2009年職稱英語理工類C級(jí)課程講義:詞匯(1)

字號(hào):

詞匯選擇試題以及分析:
    1.At midnight(午夜、半夜12點(diǎn)), we were aroused (吵醒)by a knock(敲) at the door. (answer: B)
    A. irritated:vt(使人惱怒、急噪)I am irradiated by the delay of the flight(航班的延誤).
    B. awakened: vt (弄醒,喚醒)my mother awakens me every morning.
    C. arisen(***): vi(是arise的過去分詞,出現(xiàn)、呈現(xiàn)、引起、發(fā)生,一般和介詞from搭配。)
    A new problem(問題) has arisen.
    arise = appear = come up = originate = cause
    D. annoyed:vt(是annoy的過去分詞, 使某人不悅、惹惱某人,打攪)
    His constant(不斷的。不停的) cries(哭鬧) annoy me.
    分析:arouse是一個(gè)多義詞,一般作為及物動(dòng)詞使用,基本含義有:喚醒某人,引起、激發(fā);鼓勵(lì)、鼓動(dòng)。我們可以參看教材上一道原題(衛(wèi)生類)
    In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.
    A. confuses(使人迷惑,混淆) B. excites(使人興奮、刺激,激發(fā))
    C. scares(恐嚇某人,嚇跑某人) D. diverts(轉(zhuǎn)移某人的注意力,使某物轉(zhuǎn)向)
    arouse = awaken = encourage = cause
    在06年的8題中,題目略做改動(dòng):
    It is the movement, not the color, of objects that excites the bull.
    A. frightens(使人感到恐懼、害怕) B. scares C. confuses D. arouses
    得出結(jié)論:不要背答案,要搞清每個(gè)常用詞的用法和同義詞,盡量在學(xué)習(xí)過程中能作到舉一反三。
    2.She was awarded(頒發(fā)、授予、) a prize(獎(jiǎng)) for the film(電影). (answer: A)
    A. given:vt(給、授予、讓步、供給), 常出現(xiàn)的固定搭配:give away泄露秘密,發(fā)放,頒發(fā); give forth發(fā)表,公布,發(fā)出聲音、氣味;give in屈服,交上;give way to讓步,坍塌,破裂
    B. rewarded:vt酬勞、獎(jiǎng)賞;n 報(bào)酬、賞金,常見搭配:
    as a reward for作為對(duì)某事的獎(jiǎng)賞;reward sb for sth為某事而報(bào)答某人,請(qǐng)注意派生詞:rewarding: adj 值得做的,令人滿意的 a rewarding film/trip(旅行)
    如:He rewarded the boy for finding his lost mobile phone.
    C. sent(是send過去分詞,送, 寄)
    The mother sends her children to school every morning.
    D. reminded(原形是remind, 提醒某人,使某人想起,常見搭配:remind sb of sth)
    The picture(照片) reminded me of my father.
    分析:award屬于詞義比較簡單的詞,一般表示頒發(fā)、授予、判定、給予,如:
    she was awarded a gold medal(金牌) as a swimming(游泳) champion(冠軍)
    3.Smoking(吸煙) will be banned (禁止)in all public(公共的) places here. (answer: A)
    A. forbidden: 原形是forbid, 意思是禁止,不許,常見搭配:forbid sb to do sth,
    The teacher forbids us to talk(說話) in the class.
    B. allowed(***): 原形allow, 允許、準(zhǔn)許某人做某事,allow sb to do sth, 如:
    My boss(老板) doesn’t allow me to use(使用)the phone(電話).
    C. permitted : vt 原形permit, 允許,許可,使某事有可能性,同義詞allow, let.
    allow = permit = let
    D. promoted(***): v 原形promote, 促進(jìn)、增進(jìn)、發(fā)揚(yáng)、提升、請(qǐng)注意派生的名詞:promotion: 提升、促銷,提倡、贊助。
    如:She worked hard and was promoted very soon. (她工作努力,很快獲得晉升。)
    the organization(組織) works to promote(促進(jìn)) friendship(友誼) between nations(兩國之間的).
    我們可以一起來看一下教材中的一道題:
    Smoking is not permitted in the office. (07教材37頁)
    A. probable:形容詞,可能的,同義詞:possible
    B. possible:形容詞,可能的,同義詞:probable)
    C. admitted:動(dòng)詞,承認(rèn)、允許某人進(jìn)入,如:
    1). The small window admits very little light(陽光).
    2). I admitted I was wrong. (我承認(rèn)我錯(cuò)了。)
    D. allowed = permitted
    4.That guy(家伙,小伙子) is intelligent(聰明的), but a bit dull (沉悶的、乏味的、單調(diào)的). (answer: D)
    A. strange:奇怪的、陌生的、不同尋常的,常見搭配:be strange to sth
    he’s strange to the new work. (他對(duì)這新工作很不習(xí)慣。)
    B. special:特殊的、特別的、專門的、額外的,如:special friend特別的朋友;special train專列;當(dāng)名詞用時(shí),特別的人或事物。
    C. quiet:安靜的。Keep quiet!保持安靜!
    D. boring:枯燥的、無趣的、單調(diào)的,請(qǐng)注意和它有關(guān)的其他同根詞:
    bore: v使人感到乏味;bored: adj 感到乏味的;在口語中,有時(shí)說:
    Long speech bores me to death. (冗長的演講把我煩死了。)
    接下來,請(qǐng)看03年一道真題:
    8. We all think(認(rèn)為) that Mary’s husband(丈夫) is a very boring(乏味的) person.
    A shy(害羞的) B stupid(愚蠢的)
    C dull(乏味的、無趣的、遲鈍的) D selfish(自私的)
    dull = boring = uninteresting
    得出結(jié)論:有時(shí)間多做真題。只要是高頻核心詞,總會(huì)不厭其煩地出現(xiàn)在試卷上。
    9.She is a highly (非常) successful (成功的)teacher. (answer: C)
    A. fairly :adv 相當(dāng)?shù)?、公平地、完全地,一般與褒義詞連用,如:
    1). Your bedroom(臥室)is fairly tidy(整潔的).
    2). You are not treating(對(duì)待) us fairly(公平地).
    B. rather : adv 相當(dāng)?shù)?,多與貶義詞連用,如:it’s rather cold today. (今天相當(dāng)?shù)乩洹?除此之外,常見搭配:would rather do A than do B:寧愿做A也不愿做B,如:
    I would rather walk to school than take a bus.
    rather too:太。。。,如:English is rather too difficult for me.(英語對(duì)于我來說太難。)
    rather than:不是,不要,如:I would like a cup of tea rather than coffee.
    C. very: 非常
    D. moderately: adv 適度地、不過分地
    補(bǔ)充:關(guān)于highly:高度地,非常,如:
    his classmates speak highly of him. (他的同班同學(xué)對(duì)他高度評(píng)價(jià)。)
    請(qǐng)見06年一道真題:
    10. It is highly unlikely(不可能的) that she will arrive(到達(dá)) today
    A. probably  B. very  C. hardly(否定副詞,幾乎不)  D. possibly