draws its body into its shell”, the word “draw” means _____.
A. to make with a pencil B. to push C. to pull D. to move away
3.From the story, we know _________.
A. a snail’s shell is very thin B. a snail can’t see well
C. a snail’s nose is quite short D. a snail’s body changes in different seasons
4.A snail goes to sleep when _____.
A. it feels hungry B. it is put into a paper box
C. spring is coming D. it rains heavily
5.Which of the following is wrong?
A.In winter the snail doesn’t eat or move. B.A snail doesn’t like living under the sun.
C.The snail’s teeth can’t be worn out. D.The snail’s nose helps to find food.
Passage 10
Jupiter’s Moons and How They Travel
The many moons of Jupiter travel around the planet in different directions (方向).
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. Over the years, scientists have found that Jupiter has its own small solar system. Earth has one moon. Jupiter has at least sixteen and probably more.
Since there are so many moons, scientists began to number them. The numerals(numbers)tell the sequence, or order, in which the moons were found. They were slower to name the moons. All of Jupiter’s moons now have a name as well as a number.
The first five moons to be discovered are known as the “inner moons”. But they are not the closest to the planet. The closest is only 127,600 kilometers away from Jupiter. All the inner moons circle the planet in counter-clockwise direction, that is, opposite of the hands of a clock.
Jupiter’s middle group of moons are at least 11,100,000 kilometers from the planet. They also move in a counter-clockwise motion (moving). The four farthest moons are at least 20,700,000 kilometers away. These are called “outer moons”. They circle in a clockwise motion.
How many more moons do you think will be discovered？
1.What does “solar system” in this article mean？______
A. 銀河系 B. 宇宙空間 C. 流星雨 D. 太陽系
2.Things that travel in the same direction as the hands of a clock are said to be traveling in a______.
A. clockwise direction B. counter-clockwise direction
C. same direction D. different direction
3.Jupiter’s _____group of moons travel in a clockwise direction.
A. planets B. inner C. middle D. outer
4.The numbers given to Jupiter’s moons tell ______.
A. the order in which they were discovered B. the order in which they travel
C. the order of their distance from Jupiter D. the order of names
5.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？
A. None of Jupiter’s moons have names. B. Most of Jupiter's moons circle clockwise.
C. Jupiter's inner moons were discovered first. D. Jupiter is the nearest planet to the earth.
6.How far away are the middle group of moons from Jupiter？
A. It’s not mentioned. B. 11,100,000 kilometers away.
C. 127,600 kilometers away. D. 20,700,000 kilometers away.
Passage 11
WHY IS THE SUN IMPORTANT？
The sun is a huge, hot, bright star. It is important because without it there would be no life on Earth. The sun gives us light and heat.
All living things need light and heat from the sun to live. Plants need light and heat to grow. They use the light from the sun to make food. We cannot make our own food, but plants can. All the food we eat comes from plants in a food chain(鏈)which starts with the sun. For example,
Animals need sunlight, too. Just like us, their food comes from a food chain which begins with the sun and the plants.
sun→ leaf→ caterpillar(毛蟲)→bird
sun→ seaweed(海藻)→small fish→ whale(鯨)
Sunlight means we can see during the day. If there was no sun, it would be dark all the time. Even when the sky is cloudy, the sunlight is very strong and it shines through the clouds.
1.Which words tell us what the sun is like？
A. Huge. B. Hot. C. Bright. D. All above.
2.What are the two main things the sun gives us？
A. Light and heat. B. Heat and eggs. C. Corn and light. D. Wheat and bread.
3.Why can we still see during the day when the sky is cloudy？
A. Because we can see all day and all night.
B. Because the sun can't give us light all day long.
C. Because the sunlight can shine through the clouds.
D. Because we can't see at night.
4.All the food we eat comes from ______. And it starts with the _____.
A. plants; earth B. a food chain; sun
C. food; sun D. plants; star
5.In what way do you think the sun cannot be harmful(有害的)？
A. The sun can do harm to your eyes and skin.
B. It can make rivers too dry.
C. Without it there would be no life on Earth.
D. Hot sun on dry land can cause fires.
Passage 12
Most animals only have animals of a different kind for food. But sometimes two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴關(guān)系) which is good for them. You may have noticed some birds on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生蟲) on sheep. The sheep let the birds do so because they can stop the parasites from troubling them. So though they can do with it by themselves, they can do better together with each other.
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot do without each other. This is so in corals of the sea. Inside their bodies they have very small plants, which act as “cleaners”, taking the useless things from the coral and giving oxygen in return. That is what the animal needs to live. If the plants are killed, or are even kept from receiving light so that they cannot live as usual, the corals will die.
1.Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ________.
A. they can eat its parasites B. they enjoy traveling with the sheep
C. they can’t live without its parasites D. they want to find the warm place
2.The underlined word “they” in the first paragraph means _________.
A. birds and parasites B. birds and sheep
C. parasites and sheep D. birds, parasites and sheep
3.We learn from the passage that corals need plants for _______.
A. friends B. light C. food D. oxygen
4.The Chinese for the word “oxygen” is _________.
A. 氧氣 B. 空氣 C. 廢氣 D.二氧化碳
5.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. Some animals and plants cannot live without each other.
B. Some animals and plants cannot develop their friendship easily.
C. Some plants eat each other.
D. Some animals live better together.
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練答案詳解 繽紛自然篇
Passage 1
【答案與解析】這篇短文講述了某些生物的遷移這一自然現(xiàn)象，并分析了遷移的原因?？茖W(xué)家們近又研究了龍蝦海底成群結(jié)隊(duì)遷移的現(xiàn)象。它們選擇在每年天氣不好的季節(jié)里進(jìn)行遷移，其中的原因及遷移的目的，科學(xué)家尚未弄清楚。
1.C.起初一看，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)好像都在文中敘述過，但仔細(xì)分析題干中的“most animals”這一關(guān)鍵詞語，便可排除其它選項(xiàng)。在第一段后一句中可找到答案的出處。
2.A。有關(guān)“salmon”的情況在第二自然段中作了敘述。這種魚出生在淡水中，后不到咸水地區(qū)居住，在那里度過一生中絕大部分時(shí)光。到老了以后又回到它出生之時(shí)的淡水之中。仔細(xì)分析題干中的“spend a long life”和短文中的關(guān)鍵句“There it spends its life.”便可斷定答案為A。
3.B?！皌hey leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded.”一句是答案的出處。
4.B。該題答案的出處是文章的第三自然段。文中說，龍蝦是在海底成群結(jié)隊(duì)游動(dòng)的時(shí)間是每年天氣不好的季節(jié)，目的及它們到哪里去誰也不知道，余項(xiàng)與文章敘述不符。
5.D。文中第二自然段敘述了“salmon”和北歐的一種老鼠遷移方向和原因；第三自然段敘述了龍蝦的游動(dòng)情況，但原因不知道。后一段開頭一句正是對(duì)本文主題的概括。
Passage 2
【答案與解析】本文向我們介紹了有關(guān)彗星方面的知識(shí)。與地球一樣，彗星也是繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)的，它本身不發(fā)光，靠反射太陽的光而發(fā)亮。短文中還介紹了彗星的成因，它拖著的長(zhǎng)尾巴是如何形成的以及的哈雷彗星名字的由來。
1.D?！癓ike the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but…”是判斷本題的根據(jù)。
2.C。根據(jù)“…is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock.”這句話即能得出答案。
3.D。由第五段的首句“Many people perhaps have seen a comet.”可知。
4.C。“Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times.”一句是答案的出處。
5.C。哈雷彗星每七十六年才能看到。再結(jié)合“…the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986.”這句話的意思，即可得到答案。
Passage 3
【答案與解析】這篇短文介紹的是有關(guān)植物年輪方面的小知識(shí)。由于樹木的生長(zhǎng)要受到陽光、降水等方面的影響，從一棵樹上的年輪分布情況上，可以推斷出樹木所生長(zhǎng)地方以前的氣候狀況。年輪不僅對(duì)科學(xué)家研究地球上的氣候環(huán)境有非常重要的參考價(jià)值，而且更為有趣的是，它還能幫助科學(xué)家們研究人類的歷史呢。
1.A?！癐f the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year.”一句即是答案所在。
2.C。文章第一段“Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like…”和第三段的首句“Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of weather…”都有所暗示。
3.A。答案就在 “…to find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring…”一句中。
4.D。短文后一段說，人們建房做飯都離不開樹木。人所居住的周圍環(huán)境中如果沒有了樹木，那么人也就遷移了。所以答案為D。
5.B。根據(jù)后兩段所敘述的內(nèi)容，再聯(lián)系植物對(duì)人類的重要作用，則不難得出答案。
Passage 4
【答案與解析】土壤是人類賴以生存的自然條件之一。沒有了土壤或者是土壤受到了較為嚴(yán)重的破壞，就會(huì)直接危及到人類的生存。本文在闡述土壤的成因、特性和重要性之后，呼吁大家都要保護(hù)土壤。
1.D。綜合考慮第一段的意思，唯有D才是恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。
2.C。根據(jù)“This dark soil is humus, dead leaves, dead plants and animal waste make it, but this takes a long time.”一句所述，可推知這是一種由落葉、枯萎的植物以及動(dòng)物的糞便在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的腐爛后所產(chǎn)生的一種東西。由此不難得出答案為C。
3.D。答案就在“People should grow more and more trees and grass to stop wind from carrying the humus away.”這一句話之中。
4.D。由“When the humus has been made, plants can grow well in it.”和“It takes hundreds of years to make humus,”這兩句話所表達(dá)的意思，可知答案只能是D。
5.A。本文就是說明土壤對(duì)人類的重要性的。事實(shí)上，文章結(jié)尾的那句話已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明主旨。
Passage 5
【答案與解析】在大海的溫水區(qū)域，我們常常可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些珊瑚島。本文向我們描述了珊瑚島形成的自然過程。文章后，作者有感而發(fā)，以問句結(jié)束全文，發(fā)人深思，耐人尋味。
1.B。文章第一段就是講的“在海中較暖和的水域，常有一些珊瑚島”這一事實(shí)。A顯然是不對(duì)的。
2.C。根據(jù)“A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land with trees, grass, and flowers on it.”這句話不難得出答案。
3.D。答案即在“In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral.”一句中。
4.A。倒數(shù)第三段中的“Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island.”這句話對(duì)此有明確的說明。
5.C。由這一小小的自然現(xiàn)象，作者聯(lián)想到工作在平凡崗位上的工人們，寓意非常深刻。作者的思想感情由后一段作者的議論可以體會(huì)到。
Passage 6
【答案與解析】地震是地球上對(duì)人類生存構(gòu)成威脅的嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之一?？茖W(xué)家們經(jīng)過研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了地震活動(dòng)頻繁的地方。生活在地震帶地方的人們可以采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧p少其危害。也許，將來科學(xué)家們能在地震之前預(yù)測(cè)出發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間。
1.D。第一節(jié)后的一句話是本題答案的出處。答案題時(shí)，尤其要注意該句中的often一詞。
2.B。短文的“When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens”這一句明確告訴我們：地球板塊突然移動(dòng)時(shí)，就導(dǎo)致地震的發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)A 不是地震的成因，而是地震產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。這從“…the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack open”一句中可以看出。
3.C。地震帶(earthquake belts)是可能發(fā)生地震的地方。這由第三段的中間幾句所描述的內(nèi)容可知。
4.A。將來科學(xué)家能預(yù)測(cè)出地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。有了這種精確的預(yù)報(bào)，人們當(dāng)然不會(huì)再對(duì)地震那么恐懼了。
5.A。短文主要圍繞地震的成因、危害以及對(duì)未來科學(xué)家們從事地震研究的展望，向我們介紹了地震方面的知識(shí)。故選項(xiàng)A為佳答案。
Passage 7
【答案與解析】這是一篇介紹地球的自轉(zhuǎn)、公轉(zhuǎn)以及晝夜的交替等自然現(xiàn)象的成因的短文。借助地理學(xué)知識(shí)，是不難理解的。
1.B。根據(jù)句子的意思及地理課上學(xué)到的知識(shí)，可知地球繞其中心旋轉(zhuǎn)的那條線叫做地軸。這是一條假想的、看不見的東西。故答案是B。
2.D。根據(jù)“The earth travels twenty-four hours around its axis once.”這個(gè)句子可直接選出正確答案。事實(shí)上，確切地說，地球自轉(zhuǎn)一周所用的時(shí)間是23時(shí)48分46秒。
3.A。答案就在“… but the sun doesn’t really do so. The turning of the earth makes us feel as if the sun were moving across the sky.”這兩句話中。選項(xiàng)D迷惑性較大，但是這利用由地理知識(shí)來排除。
4.B。這是表層理解題，很明顯答案在“…because everything else on the earth is turning with us”一句中。
5.C。只要理解了“When our half of the earth is facing the sun, we say it is ‘day’. When our half is away from the sun, we say it is ‘night’.”這句話中face的意思，即它在此處用作動(dòng)詞(意思是“對(duì)著；面向”)，答案即可迎刃而解。
Passage 8
【答案與解析】這篇短文告訴我們：雌蚊子吸過人的血之后，就會(huì)找一個(gè)地方去休息一下，然后在葉子或墻上產(chǎn)下許多的卵。蚊子吮吸人的血液令人討厭，但它對(duì)人血還很挑剔呢。有的人，讓它叮咬，它還不干呢。如果下蚊子叮了你，那說明你與眾不同，倍受蚊子青睞。
1.D?！拔焙汀皶?huì)飛”是mosquitoes的兩個(gè)主要特征。根據(jù)這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)，聯(lián)系生活常識(shí)，即可選定答案。另外，讀罷全文之后，也能將其余選項(xiàng)予以排除。
2.B。“We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere.”一句是答案的出處。
3.D。答案就在“But if she doesn’t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood.”這句話之中。
4.C。答案的依據(jù)是“…she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different.”一句。
5. B。其余三項(xiàng)在文中都有明確的說明。根據(jù)上面那個(gè)小題的內(nèi)容，B項(xiàng)明顯是錯(cuò)誤的。
Passage 9
【答案與解析】這篇短文向我們介紹了蝸牛的生活習(xí)性。無論是烈日當(dāng)空，還是大雨滂沱，蝸牛都會(huì)像整個(gè)冬季一樣，呆在殼里睡覺。春天來臨的時(shí)候，蝸牛就拖著三英寸長(zhǎng)的身體從殼里鉆出來，靠它那靈敏的觸角覓食。別看它的嘴比大頭針尖大不了多少，卻長(zhǎng)著25萬多顆牙齒呢！
1.D。根據(jù)開頭的“But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells ----sleeping.”這句話，顯然只有D是正確答案。
2.C。本題屬熟詞新義。由“Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell.”一句的意思，尤其是要仔細(xì)考慮關(guān)鍵詞“into”對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義的輔助作用，可知蝸牛一旦碰到炙熱的太陽，就會(huì)把身體蜷縮進(jìn)殼里。
3.B。答案即是“Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers are very weak.”這句話。
4.D。關(guān)鍵要理解好“So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too.”這句話中的“the same thing”的意思。事實(shí)上，由“In the spring the snail wakes up. … comes out from the shell.”和“…in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out!”是很容易排除B、C和A的。
5.C。根據(jù)短文后一句話“And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.”，可以判斷C項(xiàng)是明顯的錯(cuò)誤。
Passage 10
【答案與解析】這是一篇關(guān)于宇宙知識(shí)的科普短文。在太陽系中，木星是大的一顆行星。圍繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的衛(wèi)星有很多?？茖W(xué)家們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)的是離它較近的五顆名叫“內(nèi)部月亮”的衛(wèi)星，它們是以逆時(shí)針方向繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的。木星的不計(jì)其數(shù)的中間月亮團(tuán)也是以逆時(shí)針方向繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的。但它的近的四個(gè)“外部月亮”卻是以順時(shí)針方向繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的。
1. 選D。文中介紹Jupiter(木星)是大的行星，地球只有一個(gè)月亮，而木星至少有16個(gè)，甚至更多。由此可見，solar system即為太陽系，木星同地球一樣都是太陽系中的行星。
2. 選A?！癱lockwise direction”指“順時(shí)針方向”。文中對(duì)“counter-clockwise direction”的解釋是“opposite of the hands of a clock”，即“逆時(shí)針方向”。
3. 選D。遠(yuǎn)的四個(gè)月亮稱為“outer moons”，它們以順時(shí)針方向轉(zhuǎn)。
4. 選A。由文中“The numerals(numbers)tell the sequence, or order, in which the moons were found.”這句話可知。
5. 選C。統(tǒng)觀全文，可知選項(xiàng)A、B不符合文意，根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，選項(xiàng)D也不正確。再由環(huán)繞木星旋轉(zhuǎn)的月亮團(tuán)以依次發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間為序，由此推理可得出“the inner moons were discovered first”。
6. 選B。在文中可找到“Jupiter's middle group of moons are at least 11,100,000 kilometers from the planet.”。根據(jù)這一句話的意思，便可得知此題答案為B。
Passage 11
【答案與解析】本題以實(shí)例說明了太陽對(duì)地球上各種生物的重大作用。文中介紹說：太陽是一個(gè)巨大的火球，它發(fā)出的光和熱對(duì)于地球上的生物有著非常重要的意義。萬物生長(zhǎng)靠太陽。動(dòng)物與人類的食物都來自起始于太陽的食物鏈。
1.D。答案就在短文首句的“ The sun is a huge, hot, bright star.”之中，其中包含的三個(gè)形容詞正是本題的答案。
2.A.短文首段末句和第二段的首句“The sun gives us light and heat. All living things need light and heat from the sun to live.”是解答該題目的重要依據(jù)。
3.C.本小題屬于表層理解題。答案顯然在“If there was no sun，it would be dark all the time. Even when the sky is cloudy, the sunlight is very strong and it shines through the clouds.”一句中。
4.B.本小題同樣屬于表層理解題。“All the food we eat comes from plants in a food chain(鏈)which starts with the sun.”這句話是問題的出處。此句是定語從句，要仔細(xì)閱讀才能正確理解。
5.C.根據(jù)“It is important because without it there would be no life on Earth.”和“If there was no sun, it would be dark all the time.”這兩句話，可很容易將其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)排除。
Passage 12
【答案與解析】自然界中里的事情總是那么的奇妙。很多動(dòng)物都以不同種類的動(dòng)物作為自己的食物，有時(shí)兩種動(dòng)物還具有伙伴關(guān)系呢。有些動(dòng)物也以植物作為伙伴。比如：海洋生物珊瑚的體內(nèi)有一種很小的植物。這些植物消耗珊瑚身體內(nèi)無用的東西，并釋放出氧氣。而這些氧氣又是珊瑚生存所必需的。
1.A.本題屬于表層理解題。答案即在“This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生蟲) on sheep.”一句之中。
2.B.前文中的“The sheep let the birds do so because they can stop the parasites from troubling them.”的意思是說“綿羊讓鳥兒落在自己身上，因?yàn)轼B兒可以將它們身上的寄生蟲吃掉。”；另一句“So though they can do with it by themselves…”的意思是說“盡管它們自己也能對(duì)付寄生蟲……”。綜合上面兩句話的意思，再結(jié)合“…they can do better together with each other.”這一句話，即得答案。
3.D.顯然，根據(jù)“…taking the useless things from the coral and giving oxygen in return. That is what the animal needs to live.”這兩句話可知，珊瑚需要植物提供的氧氣才能生存下去。
4.D.聯(lián)系生物學(xué)常識(shí)，氧氣是各種生物賴以生存所必需的，所以由此可以推測(cè)出該詞的意思是“氧氣”。
5.A.根據(jù)這一自然段的內(nèi)容，珊瑚和它們體內(nèi)的植物具有相互依存的關(guān)系。因此，答案非A莫屬。選項(xiàng)D迷惑性較大。因?yàn)檫@一自然段主要說明了珊瑚與體內(nèi)植物的關(guān)系，它們?cè)谝粔K生存得很好。但選項(xiàng)D意思是“一些動(dòng)物在一起生存得更好?！敝灰⒁狻皠?dòng)物”和“植物”這兩個(gè)字眼，即可將此項(xiàng)排除。
Passage 1
We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.
When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration (遷移) is probably the migration of fish, which is called “salmon”. This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.
Recently (近來), scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龍蝦). Every year,
when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk
across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go.
So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another, but at other
times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.
1.Most animals move from one place to another at a certain time to _______.
A.give birth B. enjoy warmer weather
C. find food more easily D. find beautiful places
2.The fish called “salmon” spends a long time in ______.
A. salt water B. rivers C. fresh water D. its birthplace
3.The mice in northern Europe move when _______.
A. they give birth B. the place gets too crowded
C. the weather is bad D. they haven’t enough food
4.The lobsters move ________.
A. to the fresh water B. at a certain time C. to the undersea D. to find more food
5.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Animals move to find food more easily.
B.The migration of the fish called “salmon” is the most famous migration.
C.Living things move from one place to another because they like to travel.
D. Sometimes we know why and how living things move from one place to another, but sometimes we don’t.
Passage 2
If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).
A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (軌道) than the earth travels.
If a comet isn’t a star, what is it then?
Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.
Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see.
An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halley’s Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halley’s Comets when it comes near the earth again.
1.A comet is like ________.
A. sun B. moon C. sunlight D. the earth
2.A large part of a comet is ______.
A.water and rock B. water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron
C. ice, iron and rock dust D. only a few big pieces of rock
3.Maybe many people _______.
A. haven’t seen any comets B. have seen all comets
C. have seen a comet at daytime D. have seen a comet
4.Some comets keep coming back ________.
A. at any time B. at noon C. at regular times D. at daytime
5.Halley’s Comets came back _____.
A. in 1990 B. in 1980 C. in 1986 D. in 1989
Passage 3
Do you know something about tree rings (年輪)? Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like, sometimes even hundreds of years ago?
A tree will grow well in a climate (氣候)with lots of sunshine and rainfall. And little sunshine or rainfall will limit (限制)the growth of climate by studying the tree rings. For example, to find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year. If it is near to the eleventh ring, then the climate that year was bad.
Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of weather but also for studying the history of man. Many centuries ago there lived a lot of people at a place in New Mexico. But now you can find only sand there—no trees and no people. What happened?
A scientist studied the rings of dead trees there. He found that the people had to leave because they had cut down all the trees to make fires and buildings. As all the trees had gone, the people there had to move.
1._____ in good climate.
A. Tree rings grow far from each other B. Tree rings become thinner
C. Trees don’t need sunshine or rainfall D. People can cut down most of the trees
2.The scientists are interested in studying tree rings because tree rings can tell ______.
A.whether a tree was strong or not B. whether people took good care of the trees or not
C. whether the climate was good or not D. how old the trees were
3.If you want to find out the weather of twenty years ago, you should study _______.
A. the twentieth ring B. the tenth ring
C. the nineteenth ring D. the twenty-first ring
4.Why did people usually live in places with lots of trees?
A.Trees could tell the change of the weather
B.Trees brought lots of sunshine and rain
C.Trees could make weather not too hot or too cold
D.Trees could be used for burning and for building house
5.The people had to leave the place in New Mexico because _______.
A.had weather stopped the growth of trees
B.they no longer had water and the land became sand
C.they didn’t have enough trees for burning
D.there was too much rain there
Passage 4
All our food comes from the soil (土壤). Some of us eat meat, but animals live on plants. If these were no plants, we should have no animals and meat. So the soil is necessary for life.
The top of ground is usually covered with grass or other plants. Plants grow in soil, which has a dark color. This dark soil is humus, dead leaves, dead plants and animal waste make it, but this takes a long time. When the humus has been made, plants can grow well in it.
All soil needs food. If we don’t give it any, the plants will be weak. Animals waste is the best food for the soil, but chemical fertilizers (化肥) are also very useful. The same crop should not be grown in the same place every year; it is better to have a different crop. A change of crop and the use of a good fertilizer will keep the land in good condition.
When the soil is dry, the wind blows it away. Sometimes heavy rain carries the humus down to a river. People should grow more and more trees and grass to stop wind from carrying the humus away. It takes hundreds of years to make humus, and so we must save every bit of it. Without soil, where can we grow food?
1.From the text, we know people live on _______.
A. animal B. plant C. meat D. soil
2.The word “humus” means _____ in Chinese.
A.微生物 B.土壤 C.腐殖土 D.粘土
3.We should _______ to keep the soil.
A. give more fertilizers B. kill more animals
C. make more humus D. grow more trees and grass
4.We should save every bit of humus, because ______.
A.it takes a long time to make humus
B.the more humus in the soil, the better plants grow
C.the chemical fertilizers are expensive
D.A and B
5.The best title of this text should be ______.
A.Soil is necessary to people
B.The same crop can’t be grown in the same place every year
C.Soil’s food is chemical fertilizers
D.Humus is hard to make
Passage 5
In the sea there are many islands. In its warm waters there are some little ones. We call them “coral Islands”.
A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land (一圈陸地) with trees, grass, and flowers on it. One part of the ring is open to the water. There is a little round lake inside the island.
If you look into this lake, you will see beautiful coral. You say think they are flowers. If you look at a piece of coral, you will see many little holes in it. In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral.
They began to build under the water. Year after year, the coral grew higher and higher. At last it grew out of the water.
Then the sea brought it small trees and something else. After some years, these things changed into earth. Sometimes the wind brought seeds (種子) to this earth. Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island.
The little seeds grew. In a few years there were plants all over the island. In a few more years there were trees growing there.
So you see, these islands were built little by little. The workers were very small. Do they not teach us a lesson? Can you think what the lesson is?
1.In the sea ________.
A. there are coral islands in all places B. there are some coral islands
C. the water is always warm D. we can see many flowers
2.A coral island looks like __________.
A. a round cake B. trees, grass and flowers
C. a ring of land D. a round lake
3.There are _______ in the holes in corals.
A. flowers B. little corals C. grass D. sea animals
4.How did seeds of trees, grass and flowers come to the coral islands? ________
A.The wind and birds brought them to the coral islands
B.Only the wind brought them there
C.People brought them there
D.Fishes brought them there
5.From the story we learn that ___________.
A.small workers can’t do big things
B.only big workers can do big things
C.small workers can do big things if they work hard work and work a long time
D.all small things can do big things
Passage 6
When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens. Many earthquakes begin under the sea. Earthquakes may happen anywhere on the earth. They often happen near the mountains.
During an earthquake, the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack (斷裂) open. Houses fall, people are killed or hurt, and sometimes the whole villages or cities are destroyed.
Can we do something to keep ourselves safe from earthquakes? Scientists have studied earthquakes and make maps that show the “earthquake belts”. In areas (地區(qū)) in these belts, it’s possible for earthquakes to happen. In these areas we should build strong houses to fight against earthquakes.
In the future, scientists will be able to tell when and where an earthquake will be before they happen. They can also tell people what to do and how to do it.
1.A large number of earthquakes often happens ________.
A. in the area B. on land C. at night D. next to mountains
2.The reason for an earthquake is _______.
A.the result of rock plate sudden movement
B.that there are so many plates on the earth
C.that the sea is too deep
D.rocks’ cracking open
3.A map showing the earthquake belts will tell people ______.
A.what kind of houses to build
B.what kind of houses can stay up in an earthquake
C.where earthquake may happen
D.how to keep themselves safe during an earthquake
4.In the future we’ll be no longer so afraid of earthquakes ______.
A.with the help of scientists’ exact prediction (預(yù)報(bào))
B.because of a map showing the “earthquake belts”
C.because we can guess the date and place of earthquakes
D.as scientists know what to do and how to do it
5.Choose the best title fro the passage.
A.An Earthquake B. A Scientist and an Earthquake
C. How to Fight Against Earthquake D. Earthquakes Today and Tomorrow
Passage 7
It seems to us that the earth stands quite still (靜止的). But it is really moving all the time. It turns around a make-believe line through its center. We call this make-believe line the earth’s axis (地軸). The two ends of the earth’s axis are called its poles (極). The earth travels twenty-four hours around its axis once.
We look at the sun and say it “travels” across the sky, but the sun doesn’t really do so. The turning of the earth makes us feel as if the sun were moving across the sky. We can’t see that the earth is moving because everything else on the earth is turning with us. As the earth turns around every twenty-four hours, first one half faces the sun and then the other half. When our half of the earth is facing the sun, we say it is “day”. When our half is away from the sun, we say it is “night”. It is the turning of the earth that tells us when to go to bed and when to get up.
1.The meaning of “a make-believe line” is “a line that ______”.
A. is called pole B. we can’t see
C. anyone can see D. we can make and believe
2.It takes the earth ______ to turn around its axis once.
A. a week B. a month C. 12 hours D. 24 hours
3.Usually we say, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.” In fact, the sun _______.
A. does not move B. is moving all the time
C. moves sometimes D. is too heavy to move
4.We can’t see the earth moving because _________.
A. the earth stands still B. everything on the earth is moving with us
C. the earth is smaller than the sun D. the earth goes only at night
5.When our part of the earth turns away from the sun we have “______”, and when our part faces the sun we have “_____”.
A.day; night B. day; day C. night; day D. night; nightPassage 8
We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere. They can be found almost all over the world, and there are more than 2,500 kinds of them.
No one likes the mosquito. But the mosquito may decide that she loves you. She? Yes, she. It’s true that male mosquito doesn’t bite (咬)and only the female mosquito bites because she needs blood to lay eggs. She is always looking for things or people she wants to bite. If she likes what she finds, she bites. But if she doesn’t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood. Next time a mosquito bites you, just remember you are chosen. You’re different from the others!
If the mosquito likes you, she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different. After she bites, you will have an itch (癢) on your body because she puts something from her mouth together with your blood. By the time the itching begins, and she has flown away.
And then what happens? Well, after her delicious dinner, the mosquito feels tired. She just wants to find a place to have a good rest. There, on a leaf or a wall, she begins to lay eggs, hundreds of eggs.
1.“Mosquito” means _______ in Chinese.
A.蒼蠅 B.蜻蜓 C. 跳蚤 D.蚊子
2.We know mosquitoes very well because ___________.
A. they can be found easily B. they fly here and there
C. there are many kinds of them D. they can fly
3.If the mosquito doesn’t bite you, it will ________.
A. get angry with you B. be afraid of you
C. make a lot of noise D. choose another one
4.The mosquito bites you _________.
A. when you’re asleep B. because you have choose it
C. too quickly to let you know D. but doesn’t like you
5.Which of the following sentences is wrong?
A. The itching begins after the mosquito bites you . B. You feel terrible when the mosquito bites you.
C. Mosquitoes use blood to lay eggs. D. All the mosquitoes don’t like to bite people for blood.
Passage 9
We’ve talked about snails (蝸牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells (殼) —sleeping.
Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep.
In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from the shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (觸角), are very weak. But its sense (感覺) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and the new greens.
A snail’s mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大頭針). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth are very small, and you can’t see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.
1.A snail _________.
A.moves more slowly at night B.has thousands of feet
C.doesn’t move at all D.sleeps much of the time
2.In the sentence “A snail draws its body into its shell”, the word “draw” means _____.
A. to make with a pencil B. to push C. to pull D. to move away
3.From the story, we know _________.
A. a snail’s shell is very thin B. a snail can’t see well
C. a snail’s nose is quite short D. a snail’s body changes in different seasons
4.A snail goes to sleep when _____.
A. it feels hungry B. it is put into a paper box
C. spring is coming D. it rains heavily
5.Which of the following is wrong?
A.In winter the snail doesn’t eat or move. B.A snail doesn’t like living under the sun.
C.The snail’s teeth can’t be worn out. D.The snail’s nose helps to find food.
Passage 10
Jupiter’s Moons and How They Travel
The many moons of Jupiter travel around the planet in different directions (方向).
Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system. Over the years, scientists have found that Jupiter has its own small solar system. Earth has one moon. Jupiter has at least sixteen and probably more.
Since there are so many moons, scientists began to number them. The numerals(numbers)tell the sequence, or order, in which the moons were found. They were slower to name the moons. All of Jupiter’s moons now have a name as well as a number.
The first five moons to be discovered are known as the “inner moons”. But they are not the closest to the planet. The closest is only 127,600 kilometers away from Jupiter. All the inner moons circle the planet in counter-clockwise direction, that is, opposite of the hands of a clock.
Jupiter’s middle group of moons are at least 11,100,000 kilometers from the planet. They also move in a counter-clockwise motion (moving). The four farthest moons are at least 20,700,000 kilometers away. These are called “outer moons”. They circle in a clockwise motion.
How many more moons do you think will be discovered？
1.What does “solar system” in this article mean？______
A. 銀河系 B. 宇宙空間 C. 流星雨 D. 太陽系
2.Things that travel in the same direction as the hands of a clock are said to be traveling in a______.
A. clockwise direction B. counter-clockwise direction
C. same direction D. different direction
3.Jupiter’s _____group of moons travel in a clockwise direction.
A. planets B. inner C. middle D. outer
4.The numbers given to Jupiter’s moons tell ______.
A. the order in which they were discovered B. the order in which they travel
C. the order of their distance from Jupiter D. the order of names
5.According to the passage，which of the following statements is true？
A. None of Jupiter’s moons have names. B. Most of Jupiter's moons circle clockwise.
C. Jupiter's inner moons were discovered first. D. Jupiter is the nearest planet to the earth.
6.How far away are the middle group of moons from Jupiter？
A. It’s not mentioned. B. 11,100,000 kilometers away.
C. 127,600 kilometers away. D. 20,700,000 kilometers away.
Passage 11
WHY IS THE SUN IMPORTANT？
The sun is a huge, hot, bright star. It is important because without it there would be no life on Earth. The sun gives us light and heat.
All living things need light and heat from the sun to live. Plants need light and heat to grow. They use the light from the sun to make food. We cannot make our own food, but plants can. All the food we eat comes from plants in a food chain(鏈)which starts with the sun. For example,
Animals need sunlight, too. Just like us, their food comes from a food chain which begins with the sun and the plants.
sun→ leaf→ caterpillar(毛蟲)→bird
sun→ seaweed(海藻)→small fish→ whale(鯨)
Sunlight means we can see during the day. If there was no sun, it would be dark all the time. Even when the sky is cloudy, the sunlight is very strong and it shines through the clouds.
1.Which words tell us what the sun is like？
A. Huge. B. Hot. C. Bright. D. All above.
2.What are the two main things the sun gives us？
A. Light and heat. B. Heat and eggs. C. Corn and light. D. Wheat and bread.
3.Why can we still see during the day when the sky is cloudy？
A. Because we can see all day and all night.
B. Because the sun can't give us light all day long.
C. Because the sunlight can shine through the clouds.
D. Because we can't see at night.
4.All the food we eat comes from ______. And it starts with the _____.
A. plants; earth B. a food chain; sun
C. food; sun D. plants; star
5.In what way do you think the sun cannot be harmful(有害的)？
A. The sun can do harm to your eyes and skin.
B. It can make rivers too dry.
C. Without it there would be no life on Earth.
D. Hot sun on dry land can cause fires.
Passage 12
Most animals only have animals of a different kind for food. But sometimes two kinds of animals come together in a partnership (伙伴關(guān)系) which is good for them. You may have noticed some birds on the backs of sheep. This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生蟲) on sheep. The sheep let the birds do so because they can stop the parasites from troubling them. So though they can do with it by themselves, they can do better together with each other.
Sometimes an animal has a plant partner. The relationship develops until the two partners cannot do without each other. This is so in corals of the sea. Inside their bodies they have very small plants, which act as “cleaners”, taking the useless things from the coral and giving oxygen in return. That is what the animal needs to live. If the plants are killed, or are even kept from receiving light so that they cannot live as usual, the corals will die.
1.Some birds like to sit on a sheep because ________.
A. they can eat its parasites B. they enjoy traveling with the sheep
C. they can’t live without its parasites D. they want to find the warm place
2.The underlined word “they” in the first paragraph means _________.
A. birds and parasites B. birds and sheep
C. parasites and sheep D. birds, parasites and sheep
3.We learn from the passage that corals need plants for _______.
A. friends B. light C. food D. oxygen
4.The Chinese for the word “oxygen” is _________.
A. 氧氣 B. 空氣 C. 廢氣 D.二氧化碳
5.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. Some animals and plants cannot live without each other.
B. Some animals and plants cannot develop their friendship easily.
C. Some plants eat each other.
D. Some animals live better together.
實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練答案詳解 繽紛自然篇
Passage 1
【答案與解析】這篇短文講述了某些生物的遷移這一自然現(xiàn)象，并分析了遷移的原因?？茖W(xué)家們近又研究了龍蝦海底成群結(jié)隊(duì)遷移的現(xiàn)象。它們選擇在每年天氣不好的季節(jié)里進(jìn)行遷移，其中的原因及遷移的目的，科學(xué)家尚未弄清楚。
1.C.起初一看，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)好像都在文中敘述過，但仔細(xì)分析題干中的“most animals”這一關(guān)鍵詞語，便可排除其它選項(xiàng)。在第一段后一句中可找到答案的出處。
2.A。有關(guān)“salmon”的情況在第二自然段中作了敘述。這種魚出生在淡水中，后不到咸水地區(qū)居住，在那里度過一生中絕大部分時(shí)光。到老了以后又回到它出生之時(shí)的淡水之中。仔細(xì)分析題干中的“spend a long life”和短文中的關(guān)鍵句“There it spends its life.”便可斷定答案為A。
3.B?！皌hey leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded.”一句是答案的出處。
4.B。該題答案的出處是文章的第三自然段。文中說，龍蝦是在海底成群結(jié)隊(duì)游動(dòng)的時(shí)間是每年天氣不好的季節(jié)，目的及它們到哪里去誰也不知道，余項(xiàng)與文章敘述不符。
5.D。文中第二自然段敘述了“salmon”和北歐的一種老鼠遷移方向和原因；第三自然段敘述了龍蝦的游動(dòng)情況，但原因不知道。后一段開頭一句正是對(duì)本文主題的概括。
Passage 2
【答案與解析】本文向我們介紹了有關(guān)彗星方面的知識(shí)。與地球一樣，彗星也是繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)的，它本身不發(fā)光，靠反射太陽的光而發(fā)亮。短文中還介紹了彗星的成因，它拖著的長(zhǎng)尾巴是如何形成的以及的哈雷彗星名字的由來。
1.D?！癓ike the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but…”是判斷本題的根據(jù)。
2.C。根據(jù)“…is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock.”這句話即能得出答案。
3.D。由第五段的首句“Many people perhaps have seen a comet.”可知。
4.C。“Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times.”一句是答案的出處。
5.C。哈雷彗星每七十六年才能看到。再結(jié)合“…the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986.”這句話的意思，即可得到答案。
Passage 3
【答案與解析】這篇短文介紹的是有關(guān)植物年輪方面的小知識(shí)。由于樹木的生長(zhǎng)要受到陽光、降水等方面的影響，從一棵樹上的年輪分布情況上，可以推斷出樹木所生長(zhǎng)地方以前的氣候狀況。年輪不僅對(duì)科學(xué)家研究地球上的氣候環(huán)境有非常重要的參考價(jià)值，而且更為有趣的是，它還能幫助科學(xué)家們研究人類的歷史呢。
1.A?！癐f the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring, then we’re sure that it was sunny and rainy most of that year.”一句即是答案所在。
2.C。文章第一段“Do you know they can tell us what the weather was like…”和第三段的首句“Tree rings are important not only for studying the history of weather…”都有所暗示。
3.A。答案就在 “…to find out the weather of ten years ago, count the rings of a tree from the outside to the inside. If the tenth ring is far from the eleventh ring…”一句中。
4.D。短文后一段說，人們建房做飯都離不開樹木。人所居住的周圍環(huán)境中如果沒有了樹木，那么人也就遷移了。所以答案為D。
5.B。根據(jù)后兩段所敘述的內(nèi)容，再聯(lián)系植物對(duì)人類的重要作用，則不難得出答案。
Passage 4
【答案與解析】土壤是人類賴以生存的自然條件之一。沒有了土壤或者是土壤受到了較為嚴(yán)重的破壞，就會(huì)直接危及到人類的生存。本文在闡述土壤的成因、特性和重要性之后，呼吁大家都要保護(hù)土壤。
1.D。綜合考慮第一段的意思，唯有D才是恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)。
2.C。根據(jù)“This dark soil is humus, dead leaves, dead plants and animal waste make it, but this takes a long time.”一句所述，可推知這是一種由落葉、枯萎的植物以及動(dòng)物的糞便在長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的腐爛后所產(chǎn)生的一種東西。由此不難得出答案為C。
3.D。答案就在“People should grow more and more trees and grass to stop wind from carrying the humus away.”這一句話之中。
4.D。由“When the humus has been made, plants can grow well in it.”和“It takes hundreds of years to make humus,”這兩句話所表達(dá)的意思，可知答案只能是D。
5.A。本文就是說明土壤對(duì)人類的重要性的。事實(shí)上，文章結(jié)尾的那句話已經(jīng)點(diǎn)明主旨。
Passage 5
【答案與解析】在大海的溫水區(qū)域，我們常常可以發(fā)現(xiàn)一些珊瑚島。本文向我們描述了珊瑚島形成的自然過程。文章后，作者有感而發(fā)，以問句結(jié)束全文，發(fā)人深思，耐人尋味。
1.B。文章第一段就是講的“在海中較暖和的水域，常有一些珊瑚島”這一事實(shí)。A顯然是不對(duì)的。
2.C。根據(jù)“A coral island is very nice to look at. It looks like a ring of land with trees, grass, and flowers on it.”這句話不難得出答案。
3.D。答案即在“In each of these holes a very small sea animal has lived. These sea animals make the coral.”一句中。
4.A。倒數(shù)第三段中的“Sometimes birds flew over it and brought seeds to the island.”這句話對(duì)此有明確的說明。
5.C。由這一小小的自然現(xiàn)象，作者聯(lián)想到工作在平凡崗位上的工人們，寓意非常深刻。作者的思想感情由后一段作者的議論可以體會(huì)到。
Passage 6
【答案與解析】地震是地球上對(duì)人類生存構(gòu)成威脅的嚴(yán)重的自然災(zāi)害之一?？茖W(xué)家們經(jīng)過研究，發(fā)現(xiàn)了地震活動(dòng)頻繁的地方。生活在地震帶地方的人們可以采取適當(dāng)?shù)拇胧p少其危害。也許，將來科學(xué)家們能在地震之前預(yù)測(cè)出發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間。
1.D。第一節(jié)后的一句話是本題答案的出處。答案題時(shí)，尤其要注意該句中的often一詞。
2.B。短文的“When some plates of the earth move suddenly, an earthquake happens”這一句明確告訴我們：地球板塊突然移動(dòng)時(shí)，就導(dǎo)致地震的發(fā)生。選項(xiàng)A 不是地震的成因，而是地震產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。這從“…the shakings make rocks rise suddenly and even crack open”一句中可以看出。
3.C。地震帶(earthquake belts)是可能發(fā)生地震的地方。這由第三段的中間幾句所描述的內(nèi)容可知。
4.A。將來科學(xué)家能預(yù)測(cè)出地震發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。有了這種精確的預(yù)報(bào)，人們當(dāng)然不會(huì)再對(duì)地震那么恐懼了。
5.A。短文主要圍繞地震的成因、危害以及對(duì)未來科學(xué)家們從事地震研究的展望，向我們介紹了地震方面的知識(shí)。故選項(xiàng)A為佳答案。
Passage 7
【答案與解析】這是一篇介紹地球的自轉(zhuǎn)、公轉(zhuǎn)以及晝夜的交替等自然現(xiàn)象的成因的短文。借助地理學(xué)知識(shí)，是不難理解的。
1.B。根據(jù)句子的意思及地理課上學(xué)到的知識(shí)，可知地球繞其中心旋轉(zhuǎn)的那條線叫做地軸。這是一條假想的、看不見的東西。故答案是B。
2.D。根據(jù)“The earth travels twenty-four hours around its axis once.”這個(gè)句子可直接選出正確答案。事實(shí)上，確切地說，地球自轉(zhuǎn)一周所用的時(shí)間是23時(shí)48分46秒。
3.A。答案就在“… but the sun doesn’t really do so. The turning of the earth makes us feel as if the sun were moving across the sky.”這兩句話中。選項(xiàng)D迷惑性較大，但是這利用由地理知識(shí)來排除。
4.B。這是表層理解題，很明顯答案在“…because everything else on the earth is turning with us”一句中。
5.C。只要理解了“When our half of the earth is facing the sun, we say it is ‘day’. When our half is away from the sun, we say it is ‘night’.”這句話中face的意思，即它在此處用作動(dòng)詞(意思是“對(duì)著；面向”)，答案即可迎刃而解。
Passage 8
【答案與解析】這篇短文告訴我們：雌蚊子吸過人的血之后，就會(huì)找一個(gè)地方去休息一下，然后在葉子或墻上產(chǎn)下許多的卵。蚊子吮吸人的血液令人討厭，但它對(duì)人血還很挑剔呢。有的人，讓它叮咬，它還不干呢。如果下蚊子叮了你，那說明你與眾不同，倍受蚊子青睞。
1.D?！拔焙汀皶?huì)飛”是mosquitoes的兩個(gè)主要特征。根據(jù)這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)，聯(lián)系生活常識(shí)，即可選定答案。另外，讀罷全文之后，也能將其余選項(xiàng)予以排除。
2.B。“We know the mosquito very well. Mosquitoes fly everywhere.”一句是答案的出處。
3.D。答案就在“But if she doesn’t like your blood, she will turn to someone else for more delicious blood.”這句話之中。
4.C。答案的依據(jù)是“…she lands on your body without letting you know. She bites you so quickly and quietly that you may not feel anything different.”一句。
5. B。其余三項(xiàng)在文中都有明確的說明。根據(jù)上面那個(gè)小題的內(nèi)容，B項(xiàng)明顯是錯(cuò)誤的。
Passage 9
【答案與解析】這篇短文向我們介紹了蝸牛的生活習(xí)性。無論是烈日當(dāng)空，還是大雨滂沱，蝸牛都會(huì)像整個(gè)冬季一樣，呆在殼里睡覺。春天來臨的時(shí)候，蝸牛就拖著三英寸長(zhǎng)的身體從殼里鉆出來，靠它那靈敏的觸角覓食。別看它的嘴比大頭針尖大不了多少，卻長(zhǎng)著25萬多顆牙齒呢！
1.D。根據(jù)開頭的“But much of the time snails don’t move at all. They are in their shells ----sleeping.”這句話，顯然只有D是正確答案。
2.C。本題屬熟詞新義。由“Hot sun will dry out a snail’s body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell.”一句的意思，尤其是要仔細(xì)考慮關(guān)鍵詞“into”對(duì)猜測(cè)詞義的輔助作用，可知蝸牛一旦碰到炙熱的太陽，就會(huì)把身體蜷縮進(jìn)殼里。
3.B。答案即是“Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers are very weak.”這句話。
4.D。關(guān)鍵要理解好“So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too.”這句話中的“the same thing”的意思。事實(shí)上，由“In the spring the snail wakes up. … comes out from the shell.”和“…in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out!”是很容易排除B、C和A的。
5.C。根據(jù)短文后一句話“And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.”，可以判斷C項(xiàng)是明顯的錯(cuò)誤。
Passage 10
【答案與解析】這是一篇關(guān)于宇宙知識(shí)的科普短文。在太陽系中，木星是大的一顆行星。圍繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的衛(wèi)星有很多?？茖W(xué)家們首先發(fā)現(xiàn)的是離它較近的五顆名叫“內(nèi)部月亮”的衛(wèi)星，它們是以逆時(shí)針方向繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的。木星的不計(jì)其數(shù)的中間月亮團(tuán)也是以逆時(shí)針方向繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的。但它的近的四個(gè)“外部月亮”卻是以順時(shí)針方向繞其旋轉(zhuǎn)的。
1. 選D。文中介紹Jupiter(木星)是大的行星，地球只有一個(gè)月亮，而木星至少有16個(gè)，甚至更多。由此可見，solar system即為太陽系，木星同地球一樣都是太陽系中的行星。
2. 選A?！癱lockwise direction”指“順時(shí)針方向”。文中對(duì)“counter-clockwise direction”的解釋是“opposite of the hands of a clock”，即“逆時(shí)針方向”。
3. 選D。遠(yuǎn)的四個(gè)月亮稱為“outer moons”，它們以順時(shí)針方向轉(zhuǎn)。
4. 選A。由文中“The numerals(numbers)tell the sequence, or order, in which the moons were found.”這句話可知。
5. 選C。統(tǒng)觀全文，可知選項(xiàng)A、B不符合文意，根據(jù)常識(shí)判斷，選項(xiàng)D也不正確。再由環(huán)繞木星旋轉(zhuǎn)的月亮團(tuán)以依次發(fā)現(xiàn)的時(shí)間為序，由此推理可得出“the inner moons were discovered first”。
6. 選B。在文中可找到“Jupiter's middle group of moons are at least 11,100,000 kilometers from the planet.”。根據(jù)這一句話的意思，便可得知此題答案為B。
Passage 11
【答案與解析】本題以實(shí)例說明了太陽對(duì)地球上各種生物的重大作用。文中介紹說：太陽是一個(gè)巨大的火球，它發(fā)出的光和熱對(duì)于地球上的生物有著非常重要的意義。萬物生長(zhǎng)靠太陽。動(dòng)物與人類的食物都來自起始于太陽的食物鏈。
1.D。答案就在短文首句的“ The sun is a huge, hot, bright star.”之中，其中包含的三個(gè)形容詞正是本題的答案。
2.A.短文首段末句和第二段的首句“The sun gives us light and heat. All living things need light and heat from the sun to live.”是解答該題目的重要依據(jù)。
3.C.本小題屬于表層理解題。答案顯然在“If there was no sun，it would be dark all the time. Even when the sky is cloudy, the sunlight is very strong and it shines through the clouds.”一句中。
4.B.本小題同樣屬于表層理解題。“All the food we eat comes from plants in a food chain(鏈)which starts with the sun.”這句話是問題的出處。此句是定語從句，要仔細(xì)閱讀才能正確理解。
5.C.根據(jù)“It is important because without it there would be no life on Earth.”和“If there was no sun, it would be dark all the time.”這兩句話，可很容易將其余三個(gè)選項(xiàng)排除。
Passage 12
【答案與解析】自然界中里的事情總是那么的奇妙。很多動(dòng)物都以不同種類的動(dòng)物作為自己的食物，有時(shí)兩種動(dòng)物還具有伙伴關(guān)系呢。有些動(dòng)物也以植物作為伙伴。比如：海洋生物珊瑚的體內(nèi)有一種很小的植物。這些植物消耗珊瑚身體內(nèi)無用的東西，并釋放出氧氣。而這些氧氣又是珊瑚生存所必需的。
1.A.本題屬于表層理解題。答案即在“This is not because they want a ride, but because they find easy food in the parasites (寄生蟲) on sheep.”一句之中。
2.B.前文中的“The sheep let the birds do so because they can stop the parasites from troubling them.”的意思是說“綿羊讓鳥兒落在自己身上，因?yàn)轼B兒可以將它們身上的寄生蟲吃掉。”；另一句“So though they can do with it by themselves…”的意思是說“盡管它們自己也能對(duì)付寄生蟲……”。綜合上面兩句話的意思，再結(jié)合“…they can do better together with each other.”這一句話，即得答案。
3.D.顯然，根據(jù)“…taking the useless things from the coral and giving oxygen in return. That is what the animal needs to live.”這兩句話可知，珊瑚需要植物提供的氧氣才能生存下去。
4.D.聯(lián)系生物學(xué)常識(shí)，氧氣是各種生物賴以生存所必需的，所以由此可以推測(cè)出該詞的意思是“氧氣”。
5.A.根據(jù)這一自然段的內(nèi)容，珊瑚和它們體內(nèi)的植物具有相互依存的關(guān)系。因此，答案非A莫屬。選項(xiàng)D迷惑性較大。因?yàn)檫@一自然段主要說明了珊瑚與體內(nèi)植物的關(guān)系，它們?cè)谝粔K生存得很好。但選項(xiàng)D意思是“一些動(dòng)物在一起生存得更好?！敝灰⒁狻皠?dòng)物”和“植物”這兩個(gè)字眼，即可將此項(xiàng)排除。